- published: 21 Mar 2013
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The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical or other object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface. The surface gravity may be thought of as the acceleration due to gravity experienced by a hypothetical test particle which is very close to the object's surface and which, in order not to disturb the system, has negligible mass.
Surface gravity is measured in units of acceleration, which, in the SI system, are meters per second squared. It may also be expressed as a multiple of the Earth's standard surface gravity, g = 9.80665 m/s2. In astrophysics, the surface gravity may be expressed as log g, which is obtained by first expressing the gravity in cgs units, where the unit of acceleration is centimeters per second squared, and then taking the base 10 logarithm. Therefore, as gravity affects all things equally, regardless of their mass in grams or kilograms, and because 1 m/s2 = 100 cm/s2, the surface gravity of Earth could be expressed in cgs units as 980.665 cm/s2 and at base 10 logarithm (log g) as 2.992.