PAL (disambiguation)
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is a colour encoding system for analogue television.
PAL or Pal may also refer to:
Organizations
Science and technology
Medicine, biology, and psychology
Computers
4-Fluoroamphetamine
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects, and is described subjectively as being between amphetamine and MDMA. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine.
Usage
4-FA is popular in the Netherlands where it is predominantly used for its specific effects (77% of users) rather than its legal status (18%).
Effects
The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation develops over the next several hours.
Naphthylaminopropane
Naphthylisopropylamine (PAL-287) is an experimental drug currently under investigation for the treatment of alcohol and stimulant addiction.
Naphthylisopropylamine acts as a non-neurotoxicreleasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, with EC50 values of 3.4 nM, 11.1 nM, and 12.6 nM, respectively. It also has affinity for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors (EC50 values = 466 nM, 40 nM, and 2.3 nM, respectively), and acts as a full agonist at 5-HT2B and as a partial agonist at 5-HT2C, while its affinity for 5-HT2A is probably too low to be significant.
In animal studies, naphthylisopropylamine was shown to reduce cocaine self-administration, yet produced relatively weak stimulant effects when administered alone, being a (much) lesser stimulant than d-amphetamine for comparison. Further research is now being conducted in primates to see if it will be a useful substitute for treating drug addiction in humans as well.
An important observation is that in behavioral studies, rodents would consistently self-administer selective norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agents such as d-amphetamine, yet compounds that also release serotonin like naphthylisopropylamine would not be self-administered. In addition to the drugs (acute) effects on self-administration, all of the available evidence suggests that the locomotor activation caused by the majority of dopamine releasers is also dampened when the drugs also cause serotonergic release. In fact, PAL-287 causes no locomotor activation at all (although admittedly the tests were only after acute dosing).
God
In monotheism and henotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence.
God is also usually defined as a non-corporeal being without any human biological gender, but his role as a creator has caused some religions to give him the metaphorical name of "Father". Because God is concieved as not being a corporeal being, he cannot (some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man to symbolize God because of his role as the "father" of the universe and his deed of creating man's mind in the image of his own.
In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God does not exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.
God (Tori Amos song)
"God" is a song by American singer-songwriter and musician Tori Amos. It was released as the second single from her second studio album Under the Pink. It was released on February 3, 1994 by Atlantic Records in North America and on October 3 by EastWest Records in the UK.
The song reached number 44 on the UK Singles Chart. as well as #1 on the US Modern Rock Chart.
Releases
The B-sides to the American release included Amos' reworking of "Home on the Range", with new lyrics, as well as a two-song instrumental piano suite. An American cassette single featured the b-side "Sister Janet".
A completely different single was released in Europe on CD, 12" and 7" vinyl single, and cassette. The 7" single was a glossy dual sided picture disc. The various formats featured ambient and jungle house remixes of the track by CJ Bolland, Carl Craig and The Joy.
Track listing
God in Judaism
The traditional conception of God in Judaism is strictly monotheistic. God is generally understood by Jews to be the absolute one, indivisible and incomparable being who is the ultimate cause of all existence. Jewish tradition teaches that the true aspect of God is incomprehensible and unknowable, and that it is only God's revealed aspect that brought the universe into existence, and interacts with mankind and the world. The one God of Israel is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who is the guide of the world, delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, and gave them the Law of Moses at biblical Mount Sinai as described in the Torah. Traditional interpretations of Judaism generally emphasize that God is personal, while some modern interpretations of Judaism emphasize that God is a force or ideal.
God has a proper name, written YHWH (Hebrew: יְהֹוָה, Modern Yehovah, Tiberian Yəhōwāh) in the Hebrew Bible. In Jewish tradition another name of God is Elohim.
Names
The name of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible is the Tetragrammaton (YHWH Hebrew: יהוה), frequently anglicized as Jehovah or Yahweh but written in most editions of the Bible as "the Lord". Jews traditionally do not pronounce it, and instead refer to God as HaShem, literally "the Name". In prayer this name is substituted with Adonai, meaning "Master" or "Lord".
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