The English Civil War (1642–1651), often referred to as The Civil War in Great Britain, was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–53), and then with a Protectorate (1653–59), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, although this concept was legally established only with the Glorious Revolution later in the century.
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united nation state. The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of the Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.
A civil war is a high-intensity conflict, often involving regular armed forces, that is sustained, organized and large-scale. Civil wars may result in large numbers of casualties and the consumption of significant resources.
Civil wars since the end of World War II have lasted on average just over four years, a dramatic rise from the one-and-a-half year average of the 1900-1944 period. While the rate of emergence of new civil wars has been relatively steady since the mid-19th century, the increasing length of those wars resulted in increasing numbers of wars ongoing at any one time. For example, there were no more than five civil wars underway simultaneously in the first half of the 20th century, while over 20 concurrent civil wars were occurring at the end of the Cold War, before a significant decrease as conflicts strongly associated with the superpower rivalry came to an end. Since 1945, civil wars have resulted in the deaths of over 25 million people, as well as the forced displacement of millions more. Civil wars have further resulted in economic collapse; Burma (Myanmar), Uganda and Angola are examples of nations that were considered to have promising futures before being engulfed in civil wars.
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(Traditional; Arranged by Strummer/Jones)
WHEN JOHNNY COMES
MARCHING HOME AGAIN
HE'S COMING BY BUS OR UNDERGROUND
A WOMAN'S EYE WILL SHED A TEAR
TO SEE HIS FACE SO BEATEN IN FEAR
AN' IT WAS JUST AROUND THE CORNER IN THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
IT WAS STILL AT THE STAGE OF CLUBS AND FISTS
WHEN THAT WELL-KNOWN FACE GOT BEATEN TO BITS
YOUR FACE WAS BLUE IN THE LIGHT OF THE SCREEN
AS WE WATCHED THE SPEECH OF AN ANIMAL SCREAM
THE NEW PARTY ARMY WAS MARCHING RIGHT OVER OUR HEADS
ALRIGHT
THERE YOU ARE, HA HA, I TOLD YOU SO
SAYS EVERYBODY THAT WE KNOW
BUT WHO HID A RADIO UNDER THE STAIRS
AN' WHO GOT CAUGHT OUT ON THEIR UNAWARES?
WHEN THAT NEW PARTY ARMY CAME MARCHING RIGHT UP THE STAIRS
WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME AGAIN
NOBODY UNDERSTANDS IT CAN HAPPEN AGAIN
THE SUN IS SHINING AN' THE KIDS ARE SHOUTING LOUD
BUT YOU GOTTA KNOW IT'S SHINING THROUGH A CRACK IN THE CLOUD
AND THE SHADOWS KEEP FALLING WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME
when johnny comes marching home again
he's coming by bus or underground
a woman's eye will shed a tear
to see his face so beaten in fear
an' it was just around the corner in the english civil war
it was still at the stage of clubs and fists
when that well-known face got beaten to bits
your face was blue in the light of the screen
as we watched the speech of an animal scream
the new party army was marching right over our heads
alright
there you are, ha ha, i told you so
says everybody that we know
but who hid a radio under the stairs
an' who got caught out on their unawares?
when that new party army came marching right up the stairs
when johnny comes marching home again
nobody understands it can happen again
the sun is shining an' the kids are shouting loud
but you gotta know it's shining through a crack in the cloud
When Johnny comes marching home again, hurah tada
He's coming by bus or underground, hurah tada
The world no doubt will shed a tear to see his face so beaten in fear
And it's just around the corner in the English civil war
Still at the stage of clubs and fists, hurah tada
When that well known face got beaten to bits, hurah tada
Your face was blue in the light of the screen
As we watched the speech of an animal scream
The new party army was marching right over our heads
There you are, ha ha, I told you so, hurah tada
Says everybody that we know, hurah tada
But who hid the radio under the stairs
And who got caught out on their unawares
When that new party army came marching right up the stairs
When Johnny comes marching home again, hurah tada
Nobody understands this can happen again, hurah tada
The sun is shining and the kids are shouting loud
But you've got to know it's shining through a crack in the cloud
And the shadows keep on falling when Johnny comes marching home
All the girls go oh get his coffin ready
We are the Roundheads, we don't want kings no more,
That's why we started, the English civil war.
People say we're not fun, but we disagree,
Especially when explaining, parliamentary democracy.
We are particularly excited by the noticens of jurisprudence ...
That's enough dullness, we're the calvaier crew,
Supporting King Charles, and everything that he'll do.
Puritians bore us, it's really a crime,
When your parliamentary buisness, cuts our parting time.
Roundheads, soundheads, keep the music down heads,
Rules and regulations led, dull but fair.
Calvariers three cheers, wackier head gears,
We live to boogie with our peers. Unfair? Don't care !
I am the king, i can do what i'd like,
Start up a war, or a big tax hike.
Got a french wife, she's a catholic.
O Lord !
Really king Charles, we're not quite sure !
Insolence! Is that how you talk to the crown,
I am the king, I'll just close parliament down.
I'll think you find, that's in need of due process.
Here's what we say to that, now clear up this mess !
Roundheads , soundheads, witches should be drowned heads,
Don't believe in crowned heads, parliament's our thing.
Calvaliers three cheers, your superiours,
We're all toffs who cry 'Here, Here' and 'God Save The King'.
Fight ! Fight ! Fight ! Fight ! Fight ! Fight ! Fight ! Fight !
Calvariers ! Roundheads ! The English Civil War !
(Why is it called 'civil'? May I kill you please? Sure !)
Love civil wars, to be fought on this land,
If I get to power, christmas will be banned.
No chance Cromwell, vitory will be mine,
you'll never pass a ban on mince pies and mulled wine.
That's what you think, just wait 'til you're caught,
I also scrap theatre, music and sport.
Your pathetic war will finish, even before it's begun,
We've taken Charles prisoner, the round heads have won !
Oh !
Victory three cheers, cavaliers in tears,
No power for years, I'm the leader of the pack !
Charles head round head, hurrah now the king's dead,
Sins binned instead a righteous track.