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Stanley Park is a proposed football stadium in Stanley Park, Liverpool that if built, would become home to Liverpool Football Club. The stadium would have a capacity of 60,000 (potentially expandable to 72,000) all-seated if built as originally planned.

There are two designs that have been given planning permission. One is designed by architects AFL with a capacity of 60,000, and the second is a more expensive futuristic design by Dallas based architects HKS, which would originally seat 60,000 with the capacity for further expansion to 73,000.

As of January 2012 only small site preparation work has been completed. A change in owners has resulted in the plans for Stanley Park Stadium to be reexamined. There is a possibility that the new owners Fenway Sports Group will choose to redevelop and expand the current club stadium Anfield in a similar way that they redeveloped Fenway Park for the Boston Red Sox.

Stadium[link]

The stadium was initially scheduled to open in 2006^[3] with a capacity of approximately 55,000 seats. This was designed by Manchester based architects AFL. A subsequent redesign of this stadium brought the capacity to 60,000^[4], and planning permission was granted for this in 2003. Construction on this never progressed past the ground works due to a lack of funds.

Under the ownership of Tom Hicks and George Gillette, Dallas based architects HKS were asked to present a plan for a 60,000 seater stadium that could be easily expandable to over 73,000 in the future. They came up with a futuristic design with a 18,500 seater single tier kop. The design was estimated to cost £400m, and the club were granted planning permission for this stadium. Work never started on this as the owners Hicks and Gillette couldn't raise the funds^[5].

In January 2008, AFL presented Liverpool FC with another redesign of their 60,000 capacity stadium. This was dubbed "New Generation Anfield" and would seat 72,000 with 18,500 in a single tiered kop, similar to the HKS capacity. The stadium would also include two Wembley-style arches.^[6] It would cost £290m to build. Planning permission has not been sought for this project however.

In January 2012, the Telegraph reported that the new club owners Fenway Sports Group had decided to ditch the HKS design on the bases of cost and practicality and focus on working with AFL's "First Generation Anfield" plans. They would modernise the now decade-old design, and include a single tiered kop. It is not clear yet however whether the club will refurbish the existing Anfield stadium, or whether to proceed with the new stadium. In any case, it is thought that at least £150m in sponsorship money will have to be raised before construction could begin^[7].

History[link]

Liverpool F.C. were approached by Liverpool City Council to become a tenant on the flagship King's Dock project. The club however rejected the offer because the site would only be suitable for a 50,000 capacity stadium.^[8] At the same time, Merseyside rivals Everton F.C. informally inquired about building on North West section of Stanley Park, Liverpool but were deterred when told that a Victorian covenant was in place. Liverpool's then CEO, Rick Parry threatened to move Liverpool into a neighbouring borough on Merseyside because the only other site he considered viable was to become a residential estate in Garston.^[8] The City Council then offered Everton F.C. the opportunity to become tenants of King's Dock. Everton agreed to this as they would only need to raise £30million for a 50,000 capacity stadium and the rest would be paid for with public money by the Council.^[8]

Sensing an opportunity, former chief executive Rick Parry told Liverpool City Council that Liverpool F.C. wanted to build on the South East area of Stanley Park and that they were considering leaving the city boundaries and taking millions of pounds of income that would usually be paid to the council with them. The City Council reluctantly agreed to Parry's demands and Parry told the press that the solution was "under our noses all along".^[8] At the time, Everton chairman, Bill Kenwright chose not to contest the reasoning because they were being given financial support from the public sector. Plans to build on Stanley Park were resisted by local residents and Friends of Stanley Park who did not want to lose parkland for a football stadium.

The stadium designed by AFL was given planning permission in February 2003. Construction was expected to be finshed in 2006.

Hicks & Gillett Era[link]

In February 2007 the club was bought by American owners Tom Hicks and George Gillett Jr. The new owners stated that a new stadium was a priority and that work would begin soon. However the pair failed to secure funding for the stadium, and the AFL plans were replaced by newer and more expensive HKS ones. The HKS stadium was given final planning permission on 19 June 2008 and minor site preparation began on 24 June 2008.^[9].

On 15 May, Carlsberg stated their interest in a sponsorship deal of the stadium name, proposing Carlsberg Anfield.^[10][11][12] No official deal was signed however, and thus no major financial backing was secured.

Former Liverpool Chief Executive Rick Parry announced on 5 October 2008 that although the stadium would still be built, work would be delayed until economic conditions improve.

Fenway Sports Group Era[link]

By mid-2010 the club were in serious financial trouble with huge debts. This prompted the takeover of the club by a consortium led by John W Henry in October 2010. The group known as New England Sports Ventures (now FSG) announced that the club wanted to expand stadium capacity, and that they would reexamine all options, including redeveloping Anfield^[13].

Although there has been no official statement from the club, in January 2012, the Telegraph reported that FSG have permanently ditched the more expensive HKS stadium designs in favour of a revised AFL design that would conform with the original planning permission^[14]. It is thought that the cost of redeveloping the existing stadium is prohibitively expensive^[15], and that the club are now seeking naming rights deals to finance the stadium.

Groundshare with Everton FC[link]

It has been reported that, should funding prove sufficiently difficult to acquire, there is a possibility that the stadium will be co-financed by Everton FC, who are also looking into the possibility of a new stadium in Kirkby,^[16] although this has been strenuously denied by Liverpool's former co-owner Tom Hicks.^[17] Due to the government's rejection of Everton FC's stadium project and financial problems at Everton FC, there has been speculation in the media as to a joint stadium project.^[18] Such a project received support from the leader of Liverpool city council and the chief of Liverpool's bid to host matches as part of the failed English 2018 World Cup bid.^[19] Despite media rumours, Liverpool FC have always maintained that a ground sharing situation was never on the agenda.^[20]

Access[link]

Anfield Railway Station[link]

In February 2008, it was revealed that Liverpool FC were looking to build a new rail station. Three locations have been looked at; Utting Avenue, Stanley Park Avenue and Pinehurst Avenue.^[21]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikinews has related news: UK's Liverpool FC unveils plans for new stadium

• Club's official website page on the proposed stadium
• Images and Description
• BBC report stadium approval in September 2006
• Planning Application (07F/2191) at Liverpool.gov.uk

Coordinates: 53°26′02″N 2°57′35″W / 53.4339807°N 2.9596138°W / 53.4339807; -2.9596138

Stanley Park
Aerial view of Stanley Park
Type	Municipal
Location	Vancouver
Coordinates	49°18′N 123°08′W / 49.30°N 123.14°W / 49.30; -123.14Coordinates: 49°18′N 123°08′W / 49.30°N 123.14°W / 49.30; -123.14
Area	404.9 hectares (4.049 km2; 1.563 sq mi)
Created	1888
Operated by	Vancouver Park Board
Visitors	8 million
Status	Open all year
National Historic Site of Canada
Official name: Stanley Park National Historic Site of Canada
Designated:	1988

Location of Stanley Park within Vancouver.

This photograph shows Sḵwx̱wú7mesh longhouses once located in 1886 at Coal Harbour.

Stanley Park is a 404.9 hectare (1,001 acre) urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was opened in 1888 by David Oppenheimer in the name of Lord Stanley of Preston, the Governor-General of Canada.^[1]

It is more than 10% larger than New York City's Central Park and almost half the size of London's Richmond Park.^[2] The park attracts an estimated eight million visitors every year,^[3] including locals and tourists, who come for its recreational facilities and its natural attributes. A paved 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) seawall path circles the park, which is used by 2.5 million pedestrians, cyclists, and inline skaters every year.^[4] Much of the park remains forested with an estimated half million trees, some of which stand as tall as 76 metres (249 ft) and are up to hundreds of years old.^[5][6] There are approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) of trails and roads in the park, which are patrolled by the Vancouver Police Department's equine mounted squad.^[7] The Project for Public Spaces has ranked Stanley Park as the sixteenth best park in the world and sixth best in North America.^[8]

History[link]

The area of the park is the traditional territory of several different indigenous tribes. On the Burrard Inlet and Howe Sound regions, Squamish had many villages in this park. On the lower Fraser River area, Musqueam used the area for resource gathering.^[9] Where Lumberman's Arch is now in Stanley Park, a large Squamish village once presided called X̱wáýx̱way meaning Place of masks. The dwellings traditionally used was a longhouse built from cedar poles and slabs. One longhouse was measured at 200 feet (61 m) long by 60 feet (18 m) wide.^[10] These houses were occupied by large extended families living in different quadrants of the house. The larger houses were used to ceremonial potlatchs where a host would invite guests to witness and participate in ceremonies and the giving away of property.^[11]

The park itself was a rich resource for gathering food and materials. The Squamish "cut down large cedar trees in Stanley Park for making canoes and other purposes" utilizing "nothing but stone chisels and a big round stone for a hammer."^[9] Where present Second Beach is, a place called "St’i’tekekw’" to Squamish was used to gather "a clay material or muddy substance formally obtained right in the bed of a small creek... which, when rolled into loaves, as (my people) did it, and heated or roasted before a fire, turned into a white like chalk"^[12] This material was used in the making of mountain goat wool and dog wool blankets. The Squamish name references this material. Another home for local natives was where present Prospect Point is. This place is called "Schi'lhus" meaning High Bluff. Coal Harbour was known as a fishing spot for herring. August Jack, a local historian who once lived at Schi’lhus, remembered his early days when him and his brother were "fish-raking in Coal Harbor" and "got lots of herring in (the) canoe".^[11] Deadman's Island (properly called Deadman Island on official charts and maps) located in Coal Harbour was once used a burial island, possibly a reason for its macabre name. The popular landmark Siwash Rock is called "Slah-kay-ulsh" meaning "he is standing up." In their oral history, a man was transformed into this rock by the three Transformer brothers. The hole in the rock was where Slah-kay-ulsh kept his fishing tackle, according to Andrew Paull.^[13]

View of Siwash Rock, taken from the hiking trail above.

First contact between Europeans occurred in 1791, with Spanish Captain Jose Maria Narvaez and British Captain George Vancouver. Captain Vancouver recorded in his journal "Here we met about fifty Indians, in their canoes, who conducted themselves with the greatest decorum and civility, presenting us with many cooked fish, and undressed, of the sort already mentioned as resembling the smelt. These good people, finding we were inclined to make some return for their hospitality, shewed much understanding in preferring copper to iron." In his A Voyage of Discovery, Vancouver describes the area as “an island ... with a smaller island [Deadman Island] lying before it,” indicating that it was originally surrounded by water, at least at high tide.^[14] No other contact was recorded for decades, until around the time of the Crimean War when British admirals arranged with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Joe Capilano that in the case of an invasion, the British would defend the south shore of Burrard Inlet and the Squamish would defend the north.^[15]

According to Capilano’s daughter, the British gave him and his men 60 muskets. Although the attack anticipated by the British never came, the guns were used by the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh to repel an attack by an indigenous raid from the north. Stanley Park was not attacked but this was the beginning of it being considered a strategic military location by the British.^[16]

The peninsula was designated as a military reserve in the early 1860s in a survey conducted by the Royal Engineers. It was again considered a strategic point in case Americans might attempt an invasion and launch an attack on New Westminster (then the colonial capital) via Burrard Inlet. Although the area was logged by six different companies between the 1860s and 1880s, this military designation saved the land from development.^[17] In 1886, as its first order of business, Vancouver’s City Council voted to petition the Dominion government to lease the reserve for use as a park.

To manage their new acquisition, city council appointed a six-man park committee, which was replaced with the Vancouver Park Board in 1890 that was to be elected rather than appointed (a rarity in North American cities). The Vancouver Park Board manages 192 parks on over 12.78 square kilometres (3,160 acres) of land, but Stanley Park remains by far the largest.^[18]

A statue of Lord Stanley at the quoted moment.

On September 27, 1888 the park was officially opened, where it was named after Lord Stanley, Governor General of Canada at the time.^[3] The following year, Lord Stanley became the first Governor General to visit British Columbia when he officially dedicated the park. An observer at the event wrote:

“

Lord Stanley threw his arms to the heavens, as though embracing within them the whole of one thousand acres of primeval forest, and dedicated it 'to the use and enjoyment of peoples of all colours, creeds, and customs, for all time. I name thee, Stanley Park.'[19]

”

Vancouver Province photo of debris left by 1935 storm and warning of the fire hazard if not cleaned up.

When Lord Stanley made this declaration, there were still a number of indigenous people living on lands he had claimed for the park. Some, who had built their homes less than twenty years earlier, would continue to live on the land for years. Most of the dwellings at the Squamish village of X̱wáýx̱way were reported as vacant by 1899, and in 1900, two of such houses were purchased by the Park Board for $25 each and burned. One Sḵwx̱wú7mesh family, “Howe Sound Jack,” and Sexwalia “Aunt Sally” Kulkalem, continued to live at X̱wáýx̱way until Sally's death in 1923. Sally's ownership of the property surrounding her home was accepted by authorities in the 1920s, and following her death, the property was purchased from her heir, Mariah Kulkalem, for $15,500 and resold to the Federal government.^[20]

In 1908, twenty years after the first petition for the lease, the federal government renewed the lease of Stanley Park to Vancouver for ninety-nine years, renewable in 2007.^[21] and rolled over in 2008.

Deadman's Island, a small island off Stanley Park is the site of Vancouver's Naval Reserve Division HMCS Discovery. During the 1860s to early 1880s, early settlers along Burrard Inlet also used the island, along with Brockton Point, as a burial ground and cemetery. Burials ceased when the Mountain View Cemetery opened in 1887, just after Vancouver had become a city. During a small pox outbreak in the late 1880s, Deadman Island became a "pest house" for quarantined victims of the disease and burial site for those who did not survive.^[22]

The park was designated a National Historic Site of Canada by the federal government in 1988. It was deemed significant because the relationship between its "natural environmental and its cultural elements developed over time" and because "it epitomizes the large urban park in Canada."^[23]

Squamish First Nations Chief Ian Cambell proposed in 2010 renaming Stanley Park as Xwayxway Park after the large village formerly located in the area.^[24]

World War I[link]

A small temporary gun battery was established above Siwash Rock to protect Vancouver from possible attacks from German merchant raiders. This was removed prior to the end of the war. Then in 1936, when Japan moved into Manchuria, the perceived Japanese threat resulted in fortifications being erected in Stanley Park, amongst other areas of Vancouver.^[25]

World War II[link]

With the threat of a Japanese attack high on peoples' minds, a gun battery with two 6” Mk7 guns on Mk 2 mountings were emplaced at Third beach. Later the 6” guns were replaced by 4” guns. Remains of the emplacement can still be seen, but the bunker has been buried. The Teahouse restaurant is just behind the emplacement and was the mess for the crews serving the guns. The battery was demobilized at the end of the war. Also a searchlight tower was built above Siwash rock and remains intact on the cliff above.^{[citation needed]}

Attractions[link]

Stanley Park contains numerous natural and man-made attractions that lure visitors to the park. Unlike other large urban parks, Stanley Park is not the product of a landscape architect, but has evolved into its present, mixed-use configuration.^[26]

Forest[link]

Trees growing out of stumps show the regeneration of the park forest.

The forest gives the park a more natural character than most other urban parks, leading many users to consider it an urban oasis.^[27] It is primarily second and third growth and contains many huge Douglas-fir, Western Red cedar, Western Hemlock, and Sitka Spruce trees.

One of the large trees knocked down by the wind storm on December 15, 2006.

In addition to logging in the nineteenth century, large swathes of the park were deforested by natural causes on three occasions in the city’s history. The first was a combination of an October windstorm in 1934 and a subsequent snowstorm the following January that felled thousands of trees, primarily between Beaver Lake and Prospect Point.^[28] Another storm in October 1962, the remnants of Typhoon Freda, cleared a 6-acre (24,000 m²) virgin tract behind the children's zoo, which opened an area for a new miniature railway that replaced a smaller version built in the 1940s. In total, approximately 3,000 trees were lost in that storm.^[29]

Another storm ravaged the park on December 15, 2006 with 115 kilometres per hour (71 mph) winds. Over 60% of the western edge was damaged; the worst part was the area around Prospect Point.^[30] In total, about 40% of the forest was affected, with an estimated 3,000 trees damaged. Large sections of the seawall were also destabilized by the storm, and many areas of the park were closed to the public pending restoration. The cost of restoration has been estimated at $9 million, which will be covered by contributions from all three levels of government and private and corporate donations.^[31]

Since 1992, the tallest trees have been topped and otherwise pruned by park staff for safety reasons.

Logging operation at Prospect Point, the area most damaged by the 2006 storm

The Hollow Tree in 2008

Because the park has been subjected to such dramatic changes, several landmark trees have been affected. The Hollow Tree was probably the most photographed park element in bygone years, an obligatory stop for locals, tourists and dignitaries alike, and a professional photographer was on hand to capture the visit for a fee. The tree was saved from road widening in 1910 through the lobbying efforts of the photographer who made his living at the tree.^[32] Automobiles and horse-drawn carriages would frequently be backed into the hollow, demonstrating the immensity of the tree for posterity. While the remaining 700–800 year-old stump still draws viewers and is commemorated with a plaque, it is no longer alive and has shrunk considerably over the years, from a circumference of 18.3 metres (60 ft) many decades ago, to a more recent 17.1 metres (56 ft).^[33][34] Damaged by the December 2006 windstorm and leaning forward at a dangerous angle, on March 31, 2008, the tree was targeted by the Vancouver Park Board for removal due to potential safety hazards.^[35] However, on January 19, 2009, the Board accepted a proposal to save the tree by realigning and stabilizing it at a cost of $250,000, funded entirely by private donations.^[36]

The National Geographic Western Red cedar about two months before it was uprooted by a storm

Another tree that has achieved fame is the National Geographic Tree, so named because it appeared in the magazine’s October 1978 issue. With a circumference of 13.5 m (44½ ft), it was once one of the more impressive big Western Red cedars of the park. It diminished over time, ravaged by storms, a lightning strike, and topped by park staff to a height of 39.6 metres (130 ft) before being uprooted in October 2007.^[34][37][38] A small stand of tall trees that has not survived but was once a popular attraction, “The Seven Sisters,” is memorialized by a plaque and new replacement trees. The death of the distinctive fir tree atop Siwash Rock has also been memorialized with a replacement. The original died in the dry summer of 1965, and through the persistent efforts of park staff, a replacement finally took root in 1968.^[39][40]

Bodies of water[link]

In addition to being nearly surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, Stanley Park is home to several other bodies of water in Vancouver. Beaver Lake is a small lake, mostly covered by lily pads, home to fish and water birds. As of 1997, its surface area was 3.95 hectares, but the lake is slowly shrinking in size.^[41] One of Vancouver's few remaining free-flowing streams, Beaver Creek, joins Beaver Lake to the Pacific Ocean and is one of two streams in Vancouver where salmon still return to spawn each year.^[41][42]

Lost Lagoon with Downtown Vancouver in background

Third Beach

Lost Lagoon is a captive 16.6 hectare (41 acre) body of water, west of Georgia Street, near the Georgia Street entrance to the park. Surrounding the lake is a 1.75 kilometres (1.09 mi) trail, and it features a lit fountain that was erected to commemorate the city's golden jubilee. It is a nesting ground to many species of bird, including swan, Canada goose, duck, beaver and great blue heron.

Recreational facilities[link]

Recreational facilities are abundant in the park, having long co-existed, albeit uneasily, with the aesthetic and more natural park features preferred by those looking to the park as an enclave of nature in the city.^[43] The most heavily used and the favourite facility of park users is the seawall encircling the park’s perimeter. Construction of the 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) seawall around the park began in 1917, but was not declared finished until September 26, 1971, and did not fully circle the park until 1980.^[44]

James "Jimmy" Cunningham, a master mason, dedicated 32 years of his life to the construction of the seawall from 1931 until his retirement in 1963. Even after he retired, Cunningham continued to return (once in his pajamas) to monitor the wall's progress, until his death at 85 on September 29, 1963.^[45]

The seawall is a popular destination for walking, running, cycling, and inline skating. There are two paths, one for inline skaters and cyclists and the other for pedestrians. The section around the outside of the park is one-way for cyclists and inline skaters, running counter-clockwise.^[45] The walkway has been extended several times and is currently 22 kilometres from end to end, making it the world's longest uninterrupted waterfront walkway.^[46] Unofficially, it starts at Canada Place in the downtown core, runs around Stanley Park, along English Bay beach, around False Creek, and finally to Kitsilano Beach. From there, a trail continues 600 metres to the west, connecting to an additional 12 kilometres of beaches and pathways which terminate at the mouth of the Fraser River. The December 2006 storm subjected parts of the park portion of the seawall to mudslides and falling debris, forcing park staff to close it for an extended repair period.^[47]

Lily-covered Beaver Lake

The miniature railroad was built in an area leveled by Typhoon Freda in the 1960s and is especially popular as seasonal “Halloween Trains” and "Christmas Trains". The park also contains tennis courts, an 18-hole pitch and putt golf course, a seaside swimming pool at Second Beach, and the Brockton Oval for track sports, rugby, and cricket. For entertainment, there is the Aquarium, Canada’s first and largest since it opened in 1956, and the Malkin Bowl, rebuilt after a fire in the 1980s and home to the local Theatre Under the Stars.^[48]

Animals[link]

Henry Avison, the first zookeeper and park ranger, feeding a bear

Until 1996, a main attraction in the park was a zoo, which grew out of the collection of animals begun by the first park superintendent (aka Park Ranger, 1888–1896), Henry Avison, after he captured an orphaned black bear cub and chained it to a stump for safety. Avison was subsequently named city pound keeper, and his collection of animals formed the basis for the original zoo, which eventually housed over 50 animals, including snakes, wolves, emus, buffalo, kangaroos, monkeys, and Humboldt penguins.^[49]

In 1994, when plans were developed to upgrade Stanley Park's zoo, Vancouver voters instead decided to phase it out when the question was posed in a referendum. The Stanley Park Zoo closed completely in December 1997 after the last remaining animal, a polar bear named Tuk, died at age 36. He had remained after the other animals had left because of his old age. The polar bear pit, often criticised by animal rights activists, was converted into a demonstration salmon spawning hatchery.^[50] Domestic animals and a few reptiles and birds continued to be kept at the Children’s Farmyard, until it was closed as a result of budget cutbacks in January 2011. Numerous varieties of animals live in the park, including 200 bird species, such as peacocks descended from the old zoo, as well as other non-native species.

The Vancouver Aquarium is also located in the park. Since its establishment in 1956, the Aquarium has become the largest in Canada and houses a collection of marine life that includes dolphins, belugas, sea lions, Harbour seals, and sea otters. The popular children's song, "Baby Beluga", was inspired by one of the whales at the facility. In total, there are approximately 300 species of fish, 30,000 invertebrates, 56 species of amphibians and reptiles, and around 60 mammals and birds.^[51] The park board approved an $80 million expansion of the Aquarium in November 2006, following considerable public debate and despite a vocal opposition concerned about animal rights and the loss of park trees required by the expansion.^[52]

Mammals include a large raccoon population, coyotes, skunks, possibly beavers, rabbits descended from discarded pets, and a thriving grey squirrel population descending from eight pairs given as a gift from New York's Central Park in 1909.^[27][53]

A large great blue heron, Ardea herodias fannini, colony took up digs in a grove of trees near the Park Board Administration Office in 2002. The heronry has continued to grow, with more than 170 active nests recorded last year which are expected to fledge over 200 chicks in a normal season.^[54]

Monuments[link]

Totem poles in Stanley Park

Over the years a large collection of monuments has accumulated in Stanley Park, consisting of statues, plaques, and various other memorials commemorating a large variety of things. Among these are statues of Lord Stanley, poet Robert Burns, Olympic runner Harry Jerome, and President Harding; plaques commemorating the wreck of the SS Beaver, the sinking of the Chehalis (a tugboat that collided with the MV Princess Victoria off Stanley Park), Pauline Johnson’s burial site, and the Salvation Army; a replica of the RMS Empress of Japan figurehead; a bronze statue of a Girl in a Wetsuit by Elek Imredy; and a timber-and-stump archway that replaced the original Lumbermen’s Arch built by lumber workers for a visit by the Duke of Connaught, which ultimately succumbed to rot. The original arch was a copy of the Parthenon's front, using whole trees for the columns and gable, and was originally located on the Duke's carriage route at Homer and Pender Streets before it was moved to the park. The new Lumberman's Arch was built with public washrooms and change rooms, with open-air showers adjoining the former Lumberman's Arch Pool, replaced in the 1980s by a waterpark.

Gardens are also a common form of commemoration in the park.^[55] The windstorm of 2006 revealed traces of a long-forgotten rock garden in the area of the Tea House and railway, which had once been one of the park's star attractions and also one of its largest man-made objects by area.^[56] A monument to the Nisei of British Columbia immediately west of the Aquarium is accompanied by a planting of Japanese maple and flowering cherry and other plants from Japan.

Reflecting the view that the park should be kept in a more natural state and is already saturated, the park board has banned the erection of any further memorials. In what some have considered an exception to the ban, the park board agreed in 2006 to build a new playground at Ceperley Meadows near Second Beach honouring the victims of the Air India Flight 182 bombing. The federal government has earmarked $800,000 to build the playground, which was completed in the summer of 2007.^[57] A local historian has also suggested the appropriateness of memorials marking the sites of communities that were displaced in the making of the park at Lumbermen’s Arch (Whoi Whoi, or Xwayxway), Prospect Point (Chaythoos), Brockton Point, and Kanaka Rancherie (at the foot of Denman Street), although a formal proposal has not been put forth.^[58]Just west of the Nine O'Clock Gun there is a plaque commemorating these mixed-race communities.

Gallery[link]

This section looks like an image gallery. Wikipedia policy discourages galleries of random images of the article subject; please improve or remove the section accordingly, moving freely licensed images to Wikimedia Commons if not already hosted there.

• 

  Sunset in Stanley Park
• 

  Girl in a Wetsuit statue
• 

  Statue of Scottish poet, Robert Burns
• 

  Deadman's Island, showing squatters' homes in the early twentieth century
• 

  Lions Gate Bridge connecting Vancouver to West and North Vancouver
• 

  Evidence of 1860s logging is visible on notched tree stumps in the park.
• 

  Lost Lagoon

• 

  Second Beach Pool

• 

  Totem poles

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stanley Park

• Stanley Park – Vancouver Park Board website
• Map of Stanley Park – PDF Map of Stanley Park
• Stanley Park Ecology Society
• Park Board Map showing areas damaged by December 2006 storm and related closures.
• CTV news story and video footage of aerial survey showing storm damage.
• UBC Faculty of Forestry articles and photos on the windstorm damage and restoration
• Correspondence and papers in reference to Stanley Park and Deadman's Island, British Columbia, Ottawa, Ontario, s.n.1899, Sessional Papers No. 68A, Parliament of Canada, S.E. Dawson, Queen's Printer, by Order of Parliament.
• On the Spot Zoo Story, short 1953 film about the Stanley Park Zoo, City of Vancouver Archives

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Charlie Adam

Adam playing for Scotland in March 2011
Personal information
Full name	Charles Graham Adam
Date of birth	(1985-12-10) 10 December 1985 (age 26)
Place of birth	Dundee, Scotland
Height	1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[1]
Playing position	Midfielder
Club information
Current club	Liverpool
Number	26
Youth career
1999–2000	Dundee
2000–2004	Rangers
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2004–2009	Rangers	61	(13)
2004–2005	→ Ross County (loan)	11	(2)
2005–2006	→ St. Mirren (loan)	29	(5)
2009	→ Blackpool (loan)	13	(2)
2009–2011	Blackpool	78	(28)
2011–	Liverpool	28	(2)
National team‡
2006	Scotland U21	3	(0)
2006–2007	Scotland B[2]	3	(0)
2007–	Scotland	16	(1)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 21 March 2012. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 29 February 2012

Charles Graham "Charlie" Adam (born 10 December 1985) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liverpool and the Scotland national football team.

Before having a youth career at Rangers, Adam was part of the Dundee youth set up between 1999 and 2000.^[3] He signed for Alex McLeish's Rangers in December 2000, and became a product of their youth system. He spent much of his early senior career on loan to other clubs. While on loan to St. Mirren during season 2005–06, Adam was part of the team that won both the Scottish Challenge Cup and First Division, playing in over thirty matches for the Saints. Upon returning to Rangers at the end of the 2006 season, he became a regular under managers Paul Le Guen and Walter Smith. Adam was also part of the Rangers team that reached the 2008 UEFA Cup Final.

After falling out of favour at Rangers during season 2008–09, Adam was loaned out to English Championship side Blackpool. The loan was made permanent at the start of the 2009–10 season, and Adam became an integral part of the Blackpool side, captaining the team to a play off victory over Cardiff City which resulted in their promotion to the Premier League. Adam shone in his first season in the English Premier League, his performances being recognised with a nomination for the PFA Players' Player of the Year in April 2011. However, Blackpool were relegated and consequently he transferred to Liverpool in July 2011. He has played at B and full international levels for Scotland.

Background[link]

Adam is the son of former professional player Charles Adam, a midfielder who played for various Scottish clubs in the 1980s and 1990s.^[4] Adam's brother, Grant, is a goalkeeper and plays for Rangers' under-19s team.^[5]

He attended Dundee's Braeview Academy, alongside fellow future footballers Garry Kenneth and Scott Robertson.^[6]

Club career[link]

Rangers[link]

Early career at Rangers[link]

Dundee-born Adam joined Rangers on his fifteenth birthday, 15 December 2000.^[6][7] He made his debut appearance on 14 April 2004 against Livingston^[8] and played sporadically thereafter but did not become a first-team regular until the management of Paul Le Guen.

He made an appearance at the start of the 2004–05 season,^[9] and then joined First Division club Ross County on loan for the rest of that campaign.^[9] While in Dingwall, Adam made fifteen appearances, scoring twice, against Raith Rovers and St. Mirren.^[10] He also played in the 2004 Scottish Challenge Cup Final against Falkirk. County were ahead courtesy of David Winters 56th minute goal. Adam was substituted in the 60th minute as was team mate Sean Higgins six minutes later. Neil Scally and Darryl Duffy then scored in 70 and 75 minutes respectfully for Falkirk to come back to lift the trophy/^[11]

Loan to St Mirren[link]

Adam then joined First Division side St. Mirren on loan for the 2005/06 season.^[9] During his spell in Paisley, he again appeared in the 2005 Scottish Challenge Cup Final, however this time he was on the winning side as St. Mirren defeated Hamilton Academical 2–1.^[12] He was also part of the team that won the First Division title in May 2006.^[9] In total he made thirty-seven appearances and scored nine goals for the Buddies during a very successful stint in Paisley. Charlie became attached to the club and still comes to St Mirren Park to take in games and support the players in his free time.

Rangers first team[link]

After playing for Rangers during a July 2006 pre-season trip to South Africa, including scoring a hat-trick against a Jomo Select side,^[13] Adam began the 2006–07 season with the club, and he started in their first league match against Motherwell.^[14] He continued to be a regular for Rangers as the season progressed, and scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 UEFA Cup win over Livorno on 19 October.^[15] This was one of fourteen goals Adam scored that season, including strikes against Israeli sides Hapoel Tel Aviv^[16] and Maccabi Haifa,^[17] as well as a goal in an end-of-season Old Firm match from a free-kick.^[18] On 16 April 2007, at the end of his first season in the first team, Adam was voted by Rangers fans as the club's Young Player of the Year at an award ceremony.^[19]

On 28 June 2007, it was announced that Adam had signed a new five-year contract with Rangers.^[20] Adam had scored his first UEFA Champions League goal on 19 September against VfB Stuttgart, and his second in the return fixture.^[21] Adam played against Panathinaikos and Werder Bremen in Rangers run to the 2008 UEFA Cup Final where he was an unused substitute. Rangers lost 2-0 to Zenit St Petersburg.

Loan to Blackpool[link]

On 2 February 2009, Adam signed on loan with English Championship club Blackpool until the end of the 2008–09 season.^[9] Five days later, he was sent off on his debut for the Seasiders during a 3–2 defeat by Doncaster Rovers at Bloomfield Road.^[22]

On 25 February, after serving a three-match suspension, Adam scored twice, including a goal from just inside the halfway line, for the club's reserve team as they beat Accrington Stanley 4–2.^[23][24] Adam scored his first Football League goal for Tony Parkes's men in a 2–0 victory over Norwich City at Bloomfield Road on 7 March.^[25] Two days later he was named in the Football League's "Championship Team of the Week".^[26] His second goal for Blackpool came on 11 April in their 1–0 West Lancashire derby win over Preston North End at Deepdale. Blackpool's then-caretaker manager Tony Parkes publicly admitted he was keen to sign Adam permanently. He said, "I have spoken to our club secretary and we will be in touch with Rangers to see if we can do a deal for Charlie".^[27] At the end of the season, after two goals in 13 appearances, he returned to Rangers.

On 6 July 2009, Rangers confirmed that they had accepted a bid of £500,000 from Blackpool and that he was set to sign for the Seasiders the following day, subject to personal terms being agreed.^[28] The following day, Blackpool manager Ian Holloway confirmed a deal had been agreed with the Ibrox club, but stressed that talks with Adam would take place on 9 July, once Adam had spoken with Rangers manager Walter Smith.^[29] Four weeks later on 2 August, with Adam still a Rangers player and having been on their pre-season trip to Germany, Smith confirmed that the player was in talks with Blackpool, saying, "Adam is talking to Blackpool at the moment. The clubs have agreed a fee and it will be up to Charlie and his representative."^[30] The following day, the Daily Mail reported that Adam had signed for Blackpool on a three-year contract with an option for a further 12 months.^[31]

Blackpool[link]

Charlie Adam playing for Blackpool in the 2010 Football League Championship play-off Final

In August 2009 Adam signed a two-year contract with Blackpool with the option of a further year, in a club-record transfer fee of £500,000.^[32] His competitive debut as a permanent Blackpool player was in a 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road later that month.^[33] His first goal came on 26 August in a 4–1 home win over Wigan Athletic in the League Cup.^[34]

In January 2010 he was named in the Press Association's Championship "Team of the Week", along with team-mate Neal Eardley following his performance two days before in the 3–2 home victory over Watford.^[35][36] That same month Adam won the Championship Player of the Month award^[37] and was voted the PFA Championship Fans’ Player of the Month for January 2010. In March, Adam scored in his 50th league appearance for Blackpool, a 2–0 win at Plymouth Argyle. Just under a month later, Adam was named in the PFA "Championship Team of the Year".^[38]

Blackpool qualified for that season's play-offs. Adam scored a match-winning penalty against Nottingham Forest in the semi-final first leg,^[39] and Blackpool won the tie on aggregate. In the play-off final Adam scored a free-kick as Blackpool beat Cardiff City 3–2 at Wembley Stadium and gained promotion to the Premier League.^[40]

Adam during Blackpool's 2010–11 Premier League campaign.

In the fourth week of the 2010–11 Premier League season, Adam was named in the official Team of the Week.^[41] He was named again in week seven, alongside teammate Luke Varney.^[42] In early December, a tribunal ruled in favour of Adam in a dispute over unpaid bonuses from the previous season. They found that Blackpool were required to pay the player £25,000 for successfully avoiding relegation to League 1. The club had argued that the promotion bonus (which had been stipulated in Adam's contract) superseded the 'survival bonus.' The panel upheld Adam's complaint, but did not agree with his second argument that the failure to pay the amount constituted a breach of contract on the club's part. As a result, both parties were responsible for their own legal fees - leaving Adam with a very small net gain from the venture.^[43]

In January 2011, Blackpool rejected a £4.5 million bid to buy Adam from Liverpool, an amount described by manager Ian Holloway as "disgraceful".^[44] Blackpool then rejected a transfer request that Adam had made to the club.^[45] He was one of seven nominees for the 2010–11 PFA Players' Player of the Year.^[46] However, Adam and his Blackpool team mates were relegated at the season's end.

In May 2011, Blackpool activated an option to increase Adam's contract by a further twelve months.^[47]

Liverpool[link]

Adam training for Liverpool in 2011

In July 2011 Liverpool signed Adam from Blackpool for a fee of £7 million after having their initial bid rejected.^[48] He played the second half of Liverpool's friendly against Guangdong Sunray Cave in a 4–3 win on 13 July.^[49] On 13 August 2011, Adam made his full debut in Liverpool's first game of the 2011–12 Premier League, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1-1 draw against Sunderland at Anfield.^[50] There, he assisted the opening goal from Luis Suárez from a free kick outside the area. On Saturday 20 August 2011, he started and played the full 90 minutes against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium in a 2-0 away victory. On 24 August 2011, Adam started Liverpool's Carling Cup 2nd round tie with Exeter which finished 3-1 to the Reds. On 27 August 2011, Adam scored his first Premier League goal for Liverpool in a match against Bolton Wanderers which Liverpool went on to win 3-1.^[51] On 18 September 2011, Adam was shown a second yellow card for a challenge on Scott Parker in a 4-0 defeat at Tottenham Hotspur.^[52] As a result, Adam was suspended for the Carling Cup match against Brighton, which Liverpool won 2-1. Adam has since become a regular in the Liverpool starting eleven. On 26 February 2012, he helped Liverpool to win their first trophy since 2006 as they won the 2012 Carling Cup Final.

Club career statistics[link]

As of 23 March 2012

Notes

1 Scottish League Challenge Cup results included in totals ² Included in 2009–10 stats: 3 Football League play-off appearances, 2 goals

International career[link]

Adam was called up by national manager Alex McLeish to the Scotland squad for the first time on 11 May 2007 for a friendly against Austria and a Euro 2008 qualifying Group B match against the Faroe Islands.^[53] He made his debut at the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium in Vienna on 30 May as a 67th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 victory.^[54] He then made his competitive debut as a 77th-minute substitute in a 2–0 win over the Faroe Islands at the Svangaskarð stadium in Toftir on 6 June.^[55]

Adam was recalled to the Scotland squad by manager George Burley for a friendly against Japan on 10 October 2009 at the Nissan Stadium, Yokohama, Japan.^[56][57] Scotland lost the game 0–2, with Adam earning his third cap, and in doing so became the first Blackpool player to represent Scotland since Tony Green in 1971.^{[citation needed]}

On 10 November 2009, Adam was drafted into the Scotland squad for the friendly against Wales four days later.^[58] He replaced his former Rangers teammate Kevin Thomson, who pulled out due to illness. George Burley said of Adam: "He scored a cracking goal for Blackpool last weekend. He is a very good replacement. He has been playing consistently, is a quality player, and is getting a real benefit from playing regularly."^[59]

International goals[link]

Charlie Adam's International Goals
Goal	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1	10 August 2011	Hampden Park, Glasgow	Denmark	1–0	2–1	Friendly match

Honours[link]

Club[link]

St. Mirren

• Scottish First Division: 2005–06
• Scottish Challenge Cup: 2005–06

Blackpool

• Championship play-off: 2009–10

Liverpool

• Football League Cup: 2011–12

Individual[link]

• Championship PFA Team of the Year (1): 2009–10
• Championship Player of the Month (1): January 2010

References[link]

External links[link]

• Charlie Adam's profile at Liverpool F.C.'s official website
• Charlie Adam at scottishfa.co.uk
• Charlie Adam (debut) career stats at Soccerbase
• Charlie Adam career stats at Soccerbase