July 19

July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 64 – Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.
• 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
• 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
• 998 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea – Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.
• 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
• 1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
• 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
• 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days on the throne.
• 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
• 1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
• 1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
• 1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
• 1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
• 1848 – Women's rights: a two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – The Qing dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
• 1903 – Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
• 1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
• 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada – The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 – Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II, that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements.
• 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic – German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1943 – World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.
• 1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
• 1947 – Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.
• 1952 – The 1952 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were opened in Helsinki, Finland.
• 1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
• 1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Khánh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.
• 1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing that the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
• 1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
• 1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 – United Flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112.
• 1992 – A car bomb placed by mafia with collaboration of Italian intelligence kills Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort
• 1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

Births

• 810 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (d. 870)
• 1670 – Richard Leveridge, English singer-songwriter (d. 1758)
• 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary and painter (d. 1766)
• 1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and poet (d. 1806)
• 1759 – Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
• 1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian monk and saint (d. 1833)
• 1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-Canadian colonel and politician (d. 1853)
• 1789 – John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (d. 1854)
• 1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan general and politician, 1st President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
• 1814 – Samuel Colt, American businessman, founded the Colt's Manufacturing Company (d. 1862)
• 1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (d. 1890)
• 1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
• 1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
• 1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French scholar and critic (d. 1906)
• 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
• 1864 – Fiammetta Wilson, British astronomer (d. 1920)
• 1865 – Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (d.1933)
• 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American soprano (d. 1945)
• 1869 – Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general (d. 1927)
• 1871 – Lars Jørgen Madsen, Danish target shooter (d. 1925)
• 1876 – John Gunn, England cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (d. 1963)
• 1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
• 1890 – George II of Greece (d. 1947)
• 1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 – Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1959)
• 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bangladeshi-Pakistani politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
• 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish-Swiss physician and author (d. 1981)
• 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player and sailor (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-American sociologist and philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, Indian physician, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1979)
• 1902 – Samudrala Raghavacharya, Indian singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1968)
• 1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress and singer (d. 1972)
• 1909 – Balamani Amma, Indian poet and author (d. 2004)
• 1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
• 1917 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Dallas McKennon, American voice actor (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Patricia Medina, English-American actress (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer, and conductor (Juilliard String Quartet)
• 1920 – Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (d. 2013)
• 1921 – André Moynet, French war time fighter pilot, entrepreneur-businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
• 1922 – George McGovern, American lieutenant, historian, and politician (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Joseph Hansen, American author and poet (d. 2004)
• 1923 – Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1930 – Darko Suvin, Yugoslav-Canadian academic and critic
• 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish biologist and photographer (d. 1987)
• 1934 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian actor and screenwriter
• 1937 – George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist and astronomer
• 1941 – Vikki Carr, Mexican-American singer and actress
• 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch politician
• 1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
• 1945 – Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1945 – George Dzundza, German-American actor
• 1946 – Stephen Coonts, American lawyer and author
• 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 – André Forcier, Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, German footballer and manager
• 1947 – Brian May, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
• 1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
• 1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1950 – Adrian Noble, English director and screenwriter
• 1951 – Abel Ferrara, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1951 – Reza Kianian, Iranian actor
• 1954 – Alvan Adams, American basketball player
• 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist and historian
• 1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
• 1955 – Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
• 1956 – K.A. Applegate, American author
• 1956 – Mark Crispin, American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (d. 2012)
• 1956 – Rajendra Prasad, Tollywood actor, comedian and producer
• 1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1958 – Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2013)
• 1958 – Robert Gibson, American wrestler
• 1958 – David Robertson, American conductor
• 1959 – Juan J. Campanella, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Atom Egoyan, Egyptian-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Kevin Haskins, composer, drummer (Bauhaus, Love and Rockets, Tones on Tail)
• 1961 – Harsha Bhogle, Indian journalist and author
• 1961 – Maria Filatova, Russian gymnast
• 1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian, actress, and author
• 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian director and screenwriter
• 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor, director, and producer
• 1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor and director
• 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian author
• 1964 – André A. Jackson, French businessman
• 1964 – Masahiko Kondō, Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, and race car driver
• 1964 – Mark Wigglesworth, English conductor
• 1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
• 1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer and manager
• 1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
• 1967 – Jean-François Mercier, Canadian comedian, screenwriter, and television host
• 1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and manager
• 1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
• 1970 – Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, Deputy First Minister of Scotland
• 1971 – Russell Allen, American singer-songwriter (Symphony X, Adrenaline Mob, Allen-Lande, and Star One)
• 1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
• 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
• 1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor and screenwriter
• 1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican wrestler
• 1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer
• 1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
• 1975 – Wax Tailor, French DJ and producer
• 1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor
• 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer and manager
• 1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
• 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
• 1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
• 1979 – Josué Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
• 1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
• 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian race car driver
• 1980 – Mark Webber, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican cricketer
• 1981 – Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby player
• 1981 – Grégory Vignal, French footballer
• 1982 – Phil Coke, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
• 1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator and director
• 1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian actress and singer
• 1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
• 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
• 1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
• 1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
• 1985 – Zhou Haibin, Chinese footballer
• 1985 – Marina Kuzina, Russian basketball player
• 1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
• 1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
• 1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
• 1988 – Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player
• 1990 – Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
• 1995 – María José Alvarado, Honduran model, Señorita Honduras 2014 (d. 2014)
• 1996 – Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer and dancer (A Pink)
• 1997 – Ohga Tanaka, Japanese actor

Deaths

• 514 – Pope Symmachus
• 806 – Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
• 931 – Uda, Japanese emperor (b. 867)
• 998 – Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine general (b. c. 940)
• 1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1304)
• 1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
• 1543 – Mary Boleyn, English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1499)
• 1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1550)
• 1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Italian wife of Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena (b. 1637)
• 1692 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1653)
• 1692 – Susannah Martin, American woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1621)
• 1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1776)
• 1814 – Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (b. 1774)
• 1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (b. 1783)
• 1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (b. 1785)
• 1850 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (b. 1810)
• 1855 – Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
• 1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (b. 1796)
• 1868 – Okita Sōji, Japanese captain (b. 1844)
• 1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1847)
• 1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American publisher and religious leader (b. 1859)
• 1913 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
• 1919 – Walter Brack, German swimmer (b. 1880)
• 1933 – Kaarle Krohn, Finnish historian and academic (b. 1863)
• 1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (b. 1850)
• 1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Russian captain and pilot (b. 1916)
• 1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1947 – Aung San, Burmese general and politician (b. 1915)
• 1947 – Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
• 1965 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean politician, 1st President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek author (b. 1890)
• 1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
• 1977 – Karl Ristikivi, Estonian geographer, author, and poet (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Nihat Erim, Turkish politician, 13th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
• 1982 – Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (b. 1930)
• 1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
• 1985 – Janusz Zajdel, Polish author (b. 1938)
• 1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician, President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1913)
• 1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian judge (b. 1940)
• 1994 – Victor Barbeau, Canadian author and academic (b. 1896)
• 1998 – Elmer Valo, Polish-American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Alan Lomax, American historian, scholar, and activist (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss politician, President of the Swiss National Council (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (b. 1902)
• 2004 – Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Edward Bunker, American author and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1945)
• 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (b. 1907)
• 2009 – Frank McCourt, American author and educator (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Henry Surtees, English racing driver (b. 1991)
• 2010 – Cécile Aubry, French actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 2010 – Jon Cleary, Australian author (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi director and playwright (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (b. 1912)
• 2012 – Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (b. 1935)
• 2012 – E. V. Thompson, English author (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Valiulla Yakupov, Islamic cleric (b. 1963)
• 2013 – Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter and actor (Korol i Shut) (b. 1973)
• 2013 – Mel Smith, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
• 2014 – David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (b. 1917)
• 2014 – James Garner, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Arsenius (Catholic Church)
  • Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
  • Justa and Rufina
  • Kirdjun
  • Macrina the Younger, Sister of St. Basil the Great
  • Symmachus
  • July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Martyrs' Day (Burma)
• Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (Nicaragua)
• The first day of Lucaria (Roman Empire)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada