Verkhoyansk (Russian: Верхоя́нск; Sakha: Үөһээ Дьааҥы, Üöhəə Çaaŋı) is a town in Verkhoyansky Uluus of the Sakha Republic, Russia, situated on the Yana River, near the Arctic Circle, 675 kilometers (419 mi) from Yakutsk. Population: 1,311 (2010 Census preliminary results); 1,434 (2002 Census); 1,883 (1989 Census).

There is a river port, an airport, a fur-collecting depot, and the center of a reindeer-raising area.

Cossacks founded an ostrog in 1638, 90 kilometers (56 mi) southwest of the modern town. In 1775, it was moved to the left bank of the Yana River, to facilitate tax collection. It was granted town status in 1817. Between the 1860s and 1917, the town was a place of political exile, with some of the more prominent exiles including the Polish writer Wacław Sieroszewski, as well as Bolshevik revolutionaries Ivan Babushkin and Viktor Nogin.

Verkhoyansk is notable chiefly for its exceptionally low winter temperatures and some of the greatest temperature differences between summer and winter on Earth. Average monthly temperatures range from −45.8 °C (−50.4 °F) in January to +16.9 °C (62.42 °F) in July. Mean monthly temperatures are below freezing from October through April and exceed +10 °C (50 °F) from June through August, with the intervening months of May and September constituting very short transitional seasons. Verkhoyansk has an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen Dfd) dominated much of the year by high pressure. This has the effect of cutting off the region from warming influences in winter and together with little cloud cover leads to extensive heat losses during the cooler months. The warmest month on record is July 2010 at +20.8 °C (69.44 °F).

The Verkhoyansk Range (Russian: Верхоянский хребет) is a mountain range of eastern Siberia, spanning ca. 1000 km (600 m.), across the Sakha Republic. It forms a vast arc between the Lena and Aldan rivers to the west and the Yana River to the east. It rises to ca. 2,480 m (8,150 ft) in the south. There are coal, silver, lead, and zinc deposits. It lies just west of the boundary of the Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates.

The world's lowest temperatures for inhabited places have been recorded in this region, and there is quite deep snow cover for most of the year. During the Last Glacial Maximum the range contained extensive glaciers, and the scenery in the summer is typical of "alpine" mountains.

Coordinates: 67°00′N 129°00′E / 67°N 129°E / 67; 129