TRG@

T cell receptor gamma locus
Identifiers
Symbols	TRG ; TCRG; TRG@
External IDs	OMIM: 186970 GeneCards: TRG Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • transmembrane receptor activity Cellular component • integral to plasma membrane • membrane Biological process • immune response
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6965	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	n/a

T-cell receptor gamma chain C region PT-gamma-1/2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRG@ gene.

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random addition of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangement of the gamma locus has been observed in T cells derived from patients with T cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia.

Further reading

• Lefranc MP, Rabbitts TH (1991). "Genetic organization of the human T cell receptor gamma locus.". Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 173: 3–9. PMID 1655357. 
• Lefranc MP, Rabbitts TH (1989). "The human T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) genes.". Trends Biochem. Sci. 14 (6): 214–8. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90029-7. PMID 2527426. 
• Lefranc MP, Forster A, Rabbitts TH (1987). "Genetic polymorphism and exon changes of the constant regions of the human T-cell rearranging gene gamma.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (24): 9596–600. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9596. PMC 387187. PMID 2879283. 
• Yoshikai Y, Toyonaga B, Koga Y et al. (1987). "Repertoire of the human T cell gamma genes: high frequency of nonfunctional transcripts in thymus and mature T cells.". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (1): 119–26. doi:10.1002/eji.1830170120. PMID 2949984.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Tighe L, Forster A, Clark DM et al. (1988). "Unusual forms of T cell gamma mRNA in a human T cell leukemia cell line: implications for gamma gene expression.". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (12): 1729–36. doi:10.1002/eji.1830171208. PMID 2961573.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Huck S, Lefranc MP (1988). "Rearrangements to the JP1, JP and JP2 segments in the human T-cell rearranging gamma gene (TRG gamma) locus.". FEBS Lett. 224 (2): 291–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80472-6. PMID 2961609. 
• Huck S, Dariavach P, Lefranc MP (1988). "Variable region genes in the human T-cell rearranging gamma (TRG) locus: V-J junction and homology with the mouse genes.". EMBO J. 7 (3): 719–26. PMC 454380. PMID 2969332. 
• Dialynas DP, Murre C, Quertermous T et al. (1986). "Cloning and sequence analysis of complementary DNA encoding an aberrantly rearranged human T-cell gamma chain.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (8): 2619–23. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2619. PMC 323350. PMID 3458221.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Essand M, Vasmatzis G, Brinkmann U et al. (1999). "High expression of a specific T-cell receptor gamma transcript in epithelial cells of the prostate.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (16): 9287–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9287. PMC 17772. PMID 10430935.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Allison TJ, Winter CC, Fournié JJ et al. (2001). "Structure of a human gammadelta T-cell antigen receptor.". Nature 411 (6839): 820–4. doi:10.1038/35081115. PMID 11459064.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Uthoff SM, Hunt LE, Grant BS et al. (2002). "T-cell receptor gamma: a microsatellite marker for colorectal cancer.". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 9 (1): 88–93. doi:10.1245/aso.2002.9.1.88. PMID 11833498.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Bartkowiak J, Kulczyck-Wojdala D, Blonski JZ, Robak T (2002). "Molecular diversity of gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.". Neoplasma 49 (2): 86–90. PMID 12088111. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Oyoshi MK, Nagata H, Kimura N et al. (2003). "Preferential expansion of Vgamma9-JgammaP/Vdelta2-Jdelta3 gammadelta T cells in nasal T-cell lymphoma and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.". Am. J. Pathol. 162 (5): 1629–38. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64297-6. PMC 1851204. PMID 12707047.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Cheng WS, Giandomenico V, Pastan I, Essand M (2003). "Characterization of the androgen-regulated prostate-specific T cell receptor gamma-chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) promoter.". Endocrinology 144 (8): 3433–40. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0121. PMID 12865322. 
• van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, Vd Beemd MW et al. (2003). "T-gammadelta receptor restriction in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with Behçet's disease.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 528: 267–8. doi:10.1007/0-306-48382-3_53. PMID 12918704.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)