Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure.
Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks, usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other diluted solvents. These solvents, usually acidic, migrate through the weathering rock after leaching through upper weathered layers. In addition to the weathering process, some clay minerals are formed by hydrothermal activity. Clay deposits may be formed in place as residual deposits in soil, but thick deposits usually are formed as the result of a secondary sedimentary deposition process after they have been eroded and transported from their original location of formation. Clay deposits are typically associated with very low energy depositional environments such as large lakes and marine basins.
Francis may refer to:
Diébédo Francis Kéré, born 1965 in Gando, is a Burkinabé architect.
As the son of the village headman, he could go to school in Tenkodogo. From 1978 he worked as a carpenter. 1985 he worked as an instructor for Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, the German ministry for development aid. In 1990, a scholarship from the Carl Duisberg Society allowed him to go to school in Germany, finishing with Abitur in 1995, and to study architecture at the Technical University of Berlin, graduating in 2004. In 2006 he was made knight of the National Order of Merit in Burkina Faso.
In September 1998, he founded the organization Schulbausteine für Gando (Building blocks for Gando schools). Since 2001 his projects included the erection of numerous schools in Burkina Faso. He devised a building technique based on traditional methods of loam construction, extended with modern structural principles. His buildings rely principally on local materials and a construction process based on manual labour. He devises the buildings in a way that they can cope with heat and rain.
Francis Clay (November 16, 1923 – January 21, 2008), born and raised in Rock Island, Illinois,he started playing Jazz, professionally at the age of 15, played drums behind many of the biggest names of 20th century popular American music. Best known for his work behind Muddy Waters in the '50s and '60s and as an original member of the James Cotton band, Clay's jazz-influenced style is cited as an influence by many of the British Invasion rock 'n' rollers of the '60s such as Charlie Watts and Ronnie Wood of the Rolling Stones and Faces, respectively.
In his career, Clay claimed to have backed Gypsy Rose Lee, and played with Jay McShann and Charlie Parker early on and with Jimi Hendrix while in New York's Greenwich Village. He can be heard on recordings including John Lee Hooker's "Live at the Cafe Au Go-Go" and can be seen and heard on documents from the Waters band's 1960 Newport Jazz Festival appearance and on albums issued by the El Cerrito, California Arhoolie label by Big Mama Thornton and Lightning Hopkins, among many others.
Mark Francis (born in London, England) was an English-American soccer midfielder who played in the American Soccer League, American Indoor Soccer Association, SISL and USISL. He has also coached at the high school, college and professional levels. He is currently the women's head coach of the University of Kansas.
Francis attended Southern Methodist University, playing on the men’s soccer team from 1983 to 1987. During his four seasons, he was a three time All American, second team in 1984, third team in 1985 and first team in 1986. He graduated from SMU in 1987 with a bachelors degree in physical education.
In 1988, Francis signed with the Orlando Lions of the American Soccer League, remaining with them through the 1989 season. In the fall of 1989, he joined the Dayton Dynamo of the American Indoor Soccer Association. The Dayton Dynamo lost to the Canton Invaders in the championship series. In 1990, he then moved to the Richardson Rockets for the SISL summer indoor soccer season. He continued to play for the Rockets until 1992. In 1991, the SISL was renamed the USISL and the Rockets became the North Texas Mid-Cities Flyers. During this time, the Rockets/Flyers alternated between summer indoor and winter outdoor seasons. The Rockets won the 1991 SISL outdoor season. In 1993, Francis moved to the DFW Toros before returning to the Flyers, now known as the Dallas Rockets in 1993. In 1995, Francis moved again, this time to the Mesquite Kickers for the USISL Indoor season before finishing his playing career with the Mobile Revellers.