BARBARIANS: GOTHS (Documentary | Atila Total War)
BARBARIANS: GOTHS (
Documentary | Atila
Total War)
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The Goths (
Gothic: *Gut-þiuda, *Gutans; Old Norse: Gutar/
Gotar;
German: Goten;
Latin: Gothi;
Greek: Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were an
East Germanic people, two of whose branches, the
Visigoths and the
Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the
Roman Empire and the emergence of
Medieval Europe.
An important source of knowledge of the
Goths is
Getica, a semi-fictional account, written in the
6th century by the
Roman historian Jordanes, of their migration from southern Scandza (
Scandinavia), into Gothiscandza—believed to be the lower Vistula region in modern
Pomerania—and from there to the coast of the
Black Sea.
Archaeological evidence from the
Pomeranian Wielbark culture and the
Chernyakhov culture, northeast of the lower
Danube, confirms that some such migration did in fact take place
. In the 3rd century, the Goths crossed either the lower Danube or the Black Sea, ravaged the
Balkans and
Anatolia as far as
Cyprus, and sacked
Athens,
Byzantium, and
Sparta. By the
4th century, the Goths had conquered
Dacia, and were divided into at least two distinct groups separated by the
Dniester River, the Thervingi (led by the
Balti dynasty) and the Greuthungi (led by the
Amali dynasty). The Goths dominated a vast area, which at its peak under the
Kings Ermanaric and
Athanaric extended all the way from the Danube to the
Volga river, and from the
Black to the
Baltic Sea.
In the late 4th century, the Huns came from the east and invaded the region controlled by the Goths. Although the Huns successfully subdued many of the Goths, who joined their ranks, a group of Goths led by
Fritigern fled across the Danube. They then revolted against the Roman Empire, winning a decisive victory at the
Battle of Adrianople. By this time the Gothic missionary Wulfila, who devised the
Gothic alphabet to translate the
Bible, had converted many of the Goths from paganism to
Arian Christianity. In the 4th, 5th, and
6th centuries the Goths separated into two main branches, the Visigoths, who became federates of the
Romans, and the Ostrogoths, who joined the Huns.
After the Ostrogoths successfully revolted against the Huns at the
Battle of Nedao in 454, their leader
Theodoric the Great settled his people in
Italy, founding a kingdom which eventually gained control of the whole peninsula. Shortly after Theodoric's death in 526, the country was captured by the
Byzantine Empire, in a war that devastated and depopulated the peninsula. After their able leader
Totila was killed at the
Battle of Taginae, effective
Ostrogothic resistance ended, and the remaining Goths were assimilated by the
Lombards, another
Germanic tribe, who invaded Italy and founded a kingdom in the northern part of the country in 567
AD.
The Visigoths under
Alaric I sacked
Rome in 410, defeated
Attila at the
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451, and founded a kingdom in
Aquitaine. The Visigoths were pushed to
Hispania by the Franks following the
Battle of Vouillé in 507. By the late 6th century, the Visigoths had converted to
Catholicism. They were conquered in the early
8th century by the Muslim
Moors, but began to regain control under the leadership of the
Visigothic nobleman
Pelagius, whose victory at the
Battle of Covadonga began the centuries-long
Reconquista. The Visigoths founded the
Kingdom of Asturias, which eventually evolved into modern
Spain and Portugal.[
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BARBARIANS: GOTHS (Documentary | Atila Total War)
BARBARIANS: GOTHS (Documentary | Atila Total War)
BARBARIANS: GOTHS (Documentary | Atila Total War)