George Morland 喬治·莫蘭 (1763-1804) Rococo British

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tonykwk39@gmail.com Morland was born in the Haymarket, London, on 26 June 1763, the eldest of the five children of Henry Robert Morland and Jenny Lacam. Educated at home, he took to copying pictures and plaster casts, and first exhibited (chalk drawings) at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1773, at the age of ten. Apprenticed to his father in 1777, when he began copying in earnest, Morland worked hard for his father's profit, but was encouraged to advertise his talents. His first picture to be engraved was published in 1780, he exhibited his first painting at the Royal Academy in 1781 (exhibiting sporadically thereafter, for the last time in the year of his death), and showed no fewer than twenty-six works at the Free Society of Artists in 1782. At the expiry of his apprenticeship in 1784, Morland refused an offer to join Romney's studio and entered the Royal Academy Schools; but after six months he left home and took lodgings close to a rapacious Drury Lane publisher, for whom he painted a large number of pictures. In the summer of 1785 he worked in Margate as a portraitist and paid a short visit to northern France. In 1786 he married Anne Ward. Tragically, since he loved children, there was only one child, a still-born son. He established his reputation in the late 1780s as a painter of sentimental genre and of childhood subjects. He turned to rustic subject matter in 1791. Exhibitions of his work were held at Orme & Co. in 1792 and 1793, and at John Raphael Smith's gallery in King Street, Covent Garden, in 1793. Morland did not normally work on commission, as his contemporaries did, but sold his paintings, which were mostly small in size, through an agent. He had at least five pupils at different times, the principal ones facilitating his prolific production. As a reaction against a strict upbringing and the drudgery of his apprenticeship, Morland associated with the demimonde and soon acquired a reputation for recklessness and hard drinking. After his marriage and early professional success he became more extravagant and more addicted to low and sporting company. By 1789 he was seriously in debt and had to dodge creditors; in 1790 he settled in Paddington. In 1793 he was warned by a physician of the dangers of further debauchery. He was congenitally restless, and from 1794 on his debts compelled constant changes of address and greatly increased productivity. In 1799 he visited the Isle of Wight; on his return, still in debt, he was arrested at his lodgings in Vauxhall and committed to the King's Bench, living within the rules of the prison until his release in 1802. Morland spent his last years with his brother Henry, who had a picture shop on Dean Street in Soho. Both his work and his health deteriorated--his pictures were only received at the Royal Academy on account of his former merit. Worn out by his dissolute life, he died of brain fever in a spunging house in Coldbath Fields, London, on 29 October 1804. 喬治·莫蘭出生在乾草市場，倫敦，1763 6月26日，長子羅伯特·亨利莫蘭和珍妮Lacam的五個孩子上。在家裡接受教育，他走上複製圖片和石膏，並首次展出（粉筆劃）在皇家藝術學院在1773年，在十歲。在1777年師從他的父親，當他開始認真地複製，莫蘭打拼了他父親的利潤，但鼓勵宣傳自己的才華。被刻他的第一張照片被刊登在1780年，他在1781年展出了他的第一幅畫在皇家學院（參展此後零星，在他去世一年的最後時間），並沒有表現出比26的作品在少於1782年藝術家的自由社會。 在他於1784年學徒期滿後，莫蘭拒絕要約加入羅姆尼的工作室，並進入皇家學院學校;但半年後，他離開了家，花了近一個貪婪的特魯裡街出版商，對他們來說，他畫了大量的圖片住所。在1785年夏天，他馬蓋特工作作為肖像畫家和支付給法國北部進行了短暫訪問。 1786年，他結婚安妮病房。可悲的是，因為他愛孩子，只有一個孩子，一個還在生兒子。 他奠定了他在18世紀80年代後期聲譽感傷流派畫家和童年科目。他轉身對質樸的主題在奧瑪與公司共舉辦他的作品展覽1791年在1792年和1793年，在約翰·拉斐爾·史密斯在國王街畫廊，考文特花園，在1793年莫蘭沒有正常佣金工作，因為他同時代的做了，但是賣他的畫，這是規模大多較小，通過代理人。他曾在不同的時間至少五學生，校長那些有利於他的多產的生產。 作為對嚴格的教養的反應和他的學徒的苦差事，莫蘭與demimonde相關聯，並很快獲得了魯莽和難喝的聲譽。他的婚姻和早期的職業上的成功後，他變得更奢侈，更沉迷於低和運動的公司。到1789年，他是認真的債務，不得不躲閃債權人; 1790年，他在帕丁頓解決。 1793年，他被進一步放蕩的危險醫生警告說。他是天生不安分，並且從1794上他的債務被迫地址不斷變化，大大提高了生產效率。 1799年，他參觀了懷特島;在他的回歸，依然在債務，他在他的沃克斯豪爾的住處被捕，並致力於王座，監獄的規則範圍內生活，直到他被釋放在1802年莫蘭度過了他的最後幾年，他的兄弟亨利，誰的圖片在蘇荷店的迪恩街。無論他的工作和他的健康惡化 - 他的照片只在皇家科學院收到帳戶他以前的功績。他的放蕩生活累死了，他在Coldbath領域，倫敦斯普京(spunging)房子1804月29日死於腦發燒。