Anders Behring Breivik is the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks that killed 77 people. On 22 July 2011, he bombed government buildings in Oslo, killing eight people. He then killed 69 more people, mostly teenagers, in a mass shooting at a Workers' Youth League camp on the island of Utøya. In August 2012 Breivik was convicted of mass murder, causing a fatal explosion, and terrorism. On the day of the attacks, Breivik electronically distributed a compendium of texts entitled "2083: A European Declaration of Independence", describing his far-right militant ideology. In them, he lays out a worldview encompassing Islamophobia, support for "far-right Zionism" and opposition to feminism. The texts call Islam and Cultural Marxism "the enemy", argue for the violent annihilation of "Eurabia" and multiculturalism and advocate deportation of all Muslims from Europe based on the model of the Beneš decrees. Breivik wrote that his main motive for the atrocities was to market his manifesto. Two teams of court-appointed forensic psychiatrists examined Breivik before his trial. The first report diagnosed Breivik as a paranoid schizophrenic. A second psychiatric evaluation concluded that Breivik was not psychotic during the attacks nor during the evaluation. He was instead diagnosed as having a narcissistic personality disorder. On August 24, 2012, the Oslo District Court issued findings that Breivik was sane, and guilty of murdering 77 people. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, in a form of preventive detention that required a minimum of 10 years incarceration and the possibility of an extension of that incarceration for as long as he is deemed a danger to society. He will likely remain in prison for the remainder of his life.

• published: 14 Nov 2014
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