In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), thermionic valve, tube or valve is a device controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container. The container is often thin transparent glass in a roughly cylindrical shape. Within the glass is a vacuum with a cathode and anode at either end. Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode through the vacuum, a demonstration of the Edison effect. The introduction of a grid between the cathode and anode makes it possible to amplify a current. A negative voltage applied to the grid will subdue the current traveling between cathode and anode through the vacuum by a larger value than the current applied to the grid. Hence the grid may be used to modulate the current through the tube.
Vacuum tubes are used for rectification, amplification, switching, or similar processing or creation of electrical signals. Tubes rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or hot cathode. Electrons travel to the anode (or plate) when it is at a positive voltage with respect to the cathode. Additional electrodes between the cathode and anode regulate current, allowing a tube to amplify or to switch.
Using a hydraulic music system of his own design as a model, Adnan Arduman tries to cover how a vacuum tube works. His objective is to make his speech compre...
5:02
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only On my Channel. The Video is Up-scaled For Better Quality. For Reques...
21:32
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated seque
21:10
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic functions of vacuum tubes are detailed, along with examples of how...
5:01
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot piece on how vacuum tubes are made. These tubes are being made in the...
24:44
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demonstrate the Edison / Edison-Guthrie-Effect (aka. as "Thermionic Emission"), on which vacuum tubes are based. I also show some methods to re-purpose magnetic moving coil instruments.
59:03
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is a triode that was meant for high gain high frequency use. No exampl...
5:17
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mode at about 20KV and 150uA. The glass fluoresces nicely, but I didn'...
5:01
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they show some of the steps in building a McIntosh tube amp. In case you'...
29:47
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
How amplifiers work. Here is another video about calculating gain in transistorized amplifiers: http://youtu.be/_c_jhUla4Fg.
35:46
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
Here we try to make vacuum tubes very small. These will be 1/4 inch in diameter and about 1 inch long! A diode and a triode are made.
8:30
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that is still used today.
More physics at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
16:20
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum tube shop radio! Here's a link to teh project page on Hack A Week: h...
26:13
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
How to get the most out of a gassy rectifier tube.
Using a hydraulic music system of his own design as a model, Adnan Arduman tries to cover how a vacuum tube works. His objective is to make his speech compre...
5:02
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only On my Channel. The Video is Up-scaled For Better Quality. For Reques...
21:32
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated seque
21:10
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic functions of vacuum tubes are detailed, along with examples of how...
5:01
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot piece on how vacuum tubes are made. These tubes are being made in the...
24:44
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demonstrate the Edison / Edison-Guthrie-Effect (aka. as "Thermionic Emission"), on which vacuum tubes are based. I also show some methods to re-purpose magnetic moving coil instruments.
59:03
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is a triode that was meant for high gain high frequency use. No exampl...
5:17
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mode at about 20KV and 150uA. The glass fluoresces nicely, but I didn'...
5:01
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they show some of the steps in building a McIntosh tube amp. In case you'...
29:47
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
How amplifiers work. Here is another video about calculating gain in transistorized amplifiers: http://youtu.be/_c_jhUla4Fg.
35:46
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
Here we try to make vacuum tubes very small. These will be 1/4 inch in diameter and about 1 inch long! A diode and a triode are made.
8:30
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that is still used today.
More physics at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
16:20
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum tube shop radio! Here's a link to teh project page on Hack A Week: h...
26:13
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
How to get the most out of a gassy rectifier tube.
28:22
Vacuum Tube Output Transformer Measurements Determining Turns & Impedance Ratio & Matching To Tubes
Vacuum Tube Output Transformer Measurements Determining Turns & Impedance Ratio & Matching To Tubes
Vacuum Tube Output Transformer Measurements Determining Turns & Impedance Ratio & Matching To Tubes
I have been asked a lot of questions over the years about transformers and this is my attempt to answer the basics - transformer/magnetics design is an engineering field all in its own so there are no YT videos that will make transformers a simple subject - I hope this helps the vacuum tube audio amplifier builder.
Here is another link that might help - http://www.ozvalveamps.org/optrans.htm
5:22
How to Spot Super Rare 12AX7 Vacuum Tubes part I
How to Spot Super Rare 12AX7 Vacuum Tubes part I
How to Spot Super Rare 12AX7 Vacuum Tubes part I
This short video briefly touches on some of the most famous and sought after 12AX7 NOS vintage tubes. Featured are the very rare Mullard longplates, Amperex ...
20:57
Vacuum Tube Tester (2) - The Voltage Multiplier Cascade
Vacuum Tube Tester (2) - The Voltage Multiplier Cascade
Vacuum Tube Tester (2) - The Voltage Multiplier Cascade
Part II of the Vacuum Tube Tester - Series. Teardown + Voltage Multiplier Cascade.
To clarify why I used 2.4kV instead of 2.0 kV in my equations:
The Bosh capacitors would all be able to handle 300 or 600 V. It's the "dish washer motor capacitors" that are the limiting factor. They only have a DC voltage rating of 500 V AC . I therefore will have to inform myself what that exactly means and what DC-voltages they are rated for. My estimation is that they can handle 600 V DC. Therefore I think that 2.4 kV (4*600 V) are still a realistic maximum output voltage. The potentials at the nodes in the lower row are then: 600V, 1200V, 1800V and 2400V
25:27
Vacuum Tubes/Valves by Mullard ~Manufacture for Audio TV Radio
Vacuum Tubes/Valves by Mullard ~Manufacture for Audio TV Radio
Vacuum Tubes/Valves by Mullard ~Manufacture for Audio TV Radio
A great look at how Mullard Thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) are made. Looks like this was made in the 1950's and shows some great footage of tubes/valves be...
20:42
WESTINGHOUSE VACUUM TUBE ELECTRONICS AT WORK WWII Historic Film 71552
WESTINGHOUSE VACUUM TUBE ELECTRONICS AT WORK WWII Historic Film 71552
WESTINGHOUSE VACUUM TUBE ELECTRONICS AT WORK WWII Historic Film 71552
Produced by Westinghouse during WWII, this film explains how electronic vacuum tubes work from the simple diode (single pole switch) to the complex Cathode Ray tube. As the film shows, tubes with grids can be used as electronic amplifiers, rectifiers, electronically controlled switches, oscillators, and for other purposes. Some of the innovations shown in the film include tubes used as rectifiers (for AC/DC conversion and production of metal such as aluminum), an early kind of tube based electrostatic air purifier called a Precipitron, tubes used in radio transmitters and radio telephones (as seen around the 00:08:10:00 mark), for remote con
13:00
Building a Vacuum Tube Tester (1) - Rohde & Schwarz Teardown !
Building a Vacuum Tube Tester (1) - Rohde & Schwarz Teardown !
Building a Vacuum Tube Tester (1) - Rohde & Schwarz Teardown !
Building a Vacuum Tube Tester. Teardown of a 1963 Rohde & Schwarz Frequency Meter.
13:27
DIY SOLAR TUBES EVACUATED VACUUM TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER Boil water with the power of the SUN
DIY SOLAR TUBES EVACUATED VACUUM TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER Boil water with the power of the SUN
DIY SOLAR TUBES EVACUATED VACUUM TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER Boil water with the power of the SUN
Boil water just by placing it in the sun.
http://www.greenpowerscience.com/
This is a simple process to make your owns solar evacuated vacuum tubes from any bottle and a $2 vase from Walmart.
4:20
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter. The tubes are: 12BE6, 12BA6, 12BA6, 12AV6 and 12BY7. The frequency count...
15:00
How To Make Electron Tubes - P&C; Electronics
How To Make Electron Tubes - P&C; Electronics
How To Make Electron Tubes - P&C; Electronics
Hello, everyone. I have created a video, made of how to make a vacuum tube. I'd appreciate to your interested. In addition, some amplifiers that have been ...
Using a hydraulic music system of his own design as a model, Adnan Arduman tries to cover how a vacuum tube works. His objective is to make his speech compre...
Using a hydraulic music system of his own design as a model, Adnan Arduman tries to cover how a vacuum tube works. His objective is to make his speech compre...
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only On my Channel. The Video is Up-scaled For Better Quality. For Reques...
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only On my Channel. The Video is Up-scaled For Better Quality. For Reques...
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated sequences depicting a traffic cop halting an on-rush of electrons inside a tube and a troupe of monkeys tossing pebbles at a grid explain the three-element tube so clearly that a non-technical audience can understand how it operates.
Scenes in the tube shop show the precision workmanship that goes into the making of broadcasting and telephone repeater tubes. The camera moves from one intricate operation to another while skilled craftsmen transform spools of wire and rods of glass into these magic lamps of today."
Footage courtesy of AT&T; Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated sequences depicting a traffic cop halting an on-rush of electrons inside a tube and a troupe of monkeys tossing pebbles at a grid explain the three-element tube so clearly that a non-technical audience can understand how it operates.
Scenes in the tube shop show the precision workmanship that goes into the making of broadcasting and telephone repeater tubes. The camera moves from one intricate operation to another while skilled craftsmen transform spools of wire and rods of glass into these magic lamps of today."
Footage courtesy of AT&T; Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ
published:29 Apr 2014
views:9137
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic functions of vacuum tubes are detailed, along with examples of how...
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic functions of vacuum tubes are detailed, along with examples of how...
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot piece on how vacuum tubes are made. These tubes are being made in the...
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot piece on how vacuum tubes are made. These tubes are being made in the...
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demonstrate the Edison / Edison-Guthrie-Effect (aka. as "Thermionic Emission"), on which vacuum tubes are based. I also show some methods to re-purpose magnetic moving coil instruments.
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demonstrate the Edison / Edison-Guthrie-Effect (aka. as "Thermionic Emission"), on which vacuum tubes are based. I also show some methods to re-purpose magnetic moving coil instruments.
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is a triode that was meant for high gain high frequency use. No exampl...
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is a triode that was meant for high gain high frequency use. No exampl...
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mode at about 20KV and 150uA. The glass fluoresces nicely, but I didn'...
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mode at about 20KV and 150uA. The glass fluoresces nicely, but I didn'...
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they show some of the steps in building a McIntosh tube amp. In case you'...
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they show some of the steps in building a McIntosh tube amp. In case you'...
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that is still used today.
More physics at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that is still used today.
More physics at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum tube shop radio! Here's a link to teh project page on Hack A Week: h...
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum tube shop radio! Here's a link to teh project page on Hack A Week: h...
I have been asked a lot of questions over the years about transformers and this is my attempt to answer the basics - transformer/magnetics design is an engineering field all in its own so there are no YT videos that will make transformers a simple subject - I hope this helps the vacuum tube audio amplifier builder.
Here is another link that might help - http://www.ozvalveamps.org/optrans.htm
I have been asked a lot of questions over the years about transformers and this is my attempt to answer the basics - transformer/magnetics design is an engineering field all in its own so there are no YT videos that will make transformers a simple subject - I hope this helps the vacuum tube audio amplifier builder.
Here is another link that might help - http://www.ozvalveamps.org/optrans.htm
This short video briefly touches on some of the most famous and sought after 12AX7 NOS vintage tubes. Featured are the very rare Mullard longplates, Amperex ...
This short video briefly touches on some of the most famous and sought after 12AX7 NOS vintage tubes. Featured are the very rare Mullard longplates, Amperex ...
Part II of the Vacuum Tube Tester - Series. Teardown + Voltage Multiplier Cascade.
To clarify why I used 2.4kV instead of 2.0 kV in my equations:
The Bosh capacitors would all be able to handle 300 or 600 V. It's the "dish washer motor capacitors" that are the limiting factor. They only have a DC voltage rating of 500 V AC . I therefore will have to inform myself what that exactly means and what DC-voltages they are rated for. My estimation is that they can handle 600 V DC. Therefore I think that 2.4 kV (4*600 V) are still a realistic maximum output voltage. The potentials at the nodes in the lower row are then: 600V, 1200V, 1800V and 2400V. Should one of the dish washer motor capacitors fail, will I replace all of them by higher rated caps.
Part II of the Vacuum Tube Tester - Series. Teardown + Voltage Multiplier Cascade.
To clarify why I used 2.4kV instead of 2.0 kV in my equations:
The Bosh capacitors would all be able to handle 300 or 600 V. It's the "dish washer motor capacitors" that are the limiting factor. They only have a DC voltage rating of 500 V AC . I therefore will have to inform myself what that exactly means and what DC-voltages they are rated for. My estimation is that they can handle 600 V DC. Therefore I think that 2.4 kV (4*600 V) are still a realistic maximum output voltage. The potentials at the nodes in the lower row are then: 600V, 1200V, 1800V and 2400V. Should one of the dish washer motor capacitors fail, will I replace all of them by higher rated caps.
published:23 Mar 2015
views:301
Vacuum Tubes/Valves by Mullard ~Manufacture for Audio TV Radio
A great look at how Mullard Thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) are made. Looks like this was made in the 1950's and shows some great footage of tubes/valves be...
A great look at how Mullard Thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) are made. Looks like this was made in the 1950's and shows some great footage of tubes/valves be...
Produced by Westinghouse during WWII, this film explains how electronic vacuum tubes work from the simple diode (single pole switch) to the complex Cathode Ray tube. As the film shows, tubes with grids can be used as electronic amplifiers, rectifiers, electronically controlled switches, oscillators, and for other purposes. Some of the innovations shown in the film include tubes used as rectifiers (for AC/DC conversion and production of metal such as aluminum), an early kind of tube based electrostatic air purifier called a Precipitron, tubes used in radio transmitters and radio telephones (as seen around the 00:08:10:00 mark), for remote control, analysis and testing, for television, X-rays and more. Manufacture of tin plate (00:11:32:00) is also shown, with tubes generating high frequency current to make the process possible. Dialetric heating is shown being used to laminate plywood and test plastic, and increasing the load carrying capacity of transmission lines.
At 00:10:20:00, a recreation is shown of the first radio broadcast made at the Westinghouse Studios of the electon of Warren G. Harding.
Electronic control of various systems in manufacturing is detailed starting around the 13 minute mark. These systems provided an enormous edge for American manufacturing during the war by increasing efficiency. Photo cells and tubes -- "electronic eyes" -- are shown operating relays, transforming light into current and transforming current into light. (An early TV tube appears at the 16 minute mark). Fluorescent tubes are also shown, and a discussion of sterile lamp rays is shown at about 18 minutes. And one of the great developments of the war -- radar -- is shown at the 18:30 mark.
In electronics, vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), tube, or valve (in British English) is a device that controls electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container. Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament. This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve. A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect. Not all electron tubes contain vacuum: gas-filled tubes are devices that rely on the properties of a discharge through an ionized gas.
The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, contains only an electron emitting cathode and an electron collecting plate. Current can only flow in one direction through the device between the two electrodes, as electrons emitted by the hot cathode travel through the tube and are collected by the anode. Adding control grids within the tube allows control of the current between the two electrodes.
Invented in about 1910, vacuum tubes were a basic component for electronics throughout the first half of the twentieth century, which saw the diffusion of radio, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control. Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tubes that made these technologies widespread and practical. In the forties the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, more efficient, more reliable, more durable, and cheaper than tubes. Hence, in the '50s and '60s, solid-state devices such as transistors gradually replaced tubes. The cathode-ray tube (CRT) remained the basis for televisions and video monitors until superseded in the 21st century. However there are still a few applications for which tubes are preferred to semiconductors; for example, the magnetron used in microwave ovens, and certain high frequency amplifiers.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2K. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com
Produced by Westinghouse during WWII, this film explains how electronic vacuum tubes work from the simple diode (single pole switch) to the complex Cathode Ray tube. As the film shows, tubes with grids can be used as electronic amplifiers, rectifiers, electronically controlled switches, oscillators, and for other purposes. Some of the innovations shown in the film include tubes used as rectifiers (for AC/DC conversion and production of metal such as aluminum), an early kind of tube based electrostatic air purifier called a Precipitron, tubes used in radio transmitters and radio telephones (as seen around the 00:08:10:00 mark), for remote control, analysis and testing, for television, X-rays and more. Manufacture of tin plate (00:11:32:00) is also shown, with tubes generating high frequency current to make the process possible. Dialetric heating is shown being used to laminate plywood and test plastic, and increasing the load carrying capacity of transmission lines.
At 00:10:20:00, a recreation is shown of the first radio broadcast made at the Westinghouse Studios of the electon of Warren G. Harding.
Electronic control of various systems in manufacturing is detailed starting around the 13 minute mark. These systems provided an enormous edge for American manufacturing during the war by increasing efficiency. Photo cells and tubes -- "electronic eyes" -- are shown operating relays, transforming light into current and transforming current into light. (An early TV tube appears at the 16 minute mark). Fluorescent tubes are also shown, and a discussion of sterile lamp rays is shown at about 18 minutes. And one of the great developments of the war -- radar -- is shown at the 18:30 mark.
In electronics, vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), tube, or valve (in British English) is a device that controls electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container. Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament. This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve. A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect. Not all electron tubes contain vacuum: gas-filled tubes are devices that rely on the properties of a discharge through an ionized gas.
The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, contains only an electron emitting cathode and an electron collecting plate. Current can only flow in one direction through the device between the two electrodes, as electrons emitted by the hot cathode travel through the tube and are collected by the anode. Adding control grids within the tube allows control of the current between the two electrodes.
Invented in about 1910, vacuum tubes were a basic component for electronics throughout the first half of the twentieth century, which saw the diffusion of radio, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control. Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tubes that made these technologies widespread and practical. In the forties the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, more efficient, more reliable, more durable, and cheaper than tubes. Hence, in the '50s and '60s, solid-state devices such as transistors gradually replaced tubes. The cathode-ray tube (CRT) remained the basis for televisions and video monitors until superseded in the 21st century. However there are still a few applications for which tubes are preferred to semiconductors; for example, the magnetron used in microwave ovens, and certain high frequency amplifiers.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2K. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com
published:08 Apr 2015
views:18
Building a Vacuum Tube Tester (1) - Rohde & Schwarz Teardown !
Boil water just by placing it in the sun.
http://www.greenpowerscience.com/
This is a simple process to make your owns solar evacuated vacuum tubes from any bottle and a $2 vase from Walmart.
Boil water just by placing it in the sun.
http://www.greenpowerscience.com/
This is a simple process to make your owns solar evacuated vacuum tubes from any bottle and a $2 vase from Walmart.
published:21 Nov 2008
views:145570
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter. The tubes are: 12BE6, 12BA6, 12BA6, 12AV6 and 12BY7. The frequency count...
Homemade super heterodyne vacuum tube radio with AVR (atmega328p) frequency counter. The tubes are: 12BE6, 12BA6, 12BA6, 12AV6 and 12BY7. The frequency count...
Hello, everyone. I have created a video, made of how to make a vacuum tube. I'd appreciate to your interested. In addition, some amplifiers that have been ...
Hello, everyone. I have created a video, made of how to make a vacuum tube. I'd appreciate to your interested. In addition, some amplifiers that have been ...
Using a hydraulic music system of his own design as a model, Adnan Arduman tries to cover how a vacuum tube works. His objective is to make his speech compre...
5:02
How It's Made Audio Vacuum Tubes SD 360p =KCK= x264
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only O...
Audio Vacuum Tubes are Intelligent Made Devices. Watch The Episode of How It's Made Only On my Channel. The Video is Up-scaled For Better Quality. For Reques...
21:32
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two ve...
published:29 Apr 2014
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
AT&T; Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
published:29 Apr 2014
views:9137
See more from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives
There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated sequences depicting a traffic cop halting an on-rush of electrons inside a tube and a troupe of monkeys tossing pebbles at a grid explain the three-element tube so clearly that a non-technical audience can understand how it operates.
Scenes in the tube shop show the precision workmanship that goes into the making of broadcasting and telephone repeater tubes. The camera moves from one intricate operation to another while skilled craftsmen transform spools of wire and rods of glass into these magic lamps of today."
Footage courtesy of AT&T; Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ
21:10
Electronics At Work - 1943 Vacuum Tube Educational Documentary - WDTVLIVE42
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic...
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation gives an over view of the vacuum tube. The six basic functions of vacuum tubes are detailed, along with examples of how...
5:01
How It's Made - vacuum tubes
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot pi...
For some reason, I LOVE the show "How It's Made" and this segment is a beautifully shot piece on how vacuum tubes are made. These tubes are being made in the...
24:44
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demo...
published:02 Apr 2015
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
Vacuum Tube Tester (3) - Thermionic Emission, Amplifiers and Instruments
published:02 Apr 2015
views:1414
Part 3 of the "Vacuum Tube Tester" - Series.
This time I perform some experiments to demonstrate the Edison / Edison-Guthrie-Effect (aka. as "Thermionic Emission"), on which vacuum tubes are based. I also show some methods to re-purpose magnetic moving coil instruments.
59:03
Making a type C triode vacuum tube.
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is ...
Captain H. Round of the British Marconi Co. designed the type C tube in about 1913. It is a triode that was meant for high gain high frequency use. No exampl...
5:17
Creating X-rays with a standard vacuum tube
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mod...
I forced an RCA 811A tube to produce some X-rays by operating the tube in cold-cathode mode at about 20KV and 150uA. The glass fluoresces nicely, but I didn'...
5:01
How It's Made - McIntosh Tube Amp
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they s...
Here's another episode from the great "How It's Made" show on Discovery. This time, they show some of the steps in building a McIntosh tube amp. In case you'...
29:47
Vacuum Tube Amplifier Theory
How amplifiers work. Here is another video about calculating gain in transistorized amplif...
How amplifiers work. Here is another video about calculating gain in transistorized amplifiers: http://youtu.be/_c_jhUla4Fg.
35:46
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
Here we try to make vacuum tubes very small. These will be 1/4 inch in diameter and about ...
published:25 Nov 2014
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
making a miniature vacuum tube triode
published:25 Nov 2014
views:784
Here we try to make vacuum tubes very small. These will be 1/4 inch in diameter and about 1 inch long! A diode and a triode are made.
8:30
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that...
published:14 Dec 2010
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
Vacuum Tube - Sixty Symbols
published:14 Dec 2010
views:74466
The vacuum tube, or thermionic valve, was a crucial breakthrough in electronics - one that is still used today.
More physics at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
16:20
Vacuum Tube Radio Repair
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum t...
In this week's video I explain how a vacuum tube works and how I repaired the old vacuum tube shop radio! Here's a link to teh project page on Hack A Week: h...
26:13
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
How to get the most out of a gassy rectifier tube....
published:16 Jan 2015
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
Spectacular Failure and Replacement of Vacuum Tube in Atwater Kent 55C AM Radio
published:16 Jan 2015
views:2099
How to get the most out of a gassy rectifier tube.
Astronomers are gearing up to spot a rare phenomenon, as a lunar eclipse coincides with a so-called "supermoon". A supermoon occurs when the Moon is as close as it can be to Earth, meaning that it appears larger in the sky. The eclipse - expected to make the Moon appear red in colour - will be visible in North America, South America, West Africa and western Europe... But Dr Massey added ... Please only send pictures you have taken yourself ... ....
US space agency has promised a solved mystery, and invited guest who discovered possible signs of water while a student. Nasa is to reveal a “major science finding” from its Mars exploration mission, giving rise to rumours that the US space agency has found traces of liquid water on the red planet ... While it is keeping its cards close to its chest, the agency has promised a “Mars mystery solved” ... He told the Boston Herald ... ....
The police excess violated a very basic American creed ... Its eco-system nurtures immigrant initiative and is also enriched by it ... And should they make a sortie to Fry's, a local electronic outlet, they'll even find a typical wellspring that nourishes the Valley's spirit — the store sells not just finished TV, computers, and other white goods, but also rows and rows of motherboards, chips, circuits, vacuumtubes and sundry peripherals ... ....
MassDrop offers the DarkVoice OTLTube Headphone Amplifier, model no. 336SE, for $219.99 plus $14.99 for shipping. That's the lowest total price we could find by $85. This Output Transformer-less (OTL) amplifier features an anodized black metal case, 6N8P and 6N5P vacuumtube stage, gold-plated RCA connectors, 10Hz to 30kHz frequency response, and rated impedance output of 32 to 600 ohms. Deal ends September 21... ....
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Email Print Comments. Toronto International Film Festival. The Bottom Line. Sono in space. Venue. Toronto International Film Festival (ContemporaryWorld Cinema) Cast. Megumi Kagurazaka Director-screenwriter. Sion Sono. ... Prolific Japanese auteur Sion Sono is having quite a busy year ... Only after some time do we realize she’s on a space shuttle operated by a HAL-like computer in the shape of an old vacuumtube radio ... Cast....
SpaceX and Tesla MotorsCEO says building the Hyperloop isn't really that hard. Billionaire visionary Elon Musk is known for taking on big, complicated projects ... The Hyperloop is Musk’s vision of a transportation system that can travel at nearly sonic speeds in a vacuumtube ... “It’s like a tube with an air hockey table, it’s just a low pressure tube, with a pod in it that runs on air bearings, on air skis ... Watch the full interview below ... ....
Calling all steampunk adventurers, pirates, scientists and Victorian ladies. Your outrageously large vacuum-tube-decorated wrist watch has arrived here. Gadgets... by Amanda Kooser. @akooser ... You might notice the two vacuumtube-style LEDs protruding from the top of the watch ... If you're a stickler for historical accuracy, you might want to remember that vacuumtubes as we know them weren't invented until 1904 ... ....
Elon Musk’s Hyperloop dream has sparked the imaginations of entrepreneurs and engineers around the world. And now the futuristic mode of transportation is even beginning to shape college curricula ...The course, which began on Tuesday, requires students to design a passenger capsule for the transportation system that can travel at nearly sonic speeds in a vacuumtube ... Aero & Astro, Mechanical, and Industrial ... Copyright2015 ... ....
The Hyperloop is a concept for a transportation system whereby a capsule inside a near-vacuumtube can accelerate up to around 1,220 kilometers (760 miles) per hour, providing a rapid transport system for passengers. It’s estimated that a trip from Washington D.C. to New York City would take just 30 minutes. It sounds like the stuff of science fiction – and at the moment, it is ...HTT/JumpStartFund ... Inner-city lines are also on the agenda....
WASHINGTON, Aug. 19, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Following is the daily "ProfileAmerica" feature from the U.S. CensusBureau.. ON THE AIR. Profile America — Wednesday, August 19th. Two geniuses in the field of electronics whose inventions changed pastimes the world over were born in August ... He invented the three-element vacuumtube, a step toward creating radio ... Sources. ... Vacuumtube ... ....
In the excellent seventh-season “Mad Men” episode “The Monolith,” Sterling Cooper’s creative team loses its brainstorming/smoking/drinking lounge to make way for an enormous 1969 state-of-the-art office appliance ... [...] transistors had been made out of another material that was more expensive. The untrained eye sees a stylized image of a transistor superimposed perpendicularly over a vacuumtube, floating in what appears to be Wile E....
Cold-war era vacuumtubes and monochrome screens have long since disappeared, replaced by state of the art technology. microchips smaller than a grain of salt and hi-res touch-screen monitors that would be the envy of any video-gaming enthusiast. Today's Patriot now uses three new missiles – the GEM-T, PAC-3 and PAC-3 MSE......