Malayalam (pronounced /mæləˈjɑːləm/; മലയാളം, malayāḷam ?, IPA: [mɐləjaːɭəm]), is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Kerala. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages, and was spoken by 33 million people in 2001. Malayalam is also spoken in the Nilgiris district, Kanyakumari district and Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore and Kodagu districts of Karnataka.
Malayalam most likely originated from Middle Tamil (Sen-Tamil-Malayalam) in the 6th century. An alternative theory proposes a split in even more ancient times. In either case, Malayalam incorporated many elements from Sanskrit through the ages and today over eighty percent of the vocabulary of Malayalam in scholarly usage is from Sanskrit. Before Malayalam came into being, Old Tamil was used in literature and courts of a region called Tamilakam, including present day Kerala state, a famous example being Silappatikaram.Silappatikaram was written by Chera prince Ilango Adigal from Cochin is considered a classic among Sangam literature. Modern Malayalam still preserves many words from the ancient Tamil vocabulary of Sangam literature. The earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vattezhuttu script, and later the Kolezhuttu, which derived from it. As Malayalam began to freely borrow words as well as the rules of grammar from Sanskrit, Grantha script was adopted for writing and came to be known as Arya Ezhuttu. This developed into the modern Malayalam script. Many medieval liturgical texts were written in an admixture of Sanskrit and early Malayalam, termed as Manipravalam. The oldest literary work in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th and 11th century.
Prithviraj Sukumaran (born 16 October 1982 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala) credited mononymously as Prithviraj, is an Indian film actor and producer best known for his work in Malayalam cinema.
He made his debut in 2002 in the Malayalam film Nandanam, and has since acted in more than sixty films, notably Stop Violence (2002), Swapnakoodu (2003), Akale (2004), Classmates (2006), Vaasthavam (2006), Chocolate (2007), Thirakkatha (2008), Santosh Sivan's Urumi (2011) and Indian Rupee (2011). He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Vaasthavam.
Prithviraj made his debut in Tamil cinema through Kana Kandaen in 2005. His other notable films in Tamil are Parijatham (2005), Mozhi (2007) and Mani Ratnam's Raavanan (2010). His debut in Telugu films was through Police Police in 2010. Prithviraj is debuting in Hindi films through Aiyaa (2012) for which shooting is currently progressing.
As a producer he started his production company, August Cinema, along with Santosh Sivan and Shaji Natesan. August cinema has produced the films Urumi and Indian Rupee.