From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
July 28 is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 156 days remaining until the end of the year.
1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina .1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason . Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard , on the same day.1571 – La Laguna encomienda , known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomienda/province in the country.1794 – French Revolution : Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France .1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam .1809 – Peninsular War : Battle of Talavera – Sir Arthur Wellesley 's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte .1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain .1854 – USS Constellation (1854) , the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy , is commissioned.1864 – American Civil War : Battle of Ezra Church – Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia .1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln ).1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.1914 – World War I : Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand .1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army " of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C. 1933 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Spain are established.1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress .1938 – Hawaii Clipper Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper 1942 – World War II : Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into the Soviet Union. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishments including duty in a penal battalion, imprisonment in a gulag, or execution.1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah – The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.1948 – The Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport".1955 – The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France .1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya , western Kyushu, Japan , kills 992.1965 – Vietnam War : U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen : Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.1974 – Spetsgruppa A , Russia's elite special force, was formed.1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.1993 – Andorra joins the United Nations .1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington . Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man .2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championships.2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland .2008 – The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare burns down for the second time in 80 years.
1347 – Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1412)1643 – Antonio Tarsia , Slovenian composer (d. 1722)1635 – Robert Hooke , English physicist and chemist (d. 1703)1659 – Charles Ancillon , French jurist and diplomat (d. 1715)1746 – Thomas Heyward, Jr. , American politician (d. 1809)1750 – Fabre d'Églantine French actor, playwright, and politician (d. 1794)1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer , Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company (d. 1859)1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach , German anthropologist and philosopher (d. 1872)1815 – Stefan Dunjov , Bulgarian colonel (d. 1889)1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins , English priest and poet (d. 1889)1857 – Ballington Booth , English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (d. 1940)1860 – Elias M. Ammons , American politician, 19th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
1863 – Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski , Russian general (d. 1919)1866 – Beatrix Potter , English author and illustrator (d. 1943)1866 – Albertson Van Zo Post , American fencer (d. 1938)
1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine , American-Argentinian astronomer (d. 1951)1872 – Albert Sarraut , French politician, 106th Prime Minister of France (d. 1962)1874 – Ernst Cassirer , Polish-American philosopher and academic (d. 1945)1879 – Lucy Burns , American activist, co-founded the National Woman's Party (d. 1966)1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz , Polish painter (d. 1944)
1887 – Marcel Duchamp , French-American painter and sculptor (d. 1968)1887 – Willard Price , Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 1983)
1891 – Ron Oxenham , Australian cricketer (d. 1939)1892 – K. Kanagaratnam , Sri Lankan civil servant and politician (d. 1952)1893 – Rued Langgaard , Danish organist and composer (d. 1952)1896 – Barbara La Marr , American actress and screenwriter (d. 1926)1898 – Lawrence Gray , American actor and singer (d. 1970)1900 – Catherine Dale Owen , American actress (d. 1965)1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons , American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1979)1901 – Rudy Vallée , American singer, actor, and saxophonist (d. 1986)
1902 – Karl Popper , Austrian-English philosopher and academic (d. 1994)1907 – Earl Tupper , American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (d. 1983)1909 – Malcolm Lowry , English author and poet (d. 1957)1909 – Aenne Burda German publisher (d. 2005)1914 – Carmen Dragon , American conductor and composer (d. 1984)1915 – Charles Hard Townes , American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)1916 – David Brown , American journalist and producer (d. 2010)1920 – Preben Mahrt , Danish actor (d. 1989)1920 – Andrew V. McLaglen , English-American director and producer (d. 2014)
1922 – Jacques Piccard , Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer (d. 2008)1923 – Ray Ellis , American conductor and producer (d. 2008)1924 – Luigi Musso , Italian racing driver (d. 1958)1928 – C. T. Vivian , American minister, author, and activist
1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg , American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)1926 – Charlie Biddle , American-Canadian bassist (d. 2003)1927 – John Ashbery , American poet and academic1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis , American journalist, 37th First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)1930 – Firoza Begum , Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)1930 – Junior Kimbrough , American singer and guitarist (d. 1998)
1930 – Jean Roba , Belgian author and illustrator (d. 2006)
1930 – Ramsey Muir Withers , Canadian general (d. 2014)
1931 – Alan Brownjohn , English poet and author1931 – Johnny Martin , Australian cricketer (d. 1992)
1932 – Natalie Babbitt , American author and illustrator1933 – Charlie Hodge , Canadian ice hockey player and scout1934 – Jacques d'Amboise , American dancer and choreographer1934 – Lau Kar-leung , Chinese actor, martial artist, and director (d. 2013)
1935 – Simon Dee , English talk show host (d. 2009)1935 – Neil McKendrick , English historian and academic
1936 – Russ Jackson , Canadian football player and coach1936 – Garfield Sobers , Barbadian cricketer
1937 – Francis Veber , French director and screenwriter1938 – Luis Aragonés , Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2014)1938 – Alberto Fujimori , Peruvian politician, 90th President of Peru
1938 – Chuan Leekpai , Thai politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
1938 – Ian McCaskill , Scottish meteorologist
1939 – Richard Johns , English air marshal1940 – Philip Proctor , American voice actor and screenwriter1941 – Peter Cullen , Canadian voice actor and singer1941 – Riccardo Muti , Italian conductor
1941 – Susan Roces , Filipino actress and producer
1942 – Marty Brennaman , American sportscaster1942 – Tonia Marketaki , Greek director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
1943 – Mike Bloomfield , American guitarist and songwriter (The Electric Flag ) (d. 1981)1943 – Bill Bradley , American basketball player and politician
1943 – Richard Wright , English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Pink Floyd ) (d. 2008)
1945 – Jim Davis , American cartoonist, created Garfield 1946 – Jonathan Edwards , American singer-songwriter and guitarist1946 – Linda Kelsey , American actress
1946 – Fahmida Riaz , Pakistani poet and activist
1947 – Sally Struthers , American actress and singer1948 – Gerald Casale , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and director (Devo and Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers )1948 – Georgia Engel , American actress
1948 – Eiichi Ohtaki , Japanese singer-songwriter and producer (Happy End ) (d. 2013)
1949 – Vida Blue , American baseball player and sportscaster1949 – Peter Doyle , Australian singer and guitarist (The New Seekers ) (d. 2001)
1949 – Steve Peregrin Took , English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Tyrannosaurus Rex , Pink Fairies , Shagrat , Steve Took's Horns ) (d. 1980)
1949 – Randall Wallace , American screenwriter and producer
1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari , Iranian singer-songwriter1951 – Santiago Calatrava , Spanish architect and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex 1951 – Doug Collins , American basketball player and coach
1952 – Vajiralongkorn , Thai prince1954 – Bruce Abbott , American actor1954 – Hugo Chávez , Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
1954 – Gerd Faltings , German mathematician and academic
1954 – Steve Morse , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dixie Dregs , Deep Purple , Living Loud , Angelfire , Kansas , and Flying Colors )
1954 – Mikey Sheehy , Irish footballer
1955 – Nikolay Zimyatov , Russian skier1956 – John Feinstein , American journalist and author1956 – Robert Swan , English explorer
1958 – Terry Fox , Canadian runner and activist (d. 1981)1958 – Michael Hitchcock , American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1959 – William T. Vollmann , American journalist and author1960 – Luiz Fernando Carvalho , Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter1960 – Jon J. Muth , American author and illustrator
1960 – Yōichi Takahashi , Japanese illustrator
1961 – Yannick Dalmas , French race car driver1961 – Aleksandr Kurlovich , Belarusian weightlifter
1961 – Helmen Kütt , Estonian politician
1961 – Harlem Yu , Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
1962 – Rachel Sweet , American actress, singer, producer, and screenwriter1963 – Beverley Craven , Sri Lankan-English singer-songwriter and pianist1964 – Lori Loughlin , American actress, producer, and screenwriter1965 – Priscilla Chan , Hong Kong singer1965 – Delfeayo Marsalis , American trombonist and producer
1966 – Paul Loughlin , English rugby player1966 – Shikao Suga , Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
1967 – Taka Hirose , Japanese bass player (Feeder )1969 – Alexis Arquette , American actress1969 – Jón Arnar Magnússon , Icelandic decathlete
1969 – Garth Snow , American ice hockey player and manager
1969 – Dana White , American businessman
1970 – Michael Amott , Swedish guitarist and songwriter (Arch Enemy , Spiritual Beggars , Candlemass , Carcass , and Carnage )1970 – Isabelle Brasseur , Canadian figure skater
1970 – Paul Strang , Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
1971 – Stephen Lynch , American singer-songwriter and actor1971 – Annie Perreault , Canadian speed skater
1972 – Elizabeth Berkley , American actress1972 – Robert Chapman , English cricketer
1972 – Yum Jung-ah , South Korean actress
1972 – Ayesha Jhulka , Indian actress
1972 – Ed Templeton , American skateboarder
1973 – Marc Dupré , Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist1973 – Steve Staios , Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – Afroman , American rapper1974 – Alexis Tsipras , Greek politician
1975 – Leonor Watling , Spanish actress and singer (Marlango )1976 – Jacoby Shaddix , American singer-songwriter (Papa Roach and Fight the Sky )1977 – Aki Berg , Finnish ice hockey player1977 – Manu Ginóbili , Argentinian basketball player
1978 – Jacob Oram , New Zealand cricketer1978 – Hitomi Yaida , Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – Henrik Hansen , Danish footballer1979 – Birgitta Haukdal , Icelandic singer-songwriter and producer (Írafár )
1979 – Stefanie Küster , Paraguayan-German model, actress, and dancer
1979 – Lee Min-woo , South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor (Shinhwa )
1979 – James Piotr Montague , English journalist and author
1979 – Alena Popchanka , French swimmer
1980 – Darina , Mexican singer-songwriter1980 – Harumi Nemoto , Japanese model
1980 – Noel Sullivan , Welsh singer and actor (Hear'Say )
1980 – Anthony Weaver , American football player
1981 – Nancy Alexiadi , Greek singer1981 – Michael Carrick , English footballer
1981 – Dave Rosin , Canadian guitarist and singer (Hedley )
1981 – Jo In-sung , South Korean actor
1981 – Bi Wenjing , Chinese gymnast
1982 – Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir , Icelandic singer and actress1982 – Cain Velasquez , American MMA fighter
1983 – Dhanush , Indian actor and singer1983 – Cody Hay , Canadian figure skater
1983 – Olavi Uusivirta , Finnish singer-songwriter and actor
1984 – Zach Parise , American ice hockey player1985 – Mathieu Debuchy , French footballer1985 – Dustin Milligan , Canadian actor
1985 – Darren Murphy , Irish footballer
1985 – Sharifah Sofia , English-Malaysian actress
1986 – Alexandra Chando , American actress1986 – Lauri Korpikoski , Finnish ice hockey player
1986 – Huma Qureshi , Indian actress
1987 – Sumire , Japanese model (d. 2009)1987 – Yasser Corona , Mexican footballer
1987 – Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma , Spanish footballer
1987 – Yevhen Khacheridi , Ukrainian-Greek footballer
1988 – Natasha Nice , French-American porn actress1989 – Felipe Kitadai , Brazilian martial artist1990 – Soulja Boy , American rapper, producer, and actor1990 – Simone Pizzuti , Italian footballer
1992 – Spencer Boldman , American actor1993 – Harry Kane , English footballer1993 – Cher Lloyd , English singer-songwriter
450 – Theodosius II , Roman emperor (b. 401)1057 – Pope Victor II (b. 1018)1128 – William Clito , English son of Sybilla of Conversano (b. 1102)1230 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (b. 1176)1285 – Keran, Queen of Armenia 1527 – Rodrigo de Bastidas , Spanish explorer, founded the city of Santa Marta (b. 1460)1540 – Thomas Cromwell , English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1495)1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis , Spanish playwright (b. 1569)1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac , French poet and playwright (b. 1619)1667 – Abraham Cowley , English poet (b. 1618)1675 – Bulstrode Whitelocke , English lawyer and politician (b. 1605)1685 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington , English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1618)1718 – Étienne Baluze , French scholar and academic (b. 1630)1741 – Antonio Vivaldi , Italian violinist and composer (b. 1678)1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach , German organist and composer (b. 1685)1762 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe , English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (b. 1691)1794 – Maximilien de Robespierre , French lawyer and politician (b. 1758)1794 – Louis Antoine de Saint-Just , French soldier and politician (b. 1767)
1809 – Richard Beckett , English cricketer and captain (b.1772)1818 – Gaspard Monge , French mathematician and engineer (b. 1746)1835 – Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise , French general and politician, 15th Prime Minister of France (b. 1768)1836 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild , German-English banker and financier (b. 1777)1842 – Clemens Brentano , German author and poet (b. 1778)1844 – Joseph Bonaparte , French brother of Napoleon (b. 1768)1849 – Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně , Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)1878 – George Law Curry , American publisher and politician (b. 1820)1895 – Edward Beecher , American minister and theologian (b. 1803)1917 – Waldemar Tietgens , German rower (b. 1879)1930 – John DeWitt , American hammer thrower (b. 1881)1930 – Allvar Gullstrand , Swedish ophthalmologist and optician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
1933 – Nishinoumi Kajirō III , Japanese sumo wrestler, 30th yokozuna (b. 1890)1934 – Marie Dressler , Canadian-American actress and singer (b. 1868)1934 – Louis Tancred , South African cricketer (b. 1876)
1935 – Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)1935 – John Rahm , American golfer (b. 1854)
1942 – Flinders Petrie , English archaeologist and academic (b. 1853)1957 – Edith Abbott , American economist, social worker, and educator (b. 1876)1957 – Isaac Heinemann , German-Israeli scholar and academic (b. 1876)
1965 – Edogawa Ranpo , Japanese author and critic (b. 1894)1965 – Attallah Suheimat , Jordanian politician (b. 1875)1967 – Karl W. Richter , American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1942)1968 – Otto Hahn , German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)1969 – Ramón Grau , Cuban physician and politician, 6th President of Cuba (b. 1882)1969 – Frank Loesser , American composer (b. 1910)
1971 – Lawrence Moore Cosgrave , Canadian colonel and diplomat (b. 1890)1971 – Myril Hoag , American baseball player (b. 1908)
1971 – Charles E. Pont , French-American minister and painter (b. 1898)
1972 – Helen Traubel , American soprano and actress (b. 1903)1972 – Charu Majumdar , Indian activist (b. 1918)
1979 – Don Miller , American football player and coach (b. 1902)1979 – Charles Shadwell , English conductor and bandleader (b. 1898)
1981 – Stanley Rother , American priest and missionary (b. 1935)1982 – Keith Green , American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1953)1990 – Jill Esmond , English actress (b. 1908)1992 – Sulev Nõmmik , Estonian actor and director (b. 1931)1996 – Roger Tory Peterson , American ornithologist and educator (b. 1908)1997 – Rosalie Crutchley , English actress (b. 1920)1997 – Seni Pramoj , Thai lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
1998 – Zbigniew Herbert , Polish poet and author (b. 1924)1998 – Lenny McLean , English boxer, actor, and author (b. 1949)
1998 – Consalvo Sanesi , Italian racing driver (b. 1911)
1999 – Trygve Haavelmo , Norwegian economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)2000 – Abraham Pais , Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)2001 – Ahmed Sofa , Bangladeshi poet, author, and critic (b. 1943)2002 – Archer John Porter Martin , English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)2003 – Valerie Goulding , Irish activist and politician (b. 1918)2004 – Francis Crick , English biologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)2004 – Sam Edwards , American actor (b. 1915)
2004 – Eugene Roche , American actor (b. 1928)
2004 – Tiziano Terzani , Italian journalist and author (b. 1938)
2006 – Patrick Allen , Malawian-English actor (b. 1927)2006 – David Gemmell , English author (b. 1948)
2007 – Karl Gotch , Belgian-American wrestler (b. 1924)2007 – Jim LeRoy , American soldier and pilot (b. 1961)
2008 – Suzanne Tamim , Lebanese singer (b. 1977)2009 – Reverend Ike , American minister (b. 1935)2009 – Jim Johnson , American football player and coach (b. 1941)
2010 – Ivy Bean , English centenarian (b. 1905)2010 – George P. Lee , American religious leader (b. 1943)
2011 – Abdul Fatah Younis , Libyan general (b. 1944)2012 – Adam Cullen , Australian painter (b. 1965)2012 – Sepp Mayerl , Austrian mountaineer (b. 1937)
2012 – William F. Milliken, Jr. , American race car driver and engineer (b. 1911)
2013 – Mustafa Adrisi , Ugandan general and politician, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)2013 – Eileen Brennan , American actress and singer (b. 1932)
2013 – Rita Reys , Dutch singer (b. 1924)
2013 – William Scranton , American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1917)
2013 – Ersilio Tonini , Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
2014 – Margot Adler , American journalist and author (b. 1946)2014 – Alex Forbes , Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1925)
2014 – Alakbar Mammadov , Azerbaijani footballer and manager (b. 1930)
2014 – James Shigeta , American actor and singer (b. 1929)
2014 – Theodore Van Kirk , American soldier, pilot, and navigator (b. 1921)
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