Name | Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher |
---|---|
Caption | Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on the 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. |
Birth date | July 11, 1903 |
Birth place | Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom |
Death date | November 16, 1971 |
Death place | Moscow, Russia |
Other names | Rudolf Ivanovich Abel |
Known for | Cold War Russian Spy |
Occupation | Language Expert) was a noted Soviet intelligence officer. He is generally better known by the alias Rudolf Abel, which he adopted on his arrest. |
Name | Fisher, Vilyam Genrikovich |
Date of birth | July 11, 1903 |
Place of birth | Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom |
Date of death | November 16, 1971 |
Place of death | Moscow, Russia |
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Olav V |
---|---|
Succession | King of Norway |
Reign | 21 September 1957 - 17 January 1991 () |
Coronation | June 22, 1958 |
Cor-type | Consecration |
Othertitles | HM The King of NorwayHRH The Crown Prince of NorwayHH Prince Alexander of Denmark |
Full name | Olav, né Alexander Edward Christian Frederik |
Predecessor | Haakon VII |
Successor | Harald V |
Spouse | Princess Märtha of Sweden |
Issue | Princess RagnhildPrincess AstridHarald V of Norway |
House | House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg |
Anthem | Kongesangen |
Father | Haakon VII of Norway |
Mother | Maud of Wales |
Birth date | July 02, 1903 |
Birth place | Sandringham Estate, Norfolk, England |
Death date | January 17, 1991 |
Death place | Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway |
Date of burial | 30 January 1991 |
Place of burial | Akershus Castle, Oslo |
Olav V (2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was the king of Norway from 1957 until his death.
A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of Prince Carl of Denmark and Princess Maud of the United Kingdom and given the names Alexander Edward Christian Frederik. He became Crown Prince and heir-apparent to the throne of Norway when his father was elected king in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his royal duties, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first and second cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden. During World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. Succeeding to the throne in 1957, he enjoyed a very high level of popularity and respect throughout his reign, in which he was able to balance regality and approachability. Upon his death in 1991, the Norwegian public displayed a great demonstration of mourning. At his death, he was the last surviving grandchild of Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexandra of Denmark.
Olav was the first heir to the throne since medieval times to grow up in Norway. He graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, and went on to study jurisprudence and economics at Balliol College, Oxford.
During the 1930s, Crown Prince Olav was a naval cadet serving on the minelayer/cadet training ship Olav Tryggvason.
He was an accomplished athlete. Olav jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo, and also competed in sailing regattas. He won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age.
On 21 March 1929 in Oslo, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had one son, Harald, and two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid. As exiles during World War II, Crown Princess Märtha and the Royal children lived in Washington, D.C., where she struck up a close friendship with Franklin D. Roosevelt. She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne.
The British Film Institute houses an early film, made in 1913, in which a miniature car commissioned by Queen Alexandra for the Crown Prince Olav tows a procession of Londoners through the streets of the capital, before being delivered to a pair of 'royal testers' of roughly Olav's age.
During World War II, Olav stood by his father's side in resisting the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. During the campaign he was a valuable advisor both to civilian and military leaders. When the Norwegian government decided to go into exile, he offered to stay behind with the Norwegian people, but this was declined. He followed his father to the United Kingdom, where he continued to be a key advisor to the government-in-exile and his father.
During the war, Olav made several visits to Norwegian and Allied troops in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. In 1944, he was appointed to the post of Norwegian Chief of Defence and after the war he led the Norwegian disarmament of the German occupying forces. His war decorations from other nations, including the War Crosses of Norway, France, Greece and the Netherlands, the US Legion of Merit and the French Médaille Militaire, are testament to the international recognition of his contribution to the war against Hitler.
For his athletic ability and role as King, Olav V earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1968. He had a strong interest in military matters and took his role as titular Commander-in-Chief very seriously. As well as his ceremonial roles in the Norwegian Army, he also served as Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Yorkshire Regiment), the British regiment named for his grandmother Queen Alexandra.
The King represented Norway extensively abroad during his reign, conducting state visits to both neighbouring countries and more distant destinations such as Ethiopia.
King Olav V opened the 14th World Scout Jamboree in July 1975 in the presence of 17,259 Scouts from 94 countries.
During the summer of 1990, the King suffered from health problems, but recovered somewhat during Christmas the same year. On 17 January 1991, while residing in the Royal Lodge Kongsseteren in Oslo, he became ill and died in the evening of a myocardial infarction. An interview given by King Harald V, and hints in a biography by Jo Benkow, who was the president of the parliament in that time, mention the possibility that King Olav suffered a great trauma during the outbreak of the first Gulf War. Olav's son Harald V succeeded him as King.
The night after he died, and for several days up until the state funeral, Norway saw a great demonstration of mourning as Norwegians lit hundreds of thousands of candles in the courtyard outside the Royal Palace in Oslo, with letters and cards placed amongst them. The National Archives have preserved all these cards.
Olav and his wife Märtha are buried in the green sarcophagus in the Royal Mausoleum at Akershus Fortress.
Category:Norwegian monarchs Category:House of Glücksburg (Norway) Category:Norwegian people of World War II Category:Danish princes Category:Norwegian princes Category:Norwegian ski jumpers Category:Norwegian sailors Category:Olympic sailors of Norway Category:Sailors at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic gold medalists for Norway Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Category:Crown Princes of Norway Category:Protestant monarchs Category:Royal Olympic medalists Category:Royal Air Force officers holding honorary commissions Category:Royal Olympic participants Category:Holmenkollen medalists Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece Category:Knights of the Elephant Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit Category:Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Leopold (Belgium) Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France) Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon Category:Recipients of the Médaille Militaire Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Category:Recipients of the War Medal (Norway) Category:Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin Category:Recipients of the Decoration of Honour for Merit Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rose Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Chile) Category:Recipients of the Order of Solomon Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Redeemer Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saints George and Constantine Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Greece) Category:Recipients of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Category:Recipients of the Order of the Aztec Eagle Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Netherlands) Category:Recipients of the Medaille d'Installation Solennelle Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sun (Peru) Category:Recipients of the Order of Aviz Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania Category:Recipients of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order Category:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece Category:Recipients of the Order of the Seraphim Category:Recipients of the Order of Independence Category:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Star Category:Honorary Knights of the Thistle Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog Category:Royal Norwegian Order of Merit Category:Recipients of the Norwegian War Cross with Sword Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao Category:Grand Crosses with Collar of the Order of Charles III Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tadj Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav Category:Recipients of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal Category:Recipients of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau Category:Recipients of the Order of Independence (Tunisia) Category:Norwegian people of German descent Category:Norwegian people of English descent Category:1903 births Category:1991 deaths Category:Burials at Akershus Fortress Category:Royal Navy admirals of the fleet
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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