Henry Rono (born February 12, 1952 in Kapsabet) is a Kenyan former athlete.

Rono was born in Nandi Hills, Kenya, into the Nandi tribe. He started running while at primary school. Starting in 1976 he attended the Washington State University, along with his compatriot Samson Kimobwa, who broke the 10,000 meter world record in 1977. He was coached there by John Chaplin. More Kenyan runners would later enroll at the Washington State, including Bernard Lagat, Mike Kosgei, and Patrick Muturi. While at Washington State, Rono became only the third person in history (after Gerry Lindgren and Steve Prefontaine) to win the NCAA Men's Cross Country Championship three times, doing so in 1976, 1977, and 1979. His winning time of 28:07 in 1976 remains the fastest 10,000 meter cross country time in NCAA history (although in 2008 Galen Rupp ran 27:41 at the NCAA regional meet on a course that was said to be 80 meters short of the regular measure). He was also NCAA steeplechase champion in 1978 and 1979 and NCAA Indoor Champion in the 3000 meters in 1977.