The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 (non-distributed) most powerful known computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, the second one is presented in November at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL, a portable implementation of the High-Performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers.
The TOP500 list is compiled by Hans Meuer of the University of Mannheim, Germany, Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of NERSC/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
In the early 1990s, a new definition of supercomputer was needed to produce meaningful statistics. After experimenting with metrics based on processor count in 1992, the idea was born at the University of Mannheim to use a detailed listing of installed systems as the basis. Early 1993 Jack Dongarra was persuaded to join the project with his Linpack benchmark. A first test version was produced in May 1993, partially based on data available on the Internet, including the following sources:
The word asshole, a variant of arsehole, which is still prevalent in British and Australian English, is a vulgar to describe the anus, often pejoratively used to refer to people.
The word arse in English derives from the Germanic root *arsaz, which originated from the Proto-Indo-European root *ors — meaning buttocks or backside. The combined form arsehole is first attested from 1500 in its literal use to refer to the anus. The metaphorical use of the word to refer to the worst place in a region, e.g., "the arsehole of the world") is first attested in print in 1865; the use to refer to a contemptible person is first attested in 1933. In the ninth chapter of his 1945 autobiography, Black Boy, Richard Wright quotes a snippet of verse that uses the term: "All these white folks dressed so fine / Their ass-holes smell just like mine ...". Its first appearance as an insult term in a newspaper indexed by Google News is in 1965. As with other vulgarities, these uses of the word may have been common in oral speech for some time before their first print appearances. By the 1970s, Hustler magazine featured people they did not like as "Asshole of the Month." In 1972, Jonathan Richman's Modern Lovers recorded his song "Pablo Picasso," which includes the line "Pablo Picasso was never called an asshole."
When me reach me yard me got one thing on me mind,
To hold me little woman and fe make her feel irie.
Be play album, dub plate, and forty-five
For dat's the kind of riddim that keeps me alive.
Me turn on fe me radio some a chat 'bout dat
But I know more than D.J. so I nah play you dat.
[Chorus:]
Me tek a 'D' and a 'U' an' a 'B' - not 'E'
That thing there is special to me.
Me listen in the morning, also in the night
For dat form of music is out-a-sight.
The newest form of music is easy to see
It start with a 'D' and end with a 'B'
Dub in a de morning and dub in a de night
Mek the whole neighbourhood feel alright,
feel alright
When me reach me yard me got one thing on me mind,
To hold me little woman and fe mek her feel irie.
When me reach me yard me got one thing on me mind,
To hold me little woman and fe mek her feel irie.
[Chorus]
Rock in a de dance, me seh fe give dub a chance,
Rock in de blues, you know you jus' can't lose.
A dub me a defend, on dub i can depend
Check out dis yah music and run tell yo' friend.
We don't want rock 'n' roll and we got enough soul,
We don't want rock 'n' roll and we got enough soul.
Bass is beutiful if it's clean,
But dis yah dub music, man it well mean.
No bother follow friend and ignore dub again.
It's simple, but effective, can't you see?
A lot of people catch on in 'eighty-three.
Now is 'eighty-four and you must know the score,
Anything me chat, you know the people bawl 'more.'
Me jump 'pon de graphics, don't get vex'
All me have a total concept to make you feel Irie.