- published: 27 Dec 2014
- views: 12962
The Orang Asal are the indigenous people of Malaysia. The term is Malay for "Original People", and the Orang Asal along with Malays are granted Bumiputra status in Malaysia.
The Orang Asal in Peninsular Malaysia are collectively known as the Orang Asli, and form small minorities there. However, the Orang Asal of East Malaysia form a majority of the population.
The term "Orang Asal" means "Original People". It was originally used by Communist insurgents in the Malayan Emergency in order to gain the support of these tribal groups.
Orang Asal are officially bumiputra, which grants them special privileges in Malaysian society. However, their societies remain marginalized, and they have been said to be "Second class Bumiputra's." A current issue is in regards to land, which is often taken for developmental purposes. This has caused many issues, including court cases and divisions between federal and state governments. In addition, illegal logging often occurs on what is considered their traditional land. Issues have occurred in relation to immigration, where immigrants are often given identity cards ahead of the Orang Asal. In addition, many have been pressed to be assimilated into mainstream culture and convert to Islam. Orang asal are often moved in response to development, the incomplete Bakun Dam in Sarawak has forced 11,000 to move.
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as "indigenous" according to one of the various definitions of the term, though there is no universally accepted definition.
In the late twentieth century, the term began to be used primarily to refer to ethnic groups that have historical ties to groups that existed in a territory prior to colonization or formation of a nation state, and which normally preserve a degree of cultural and political separation from the mainstream culture and political system of the nation state within the border of which the indigenous group is located. The political sense of the term defines these groups as particularly vulnerable to exploitation and oppression by nation states. As a result, a special set of political rights in accordance with international law have been set forth by international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank. The United Nations have issued a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect the collective rights of indigenous peoples to their culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and natural resources. Depending on which precise definition of "indigenous people" used, and on the census, estimates of a world total population of Indigenous people range from 220 million Indigenous peoples in 1997 to 350 million in 2004.
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