The Rebellions of 1837 were two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838. Both rebellions were motivated by frustrations in political reform. A key shared goal was the allowance of responsible government, which was eventually achieved in the incident's aftermath.

The rebellions started in Lower and Upper Canada. The Lower Canada Rebellion was a larger and more sustained conflict by French Canadian and English Canadian rebels against British colonial government. The Upper Canada Rebellion was an abortive uprising in Upper Canada against Upper Canada oligarchy, the Family Compact, followed by a series of raids, skirmishes, and other small actions over the next year, many of them launched from the United States.

The rebellion in Lower Canada began first, in November 1837, and was led by many leaders such as Wolfred Nelson, Louis-Joseph Papineau, and Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan.

The Lower-Canada rebellion probably inspired the much shorter rebellion in Upper Canada led by William Lyon Mackenzie in December. In addition, there were other grievances in Upper Canada. Settlers resented the gifts of land and official status to the Anglican Church to the exclusion of Roman Catholics, Methodists, and other religions. In addition, there were tensions caused by mass immigration from the United States, particularly in the western areas.