A Gurmata (literally, guru's intention) is an order passed by the Sarbat Khalsa in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib. A gurmata may only be passed on a subject that affects the fundamental principles of Sikh religion and is binding upon all Sikhs. Gurmata is similar to Fatwa in the Muslim tradition with a difference that Fatwa is not binding on all Muslims while Gurmata is binding on all Khalsa, it is not binding on non Khalsa Sikhs.

'Guru Arjan Dev Ji{{}} (Punjabi: ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ [ɡʊru əɾdʒən dev]; 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) is the Fifth of the Ten Guru Ji' of Sikhism. He was born in Goindval, Punjab, India, the youngest son of Guru Ram Das Sahib Ji and Bibi Bhani Ji, the daughter of Guru Amar Das Sahib Ji. He became Guru Ji of the Sikhs on 1 September 1581 after the death of His Father Guru Ram Das Sahib Ji. Guru Arjan Dev Ji died in Lahore, Punjab, (now in Pakistan). Before His death, He passed the light of Guruship to His Son Guru Har Gobind Sahib Ji as the next Guru Ji of the Sikhs.

Guru Arjan Dev Ji lived as the Guru Ji of Sikhism for a quarter of a century and accomplished much during his service to humanity. Guru Arjan completed the construction of Amritsar and founded other cities such as Taran Taran and Kartarpur. He constructed a Baoli at Lahore. The most important work of Guru Arjan Dev Ji was the compilation of Adi Granth. He collected all the work of the first four Gurus and dictated it in the form of verses in 1604. It is, perhaps, the only script which still exists in the form first published (a hand-written manuscript) by the Guru. The integrity of the original writings within the Adi Granth is especially noted.

Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh (Hindi: गुरमीत राम रहिम सिंह) is a spiritual leader and the head of the not-for-profit spiritual organisation Dera Sacha Sauda (DSS) since 23 september 1990.^{[citation needed]} His followers revere him as 'Saint Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Ji Insan'. Under Singh's leadership, DSS has engaged in numerous social programmes, including blood drives, tree planting, disaster relief, and support for transgender people, tribal communities, orphans, and rehabilitation of sex workers.

Singh was born to Nasib Kaur and Maghar Singh on 15 August 1967, at Gurusar Modia village in Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. The family belongs to the Sidhu clan of Punjabi Jat. Singh's parents were devotees of Shah Satnam, guru of Dera Sacha Sauda.

On 23 September 1990, Shah Satnam Singh held a huge satsang where he publicly conferred sainthood and succession of the spiritual leadership upon Singh. Singh is married and has three children, although he renounced family ties in 1990 to enter spiritual life. Singh is well known for his interest in sports and music. His music has been published by Universal Music He has also led his organisation to several Guinness World Records, of a social nature.Singh has organised drives for blood pressure, diabetes and cholesterol screening that have been recognized as Guinness World Records. Additionally , In association with the American Society Of Echocardiography , he has created another world record for Most Cardiac Echo tests. He has recently been honored by the American Society of Echocardiography for his social contributions.,