Hamza (Arabic: الهَمْزة, (al-)hamzah) (ء) is a letter in the Arabic alphabet, representing the glottal stop [ʔ]. Hamza is not one of the 28 "full" letters, and owes its existence to historical inconsistencies in the standard writing system. In the Phoenician and Aramaic alphabets, from which the Arabic alphabet is descended, the glottal stop was expressed by aleph (), continued by alif ( ) in the Arabic alphabet. However, alif was used to express both a glottal stop and a long vowel /aː/. To indicate that a glottal stop, and not a mere vowel, was intended, hamza was added diacritically to alif. In modern orthography, under certain circumstances, hamza may also appear on the line, as if it were a full letter, independent of an alif.
The hamza letter on its own always represents hamzat qaṭʿ (همزة قطع); that is, a phonemic glottal stop. Compared to this, hamzat waṣl or hamzatu l-waṣl (همزة الوصل) is a non-phonemic glottal stop produced automatically at the beginning of an utterance. Although it can be written as alif carrying a waṣlah sign ٱ, it is usually indicated by a regular alif without a hamza. It occurs, for example, in the definite article al-, ism, ibn, imperative verbs and the perfective aspect of verb forms VII to X, but is not pronounced following a vowel: (e.g. al-baytu l-kabīru for written البيت الكبير). It occurs only at the beginning of a word following a preposition or the definite article.
Hamza Yusuf Hanson is an American Islamic scholar, and (with Zaid Shakir and Hatem Bazian) is co-founder of Zaytuna College in Berkeley, California, United States. He is a convert to Islam, and is one of the signatories of A Common Word Between Us and You, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders, calling for peace and understanding. He has described the 9/11 attacks as "an act of 'mass murder, pure and simple'". Condemning the attacks, he has also stated "Islam was hijacked ... on that plane as an innocent victim".The Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom reported that he "is arguably the west's most influential Islamic scholar" and added that "many Muslims find his views hard to stomach."
Hamza Yusuf was born to two academics in Washington State and raised in Northern California. In 1977, he became Muslim and subsequently traveled to the Muslim world and studied for ten years in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, as well as North and West Africa. Hamza Yusuf spent four years studying in the United Arab Emirates and elsewhere in the Middle East. Later he traveled to West Africa and studied in Mauritania, Medina, Algeria, and Morocco under such scholars as Murabit al Haaj; Baya bin Salik, head of the Islamic court in Al-'Ain, United Arab Emirates; Muhammad Shaybani, Mufti of Abu Dhabi; Hamad al-Wali; and Muhammad al-Fatrati of Al Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt.[citation needed] After more than a decade abroad, he returned to the United States and earned degrees in nursing from Imperial Valley College and religious studies at San José State University.[citation needed]
Plot
Halil is an old pedlar who travels to Turkish villages with his horse and sells trinket, needle and thread, mirror, scissors, comb, toys for children etc. After selling his stuff in the village of Hashas, he gets on his way to another village. After many hours of walking, the old man takes a break in a deserted area on the mountains. A stranger attacks Halil and knocks him out. Halil opens his eyes on a high hill, He was surrounded by a circle which was drawn around him. His money, gun and his stuff had been stolen. The old man can't go away and leave the circle drawn around him. The stranger comes back and tells Halil that he would give Halil's belongings back, if Halil passes through the circle. But the old man doesn't leave the circle. And thus, a strong struggle begins between Halil, inside circle and the stranger, outside...
Keywords: turkey
This film is about the people who belong to Yazidi religion and whose population is now 500 in Turkey
Plot
The film is about a group of young Turkish-born immigrants. Lack of prospects in Germany, and their combined dreams have driven the men to crime. However they want to settle in their homeland. In the hopes of a bright future they meet one last time in a bar that night but will this change everything?
Plot
The three young immigrant boys Wasim, Riaz and Munawar are growing up in the east end of Oslo, Norway. They find school extremely boring and become attracted to the hard boiled gang East Side Crew, which is run by the brothers Sadiq and Khalid. Petty theft soon develops in to drug dealing, violence and murder.
Keywords: 1980s, 1990s, alcohol, anti-hero, attempted-murder, ball-gag, beating, beer, blood, brother
Life's a matter of honor
Plot
In a flashback, late-Victorian beauty Ruby, a divorcee with a shady past, calculatingly marries rich Egyptologist Nigel, who installs her at his Cairo estate while he digs for mummies. Bored, Ruby undertakes to recover a friend's letters from Baroudi. But when she meets the blackmailer, mutual attraction leads to an affair. As Ruby gets in deeper, she finds Baroudi is even more unscrupulous than she dreamed.
Keywords: based-on-novel, based-on-play, period-piece, remake
YOU CAN'T RESIST IT! (original ad - all caps)
Who was she...this woman called Ruby?
The men in her life sometimes lived to regret it.
Ruby: Men are just begging to be lied to... so I lie. They don't fall in love with me; they never trouble to know me; they just fall in love. And they're cheated by their own imaginations.::Isaacson: Interesting viewpoint.::Ruby: It's the truth! If I can have everything I want, money, pleasure, admiration, just by a little harmless lying, I'd be a fool not to lie, wouldn't I?
(Ye Asmaan Yeh Zameen
Tu Basi Hai Har Kahin) 2
Tere Bin Mera Jeena Nahin
(Tere Bin Kuch Nahin, Tere Bin Kuch Nahin) 4
(Suni Suni Raatein, Balhayein Teri Yaadein
Kahan Le Chali Mujhko Deewangi) 2
Tu Shums Main Kamar Mein
Zameen Pe Reh Guzar Mein
Hai Rehti Wahan Pe Teri Dilkashi
Ho Na Jaaun Paagal, Ho Na Jaaun Paagal
Hai Kaarvan Phir Bhi Kami
Tu Basi Hai Har Kahin
Tere Bin Mera Jeena Nahin
(Tere Bin Kuch Nahin, Tere Bin Kuch Nahin) 4
Armaano Mein Basi Hai
Tu Khwabon Mein Basi Hai
Tu Dikhti Har Jagah Pe Tu Kahan Hai Chupi
Hai Doondhi Duniya Saari, Ye Zindagi Guzari
Kahin Te Mile Mujhko Teri Parchai
Ho Gaya Hoon Ghayal, Yaad Aaye Har Pal
Main Kahan Tu Kahin, Aisi Apni Zindagi
Tere Bin Mera Jeena Nahin
(Tere Bin Kuch Nahin, Tere Bin Kuch Nahin) 4