Postmodernism is a range of conceptual frameworks and ideologies that are defined in opposition to those commonly associated with ideologies of modernity and modernist notions of knowledge and science, such as formalism, materialism, metaphysics, positivism, realism, reductionism, and structuralism. Postmodernism is not a philosophical movement, but rather a number of philosophical and critical methods. In other words, postmodernism is not a method of doing philosophy, but rather a way of approaching traditional ideas and practices in non-traditional ways that deviate from pre-established superstructural modes. This has caused difficulties in defining what postmodernism means and it therefore remains a controversial concept.

Postmodernism postulates that many, if not all, apparent realities are only social constructs and are therefore subject to change. It claims that there is no absolute truth and that the way people perceive the world is subjective and emphasises the role of language, power relations, and motivations in the formation of ideas and beliefs. In particular it attacks the use of sharp binary classifications such as male versus female, straight versus gay, white versus black, and imperial versus colonial; it holds realities to be plural and relative, and to be dependent on who the interested parties are and the nature of these interests. Postmodernist approaches therefore often consider the ways in which social dynamics, such as power and hierarchy, affect human conceptualizations of the world to have important effects on the way knowledge is constructed and used. In contrast to modernism, postmodernist thought often emphasizes constructivism, idealism, pluralism, relativism, and scepticism in its approaches to knowledge and understanding.

Sara Niemietz (born 1992) is an American singer/songwriter and actress based in Los Angeles.

Born in Chicago, Niemietz currently resides in Los Angeles. She graduated in 2010, having been active in the Theatre Department at Saugus High School. In addition to cultivating her professional career, Niemietz played Luisa in the school's production of The Fantasticks during her senior year.

Delivering Chicago and Broadway theatre performances, beginning at age 9, Niemietz continued her career in California with television roles, film roles, soundtrack productions, music CDs and a role in Jason Robert Brown's musical, "13" at the Mark Taper Forum, Sara also maintained an "A" level GPA through High School.

Niemietz first appeared on stage at age 4, when BJ Thomas helped Sara on to the stage. On video, BJ Thomas appears delighted that Sara seems completely at ease with singing his signature song in front of an audience. Thomas can be heard to say, "I can't believe she knows the words!" and later repeats an inaudible comment from the audience, "...she knows all my songs?" The title of the song was, "Hooked on a Feeling"

Justin Drew Bieber ( /ˈbiːbər/ BEE-bər, born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian Pop/R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor. Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun, who came across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher, and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid. Bieber's debut single, "One Time", was released in 2009 and peaked in the top twenty in Canada and charted in the top thirty in several international markets. His debut album, the seven-track EP My World, followed in November 2009, and was soon certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the Billboard Hot 100.