- published: 12 Oct 2014
- views: 10686
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World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening, a Lieutenant introduces Col. Henson Langdon Robinson, chief of OSS Schools and Training, who speaks briefly before the training film begins.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning...
Origin
Prior to the formation of the OSS, American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. It had no overall direction, coordination, or control. The US Army and US Navy had separate code-breaking departments: Signals Intelligence Service and OP-20-G... The FBI was responsible for domestic security and anti-espionage operations.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies. On the suggestion of William Stephenson, the senior British intelligence officer in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt requested that William J. Donovan draft a plan for an intelligence service based on the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and Special Operations Executive. Colonel Donovan was employed to evaluate the global military position in order to offer suggestions concerning American intelligence requirements because the U.S. did not have a central intelligence agency. After submitting his work, "Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information," Colonel Donovan was appointed as the "Co-ordinator of Information" on July 11, 1941 heading the new organization known as the office of the Coordinator of Information (COI). Thereafter the organization was developed with the assistance of the British... The British immediately made available their short-wave broadcasting capabilities to Europe, Africa and the Far East and provided equipment for agents until American production was established.
The Office of Strategic Services was established by a Presidential military order issued by President Roosevelt on June 13, 1942, to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies...
After victory in Europe in May 1945, the OSS was better able to concentrate on operations in Japan. One month after the war was won in the Pacific Theater of Operations, on September 20, 1945, President Truman signed Executive Order 9621, which came into effect as of October 1, 1945. Thus in the following days from September 20, 1945, the functions of the OSS were split between the Department of State and the Department of War. The State Department received the Research and Analysis Branch of OSS which was renamed the Interim Research and Intelligence Service or (IRIS) and headed by U.S. Army Colonel Alfred McCormack. This was later renamed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research.
The War Department took over the Secret Intelligence (SI) and Counter-Espionage (X-2) Branches, which were then housed in a new office created for just this purpose—the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). The Secretary of War appointed Brigadier General John Magruder (formerly Donovan's Deputy Director for Intelligence in OSS) as the director to oversee the liquidation of the OSS, and more importantly, the preservation of the clandestine intelligence capability of the OSS.
In January 1946, President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) which was the direct precursor to the CIA. The assets of the SSU, which now constituted a streamlined "nucleus" of clandestine intelligence, was transferred to the CIG in mid-1946 and reconstituted as the Office of Special Operations (OSO). Next, the National Security Act of 1947 established the United States's first permanent peacetime intelligence agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, which then took up the functions of the OSS. The direct descendant of the paramilitary component of the OSS is the Special Activities Division of the CIA...
more at http://quickfound.net
"DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid detection should search occur. Undercover agents Fred and Steve go on mission to Enemiarea. R.1: Agent Frank hides microfilm under false callus on agent Steve's foot and Steve wears belt with coded message. Enemiarea secret police arrest Steve and take him to headquarters where counter agent and doctor perform body search. R.2: They use optical devices and chemical agents to search his clothes and other personal items. Enemiarea agents discover microfilm and message on belt."
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_search
A strip search is a practice of searching a person for weapons or other contraband suspected of being hidden on their body or inside their clothing, and not found by performing a frisk search, by requiring the person to remove some or all of his or her clothing. The search may involve an official performing an Intimate Person Search and inspecting their personal effects and body cavities (mouth, vagina, anus etc.). A strip search is more intrusive than a frisk and requires legal authority. Regulations covering strip searches vary considerably, and may be mandatory in some situations or discretionary in others...
Legality of strip searches
In North America, civil lawsuits, as well as criminal code changes against strip searches have usually been successful when a person is strip searched by someone of the opposite sex, especially in cases where a woman has been strip searched by a male guard or guards. The more disputed legal cases have often involved the presence of people of the other gender during a strip search. Some of these cases have been less successful because of the legal technicality of who was actually performing the strip search, i.e. if more than one guard is present, the search is often (legally) said to be being performed by the person or people giving the orders or instructions to the person or people being searched.
Another legal issue is that of blanket strip searches, such as in jails where detainees are routinely strip searched prior to conviction of a crime. Courts have often held that blanket strip searches are acceptable only for convicted persons. For detainees pending trial, there must be a reasonable suspicion that the detainees is in possession of weapons or other contraband before a strip search can be conducted. The same often holds true for other situations such as airport security personnel and customs officers, but the dispute often hinges on what constitutes reasonable suspicion.
Incidental strip searches
In order to bypass the legal reasonable suspicion requirement, and because strip searches can be humiliating, the search is often made less overt, as part of an intake process, that includes a mandatory shower. For example, many homeless shelters require a mandatory shower (supervised) prior to entry. Most prisons also include a mandatory shower along with a change of clothes. The shower serves to make the strip search less blatant as well as providing the additional benefit of removing contamination (in addition to removing weapons or other contraband). Many shelters require new arrivals to hand over all their clothing for a wash, as well as requiring them to have a shower. These rules also enable a discreet check for weapons or other contraband, with less legal implications, being less objectionable because the requirement is applied to everyone entering a facility. It is less offensive to clients than requiring them to undergo an overt strip search.
Security procedures at facilities that mine and process gold and other high value minerals may constitute an incidental strip search. At the end of the workday, miners must remove all work clothes before entering shower facility, then exit nude through a metal detector to a separate changeroom where street clothes are stored.
The courts have often held that requiring a person to have a shower as a condition of entry into a space (such as a prison, shelter, or the like) does not, in itself, constitute a strip search, even if the shower and surrounding space are so constructed as to afford visibility of the unclothed body by guards during the showering process...
- published: 05 Jan 2015
- views: 1739
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks: "Film Report: Describes activities of the Seabees during World War II. Rear Adm. Ben Moreel gives a brief prologue and epilogue. Pacific operations include base construction at Dutch Harbor and Attu in the Aleutians, landing operations, base and airfield construction, ship salvage, and malaria control at Guadalcanal, Rendova, and Munda in the Solomon Islands. Also shows base and dock construction in Scotland and Oran, Algeria, and pre-invasion plans for Italy. Scenes of Sicily invasion and landing at Salerno. Includes many battle scenes."
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabee
A Seabee is a member of the United States Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (CB). The word "Seabee" comes from initials "CB". The Seabees have a history of building bases, bulldozing and paving thousands of miles of roadway and airstrips, and accomplishing a myriad of other construction projects in a wide variety of military theaters dating back to World War II...
History
World War II
In December 1941, with U.S. involvement in war soon expected on both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, recommended establishing Naval Construction Battalions at a newly constructed base at Davisville, Rhode Island (part of North Kingstown). With the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into the war, he was given the go-ahead. The Davisville Advanced Base Depot became operational in June 1942. Camp Thomas, a personnel-receiving station on the base, was established in October of that year. It eventually contained 500 Quonset huts for personnel. On August 11, 1942, the Naval Construction Training Center, known as Camp Endicott, was commissioned at Davisville. The Camp trained over 100,000 Seabees during the Second World War.
In California in May 1942, a base for supporting the Naval Construction Force was established at Port Hueneme in Ventura County. This base became responsible for shipping massive amounts of equipment and material to the efforts in the Pacific.
The earliest Seabees were recruited from the civilian construction trades and were placed under the leadership of the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps. Because of the emphasis on experience and skill rather than physical standards, the average age of Seabees during WWII was 37.
More than 325,000 men served with the Seabees in World War II, fighting and building on six continents and more than 300 islands. In the Pacific, where most of the construction work was needed, the Seabees landed soon after the Marines and built major airstrips, bridges, roads, gasoline storage tanks, and Quonset huts for warehouses, hospitals, and housing. They often operated under fire and frequently were forced to take part in the fighting to defend themselves and their construction projects. In the Pacific Theater they built 111 major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100 m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5 million men and hospitals for 70,000 patients.
The Seabees were officially organized in the Naval Reserve on December 31, 1947.
With the general demobilization following the war, the Naval Construction Battalions (NCBs) were reduced to 3,300 men on active duty by 1950. Between 1949 and 1953, Naval Construction Battalions were organized into two types of units: Amphibious Construction Battalions (ACBs) and Mobile Construction Battalions (MCBs), which were later designated Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) in the early- to mid-1960s to eliminate confusion with Marine Corps Base (MCB) in Vietnam...
- published: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 953
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html
'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to try to provide a basic understanding of the social, economic, political and religious aspects of Japanese culture and how they effect national behavior. R.1: Illustrates the old, new, and western influences on Japanese culture. Scenes of gardens, home life, sports, dance, Shinto religious customs, and agriculture. R.2: Emphasizes the order, ritual, and ceremonial discipline that pervade all phases of Japanese life. Shows a dying man, theatrical performances, festivals and sport, events.'
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_people
The Japanese people (日本人 Nihonjin, Nipponjin) are an ethnic group native to Japan. Japanese make up 98.5% of the total population of their country. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人). The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato, Ainu, and Ryukyuan people...
Language
The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are sometimes suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan
The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogunate, until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji period...
Literature
Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. Indian literature also had an influence through the diffusion of Buddhism in Japan. Eventually, Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so.
Music
The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern. The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji 音 "on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment). Japan is the second largest music market in the world, behind the United States, and the largest in Asia, and most of the market is dominated by Japanese artists.
Local music often appears at karaoke venues, which is on lease from the record labels. Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western Music and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing...
- published: 26 Mar 2015
- views: 1464
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 2: http://youtu.be/bJ03LJjKPQs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 58953
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 1: http://youtu.be/sFqabDQvC5w
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 28942
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 18 Oct 2014
- views: 2564
more at http://quickfound.net/
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
Split with MKVmerge GUI (part of MKVToolNix), the same software can recombine the downloaded parts (in mp4 format): http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkI0WHve4eI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 7135
more at http://quickfound.net/
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
- published: 20 Feb 2016
- views: 17
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
-Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
Sections:
01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00
02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47
Total running time: 0:58:43
This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain.
Read by James Christopher
In addition to the reader, this audio book was produced by:
Dedicated Proof-Listener: TriciaG
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 7557
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operational Group's assistance in helping to organize and coordinate partisan activities in Italy during World War II. Describes the success of the mission; shows the 'Cayuga Team' at a briefing and parachuting, along with supplies, into the hilly Italian terrain."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://www.ossog.org/italy/cayuga.html
...Mission:
The original mission for CAYUGA was assigned to the Italian OG Headquarters on 2 December 1944 by directive of the Allied Fifteenth Army Group. OG directive to CAYUGA was to:
- a. Establish liaison with the COMMANDO UNICO (CU) of Parma and several bands of patriots in that area; to coordinate their operations, advise, train and assist with partisan operations and transmit to them operational missions as ordered.
- b. Target enemy communications, installations and troops in the area, particularly along the Bedonia-Borgo Taro-Berceto Road and La Spezia-Parma Highway (No.62).
- c. Transmit to OG Headquarters all enemy intelligence information from all sources.
- d. Prevent friction within and between partisan bands.
- e. Attempt integration into a single command of the 1st and 2nd Julia Brigades, 31st and 32nd Garibaldi Brigades and the Beretta Band of the Parma CU; and consider adding to that command other independent bands west of Highway 62 that are not affiliated with the Picenza CU or the 1st Ligurian Division.
- f. Arrange through OG Headquarters for all air supply drops for all partisan bands in this general area.
- g. Cooperate with other Allied military missions which may be encountered.
Summary:
18 December 1944 Section was briefed for a scheduled 19 December departure which was forced to turn back due to bad weather. On 27 December they parachuted into ALBERTO drop zone (DZ) in three separate sticks led by Capt. Formichelli, T/Sgt. Alessi and S/Sgt. DiSilvestro - with Capt. Formichelli and T/Sgt Alessi receiving minor injuries because of hard snow and scattered trees where they landed.
Section was met by 1st Beretta Brigade which later gave ready access to the CU Headquarters and provided introduction to all of the CU units. After Capt Formicelli made individual assignments of Section members to the brigades, the OGs first made reconnaissance of their areas to identify ambush and other targets. And as air drops were received, they oversaw the distribution of those supplies and gave the partisans instructions on the use and care of the weapons and the tactics of guerilla and sabotage operations. To maintain communications between Section Headquarters and the various partisan units the OGs used messengers, sometimes telephone and later "300 sets".
Between 27 December 1944 when CAYUGA was deployed, and 10 May 1945 when they returned to base, the Section with help of the CHOCTAW Mission which joined them 2 April 1945 ( see separate CHOCTAW summary), received and distributed 76 air drops of supplies...
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 847
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
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Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
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- published: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 1370
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and it was a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces.
Prior to the formation of the OSS (the American version of the British Secret Intelligence Service and Special Operations Executive), American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. They had no overall direction, coordination, or control. The U.S. Army and U.S. Navy had separate code-breaking departments (Signals Intelligence Service and OP-20-G). Also, the original code-breaking operation of the State Department, MI-8, run by Herbert Yardley, had been shut down in 1929 by Secretary of State Henry Stimson, deeming it an inappropriate function for the diplomatic arm, because "gentlemen don't read each other's mail".
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
The Dalai Lama is a high lama in the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" branch of Tibetan Buddhism. The name is a combination of the Sino-Mongolian word далай (dalai) meaning "Ocean" and the Tibetan word བླ་མ་ bla-ma (with a silent "b") meaning "chief, high priest".
In religious terms, the Dalai Lama is believed by his devotees to be the rebirth of a long line of tulkus who are considered to be manifestations of the bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokiteśvara. Traditionally, the Dalai Lama is thought of as the latest reincarnation of a series of spiritual leaders who have chosen to be reborn in order to enlighten others. The Dalai Lama is often thought to be the leader of the Gelug School, but this position belongs officially to the Ganden Tripa, which is a temporary position appointed by the Dalai Lama who, in practice, exerts much influence. The line of Dalai Lamas began as a lineage of spiritual teachers; the 5th Dalai Lama assumed political authority over Tibet.
For certain periods between the 17th century and 1959, the Dalai Lamas sometimes directed the Tibetan government, which administered portions of Tibet from Lhasa. The 14th Dalai Lama remained the head of state for the Central Tibetan Administration ("Tibetan government in exile") until his retirement on March 14, 2011. He has indicated that the institution of the Dalai Lama may be abolished in the future, and also that the next Dalai Lama may be found outside Tibet and may be female. The Chinese government was very quick to reject this and claimed that only it has the authority to select the next Dalai Lama.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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60:59Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War IISpy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
more at http://quickfound.net World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening, a Lieutenant introduces Col. Henson Langdon Robinson, chief of OSS Schools and Training, who speaks briefly before the training film begins. Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning... Origin Prior to the formation of the OSS, American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. It had no overall direction, coordination, or control. The US Army and US Navy had separate code-breaking departments: Signals Intelligence Service and OP-20-G... The FBI was responsible for domestic security and anti-espionage operations. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies. On the suggestion of William Stephenson, the senior British intelligence officer in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt requested that William J. Donovan draft a plan for an intelligence service based on the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and Special Operations Executive. Colonel Donovan was employed to evaluate the global military position in order to offer suggestions concerning American intelligence requirements because the U.S. did not have a central intelligence agency. After submitting his work, "Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information," Colonel Donovan was appointed as the "Co-ordinator of Information" on July 11, 1941 heading the new organization known as the office of the Coordinator of Information (COI). Thereafter the organization was developed with the assistance of the British... The British immediately made available their short-wave broadcasting capabilities to Europe, Africa and the Far East and provided equipment for agents until American production was established. The Office of Strategic Services was established by a Presidential military order issued by President Roosevelt on June 13, 1942, to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies... After victory in Europe in May 1945, the OSS was better able to concentrate on operations in Japan. One month after the war was won in the Pacific Theater of Operations, on September 20, 1945, President Truman signed Executive Order 9621, which came into effect as of October 1, 1945. Thus in the following days from September 20, 1945, the functions of the OSS were split between the Department of State and the Department of War. The State Department received the Research and Analysis Branch of OSS which was renamed the Interim Research and Intelligence Service or (IRIS) and headed by U.S. Army Colonel Alfred McCormack. This was later renamed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. The War Department took over the Secret Intelligence (SI) and Counter-Espionage (X-2) Branches, which were then housed in a new office created for just this purpose—the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). The Secretary of War appointed Brigadier General John Magruder (formerly Donovan's Deputy Director for Intelligence in OSS) as the director to oversee the liquidation of the OSS, and more importantly, the preservation of the clandestine intelligence capability of the OSS. In January 1946, President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) which was the direct precursor to the CIA. The assets of the SSU, which now constituted a streamlined "nucleus" of clandestine intelligence, was transferred to the CIG in mid-1946 and reconstituted as the Office of Special Operations (OSO). Next, the National Security Act of 1947 established the United States's first permanent peacetime intelligence agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, which then took up the functions of the OSS. The direct descendant of the paramilitary component of the OSS is the Special Activities Division of the CIA... -
19:06Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic ServicesBody Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net "DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid detection should search occur. Undercover agents Fred and Steve go on mission to Enemiarea. R.1: Agent Frank hides microfilm under false callus on agent Steve's foot and Steve wears belt with coded message. Enemiarea secret police arrest Steve and take him to headquarters where counter agent and doctor perform body search. R.2: They use optical devices and chemical agents to search his clothes and other personal items. Enemiarea agents discover microfilm and message on belt." Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_search A strip search is a practice of searching a person for weapons or other contraband suspected of being hidden on their body or inside their clothing, and not found by performing a frisk search, by requiring the person to remove some or all of his or her clothing. The search may involve an official performing an Intimate Person Search and inspecting their personal effects and body cavities (mouth, vagina, anus etc.). A strip search is more intrusive than a frisk and requires legal authority. Regulations covering strip searches vary considerably, and may be mandatory in some situations or discretionary in others... Legality of strip searches In North America, civil lawsuits, as well as criminal code changes against strip searches have usually been successful when a person is strip searched by someone of the opposite sex, especially in cases where a woman has been strip searched by a male guard or guards. The more disputed legal cases have often involved the presence of people of the other gender during a strip search. Some of these cases have been less successful because of the legal technicality of who was actually performing the strip search, i.e. if more than one guard is present, the search is often (legally) said to be being performed by the person or people giving the orders or instructions to the person or people being searched. Another legal issue is that of blanket strip searches, such as in jails where detainees are routinely strip searched prior to conviction of a crime. Courts have often held that blanket strip searches are acceptable only for convicted persons. For detainees pending trial, there must be a reasonable suspicion that the detainees is in possession of weapons or other contraband before a strip search can be conducted. The same often holds true for other situations such as airport security personnel and customs officers, but the dispute often hinges on what constitutes reasonable suspicion. Incidental strip searches In order to bypass the legal reasonable suspicion requirement, and because strip searches can be humiliating, the search is often made less overt, as part of an intake process, that includes a mandatory shower. For example, many homeless shelters require a mandatory shower (supervised) prior to entry. Most prisons also include a mandatory shower along with a change of clothes. The shower serves to make the strip search less blatant as well as providing the additional benefit of removing contamination (in addition to removing weapons or other contraband). Many shelters require new arrivals to hand over all their clothing for a wash, as well as requiring them to have a shower. These rules also enable a discreet check for weapons or other contraband, with less legal implications, being less objectionable because the requirement is applied to everyone entering a facility. It is less offensive to clients than requiring them to undergo an overt strip search. Security procedures at facilities that mine and process gold and other high value minerals may constitute an incidental strip search. At the end of the workday, miners must remove all work clothes before entering shower facility, then exit nude through a metal detector to a separate changeroom where street clothes are stored. The courts have often held that requiring a person to have a shower as a condition of entry into a space (such as a prison, shelter, or the like) does not, in itself, constitute a strip search, even if the shower and surrounding space are so constructed as to afford visibility of the unclothed body by guards during the showering process... -
43:59Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & DocksSeabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks: "Film Report: Describes activities of the Seabees during World War II. Rear Adm. Ben Moreel gives a brief prologue and epilogue. Pacific operations include base construction at Dutch Harbor and Attu in the Aleutians, landing operations, base and airfield construction, ship salvage, and malaria control at Guadalcanal, Rendova, and Munda in the Solomon Islands. Also shows base and dock construction in Scotland and Oran, Algeria, and pre-invasion plans for Italy. Scenes of Sicily invasion and landing at Salerno. Includes many battle scenes." Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabee A Seabee is a member of the United States Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (CB). The word "Seabee" comes from initials "CB". The Seabees have a history of building bases, bulldozing and paving thousands of miles of roadway and airstrips, and accomplishing a myriad of other construction projects in a wide variety of military theaters dating back to World War II... History World War II In December 1941, with U.S. involvement in war soon expected on both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, recommended establishing Naval Construction Battalions at a newly constructed base at Davisville, Rhode Island (part of North Kingstown). With the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into the war, he was given the go-ahead. The Davisville Advanced Base Depot became operational in June 1942. Camp Thomas, a personnel-receiving station on the base, was established in October of that year. It eventually contained 500 Quonset huts for personnel. On August 11, 1942, the Naval Construction Training Center, known as Camp Endicott, was commissioned at Davisville. The Camp trained over 100,000 Seabees during the Second World War. In California in May 1942, a base for supporting the Naval Construction Force was established at Port Hueneme in Ventura County. This base became responsible for shipping massive amounts of equipment and material to the efforts in the Pacific. The earliest Seabees were recruited from the civilian construction trades and were placed under the leadership of the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps. Because of the emphasis on experience and skill rather than physical standards, the average age of Seabees during WWII was 37. More than 325,000 men served with the Seabees in World War II, fighting and building on six continents and more than 300 islands. In the Pacific, where most of the construction work was needed, the Seabees landed soon after the Marines and built major airstrips, bridges, roads, gasoline storage tanks, and Quonset huts for warehouses, hospitals, and housing. They often operated under fire and frequently were forced to take part in the fighting to defend themselves and their construction projects. In the Pacific Theater they built 111 major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100 m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5 million men and hospitals for 70,000 patients. The Seabees were officially organized in the Naval Reserve on December 31, 1947. With the general demobilization following the war, the Naval Construction Battalions (NCBs) were reduced to 3,300 men on active duty by 1950. Between 1949 and 1953, Naval Construction Battalions were organized into two types of units: Amphibious Construction Battalions (ACBs) and Mobile Construction Battalions (MCBs), which were later designated Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) in the early- to mid-1960s to eliminate confusion with Marine Corps Base (MCB) in Vietnam... -
24:55Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War IIJapanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html 'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to try to provide a basic understanding of the social, economic, political and religious aspects of Japanese culture and how they effect national behavior. R.1: Illustrates the old, new, and western influences on Japanese culture. Scenes of gardens, home life, sports, dance, Shinto religious customs, and agriculture. R.2: Emphasizes the order, ritual, and ceremonial discipline that pervade all phases of Japanese life. Shows a dying man, theatrical performances, festivals and sport, events.' Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_people The Japanese people (日本人 Nihonjin, Nipponjin) are an ethnic group native to Japan. Japanese make up 98.5% of the total population of their country. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人). The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato, Ainu, and Ryukyuan people... Language The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are sometimes suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogunate, until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji period... Literature Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. Indian literature also had an influence through the diffusion of Buddhism in Japan. Eventually, Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so. Music The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern. The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji 音 "on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment). Japan is the second largest music market in the world, behind the United States, and the largest in Asia, and most of the market is dominated by Japanese artists. Local music often appears at karaoke venues, which is on lease from the record labels. Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western Music and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing... -
14:32Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War IINazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). part 2: http://youtu.be/bJ03LJjKPQs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island. After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days. The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions... Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison. Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank... On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete. By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops... The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland... On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete... This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence. On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks... Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank... -
14:50Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War IINazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). part 1: http://youtu.be/sFqabDQvC5w http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island. After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days. The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions... Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison. Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank... On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete. By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops... The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland... On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete... This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence. On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks... Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank... -
29:54Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War IINazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts. Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island. After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days. The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions... Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison. Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank... On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete. By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops... The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland... On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete... This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence. On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks... Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank... -
13:40Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic ServicesIceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/ Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). Split with MKVmerge GUI (part of MKVToolNix), the same software can recombine the downloaded parts (in mp4 format): http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkI0WHve4eI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark... German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents. During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory. ...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940. ...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland. On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000). During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats... On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic. Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II... -
16:33Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic ServicesIceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/ "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation." Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound. Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark... German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents. During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory. ...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940. ...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland. On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000). During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats... On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic. Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II... -
58:52Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSSSimple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS) -Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas. Sections: 01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00 02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47 Total running time: 0:58:43 This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain. Read by James Christopher In addition to the reader, this audio book was produced by: Dedicated Proof-Listener: TriciaG -
9:48Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10minCayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operational Group's assistance in helping to organize and coordinate partisan activities in Italy during World War II. Describes the success of the mission; shows the 'Cayuga Team' at a briefing and parachuting, along with supplies, into the hilly Italian terrain." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization. http://www.ossog.org/italy/cayuga.html ...Mission: The original mission for CAYUGA was assigned to the Italian OG Headquarters on 2 December 1944 by directive of the Allied Fifteenth Army Group. OG directive to CAYUGA was to: - a. Establish liaison with the COMMANDO UNICO (CU) of Parma and several bands of patriots in that area; to coordinate their operations, advise, train and assist with partisan operations and transmit to them operational missions as ordered. - b. Target enemy communications, installations and troops in the area, particularly along the Bedonia-Borgo Taro-Berceto Road and La Spezia-Parma Highway (No.62). - c. Transmit to OG Headquarters all enemy intelligence information from all sources. - d. Prevent friction within and between partisan bands. - e. Attempt integration into a single command of the 1st and 2nd Julia Brigades, 31st and 32nd Garibaldi Brigades and the Beretta Band of the Parma CU; and consider adding to that command other independent bands west of Highway 62 that are not affiliated with the Picenza CU or the 1st Ligurian Division. - f. Arrange through OG Headquarters for all air supply drops for all partisan bands in this general area. - g. Cooperate with other Allied military missions which may be encountered. Summary: 18 December 1944 Section was briefed for a scheduled 19 December departure which was forced to turn back due to bad weather. On 27 December they parachuted into ALBERTO drop zone (DZ) in three separate sticks led by Capt. Formichelli, T/Sgt. Alessi and S/Sgt. DiSilvestro - with Capt. Formichelli and T/Sgt Alessi receiving minor injuries because of hard snow and scattered trees where they landed. Section was met by 1st Beretta Brigade which later gave ready access to the CU Headquarters and provided introduction to all of the CU units. After Capt Formicelli made individual assignments of Section members to the brigades, the OGs first made reconnaissance of their areas to identify ambush and other targets. And as air drops were received, they oversaw the distribution of those supplies and gave the partisans instructions on the use and care of the weapons and the tactics of guerilla and sabotage operations. To maintain communications between Section Headquarters and the various partisan units the OGs used messengers, sometimes telephone and later "300 sets". Between 27 December 1944 when CAYUGA was deployed, and 10 May 1945 when they returned to base, the Section with help of the CHOCTAW Mission which joined them 2 April 1945 ( see separate CHOCTAW summary), received and distributed 76 air drops of supplies... -
58:44Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic ServicesSimple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services SUBSCRIBE to https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenAudioBooks - Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas. - If you enjoyed listening to "Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services" please rate, comment and subscribe to GreenAudioBooks, We really appreciate it :) Thanks for viewing Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services We hope you enjoyed Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services -
14:39Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14minInside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR4pmCCDTsg part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet : The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China. Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century... Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean". The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745... Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. -
14:42Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14minInside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G_d5UNlJQs part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet : The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China. Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century... Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean". The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745... Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
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Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
more at http://quickfound.net World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening, a Lieutenant introduces Col. Henson Langdon Robinson, chief of OSS Schools and Training, who speaks briefly before the training film begins. Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services The Office of Strategic Servic... -
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net "DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid detection should search occur. Undercover agents Fred and Steve go on mission to Enemiarea. R.1: Agent Frank hides microfilm under false callus on agent Steve's foot and Steve wears belt with coded message. Enemiarea secret police arrest Steve and take him to headquarters where counter agent and doctor perform body search. R.2: They use optical devices and chemical agents to search his clothes and other personal items. Enemiarea agents discover microfilm and message on belt." Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction ap... -
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks: "Film Report: Describes activities of the Seabees during World War II. Rear Adm. Ben Moreel gives a brief prologue and epilogue. Pacific operations include base construction at Dutch Harbor and Attu in the Aleutians, landing operations, base and airfield construction, ship salvage, and malaria control at Guadalcanal, Rendova, and Munda in the Solomon Islands. Also shows base and dock construction in Scotland and Oran, Algeria, and pre-invasion plans for Italy. Scenes of Sicily invasion and landing at Salerno. Includes many battle scenes." Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to ... -
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html 'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to try to provide a basic understanding of the social, economic, political and religious aspects of Japanese culture and how they effect national behavior. R.1: Illustrates the old, new, and western influences on Japanese culture. Scenes of gardens, home life, sports, dance, Shinto religious customs, and agriculture. R.2: Emphasizes the order, ritual, and ceremonial discipline that pervade all phases of Japanese life. Shows a dying man, theatrical performances, festivals and sport, events.' Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise red... -
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slig... -
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slig... -
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html "Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation." Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts. Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to ... -
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/ Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio correc... -
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/ "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation." Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound. P... -
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS) -Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas. Sections: 01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00 02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47 Total running ... -
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operational Group's assistance in helping to organize and coordinate partisan activities in Italy during World War II. Describes the success of the mission; shows the 'Cayuga Team' at a briefing and parachuting, along with supplies, into the hilly Italian terrain." Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization. http://www.ossog.org/italy/cayuga.html ...Mission: The original mission for CAYUGA was assigned to the... -
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services SUBSCRIBE to https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenAudioBooks - Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas. - If you enjoyed listening to "Simple Sabotage F... -
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR4pmCCDTsg part 3: http:/... -
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G_d5UNlJQs part 3: http:/... -
Office of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
Nuremberg Trials: "That Justice Be Done" 1945 Office of Strategic Services Field Photographic Branch
more at http://quickfound.net 'Compares the Nazi sense of justice, as exemplified in aggressive war and atrocities, with that of the war crimes tribunals at Nuremberg. Excerpt from a speech by Adolf Hitler in which he proclaims his right to rid the world of inferior races; scenes of German atrocity victims and torture devices at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Foreign ministers of the three major powers sign the Moscow declaration in London...' Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than th... -
Inside Tibet 1943 Office of Strategic Services; OSS Visits the Dalai Llama at Lhasa
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end. Reupload of a previously uploaded film with improved video & sound. Public domain f... -
Inside Tibet (1943) | Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC Identifier 40103 / Local Identifier 226.5 - Inside Tibet - Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). FILM REPORT: On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings. -
Spy Radio in World War II: "Strategic Service Transmitter-Receiver Number 1" SSTR-1 OSS
more at http://quickfound.net/ Circa 1943. "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Instructional Film: Describes the radio transmitter-receiver unit used during World War II. Explains compactness and ease of concealment, and outlines operations in detail: selection of electrical outlet, battery, or combination of both as power unit; antenna, assembly parts, installation, frequency determination and receiver operation; parts installation, attachment of crystal equipment and transmitter operation." Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts. Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed ... -
Tibetan "Break Dancing" (from "Inside Tibet") 1943 OSS (Office of Strategic Services)
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html This excerpt from "Inside Tibet" shows a dancing performance-competition at Lhasa by a troupe of Kamba dancers who live off "the bounty of their audiences... This particular troupe is considered the most talented in all Tibet." Full film "Inside Tibet" (39 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA Inside Tibet: Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II..." Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was ... -
Visiting the Dalai Lama at Lhasa: "Inside Tibet" 1943 Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end. Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and ... -
Why and How the CIA Was Created: History, Secret Operations, Myths (2000)
The CIA succeeded the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), formed during World War II to coordinate secret espionage activities against the Axis Powers for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. The National Security Act of 1947 established the CIA, affording it "no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad". There has been considerable criticism of the CIA relating to security and counterintelligence failures, failures in intelligence analysis, human rights concerns, external investigations and document releases, influencing public opinion and law enforcement, drug trafficking, and lying to Congress. Others, such as Eastern bloc defector Ion Mihai Pacepa, have defended the CIA as "by far the world’s best intelligence organization," and argued that CIA activiti... -
Office of Strategic Services - Iceland occupied in World War 2 (1/2)
From the US National Archives and Records Administration. These recordings were made between November 1941 and early spring 1942. National Archives and Records Administration - ARC 40149, LI 226-D-6550 - Iceland (Reel 1 of 2) - DVD Copied by Ann Galloway. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated dia...
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:59
- Updated: 12 Oct 2014
- views: 10686
more at http://quickfound.net
World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening,...
more at http://quickfound.net
World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening, a Lieutenant introduces Col. Henson Langdon Robinson, chief of OSS Schools and Training, who speaks briefly before the training film begins.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning...
Origin
Prior to the formation of the OSS, American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. It had no overall direction, coordination, or control. The US Army and US Navy had separate code-breaking departments: Signals Intelligence Service and OP-20-G... The FBI was responsible for domestic security and anti-espionage operations.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies. On the suggestion of William Stephenson, the senior British intelligence officer in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt requested that William J. Donovan draft a plan for an intelligence service based on the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and Special Operations Executive. Colonel Donovan was employed to evaluate the global military position in order to offer suggestions concerning American intelligence requirements because the U.S. did not have a central intelligence agency. After submitting his work, "Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information," Colonel Donovan was appointed as the "Co-ordinator of Information" on July 11, 1941 heading the new organization known as the office of the Coordinator of Information (COI). Thereafter the organization was developed with the assistance of the British... The British immediately made available their short-wave broadcasting capabilities to Europe, Africa and the Far East and provided equipment for agents until American production was established.
The Office of Strategic Services was established by a Presidential military order issued by President Roosevelt on June 13, 1942, to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies...
After victory in Europe in May 1945, the OSS was better able to concentrate on operations in Japan. One month after the war was won in the Pacific Theater of Operations, on September 20, 1945, President Truman signed Executive Order 9621, which came into effect as of October 1, 1945. Thus in the following days from September 20, 1945, the functions of the OSS were split between the Department of State and the Department of War. The State Department received the Research and Analysis Branch of OSS which was renamed the Interim Research and Intelligence Service or (IRIS) and headed by U.S. Army Colonel Alfred McCormack. This was later renamed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research.
The War Department took over the Secret Intelligence (SI) and Counter-Espionage (X-2) Branches, which were then housed in a new office created for just this purpose—the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). The Secretary of War appointed Brigadier General John Magruder (formerly Donovan's Deputy Director for Intelligence in OSS) as the director to oversee the liquidation of the OSS, and more importantly, the preservation of the clandestine intelligence capability of the OSS.
In January 1946, President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) which was the direct precursor to the CIA. The assets of the SSU, which now constituted a streamlined "nucleus" of clandestine intelligence, was transferred to the CIG in mid-1946 and reconstituted as the Office of Special Operations (OSO). Next, the National Security Act of 1947 established the United States's first permanent peacetime intelligence agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, which then took up the functions of the OSS. The direct descendant of the paramilitary component of the OSS is the Special Activities Division of the CIA...
wn.com/Spy Training Undercover Circa 1944 Oss Office Of Strategic Services Training Film World War Ii
more at http://quickfound.net
World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA) operatives. At the opening, a Lieutenant introduces Col. Henson Langdon Robinson, chief of OSS Schools and Training, who speaks briefly before the training film begins.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning...
Origin
Prior to the formation of the OSS, American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. It had no overall direction, coordination, or control. The US Army and US Navy had separate code-breaking departments: Signals Intelligence Service and OP-20-G... The FBI was responsible for domestic security and anti-espionage operations.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies. On the suggestion of William Stephenson, the senior British intelligence officer in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt requested that William J. Donovan draft a plan for an intelligence service based on the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and Special Operations Executive. Colonel Donovan was employed to evaluate the global military position in order to offer suggestions concerning American intelligence requirements because the U.S. did not have a central intelligence agency. After submitting his work, "Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information," Colonel Donovan was appointed as the "Co-ordinator of Information" on July 11, 1941 heading the new organization known as the office of the Coordinator of Information (COI). Thereafter the organization was developed with the assistance of the British... The British immediately made available their short-wave broadcasting capabilities to Europe, Africa and the Far East and provided equipment for agents until American production was established.
The Office of Strategic Services was established by a Presidential military order issued by President Roosevelt on June 13, 1942, to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies...
After victory in Europe in May 1945, the OSS was better able to concentrate on operations in Japan. One month after the war was won in the Pacific Theater of Operations, on September 20, 1945, President Truman signed Executive Order 9621, which came into effect as of October 1, 1945. Thus in the following days from September 20, 1945, the functions of the OSS were split between the Department of State and the Department of War. The State Department received the Research and Analysis Branch of OSS which was renamed the Interim Research and Intelligence Service or (IRIS) and headed by U.S. Army Colonel Alfred McCormack. This was later renamed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research.
The War Department took over the Secret Intelligence (SI) and Counter-Espionage (X-2) Branches, which were then housed in a new office created for just this purpose—the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). The Secretary of War appointed Brigadier General John Magruder (formerly Donovan's Deputy Director for Intelligence in OSS) as the director to oversee the liquidation of the OSS, and more importantly, the preservation of the clandestine intelligence capability of the OSS.
In January 1946, President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) which was the direct precursor to the CIA. The assets of the SSU, which now constituted a streamlined "nucleus" of clandestine intelligence, was transferred to the CIG in mid-1946 and reconstituted as the Office of Special Operations (OSO). Next, the National Security Act of 1947 established the United States's first permanent peacetime intelligence agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, which then took up the functions of the OSS. The direct descendant of the paramilitary component of the OSS is the Special Activities Division of the CIA...
- published: 12 Oct 2014
- views: 10686
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:06
- Updated: 05 Jan 2015
- views: 1739
more at http://quickfound.net
"DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid...
more at http://quickfound.net
"DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid detection should search occur. Undercover agents Fred and Steve go on mission to Enemiarea. R.1: Agent Frank hides microfilm under false callus on agent Steve's foot and Steve wears belt with coded message. Enemiarea secret police arrest Steve and take him to headquarters where counter agent and doctor perform body search. R.2: They use optical devices and chemical agents to search his clothes and other personal items. Enemiarea agents discover microfilm and message on belt."
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_search
A strip search is a practice of searching a person for weapons or other contraband suspected of being hidden on their body or inside their clothing, and not found by performing a frisk search, by requiring the person to remove some or all of his or her clothing. The search may involve an official performing an Intimate Person Search and inspecting their personal effects and body cavities (mouth, vagina, anus etc.). A strip search is more intrusive than a frisk and requires legal authority. Regulations covering strip searches vary considerably, and may be mandatory in some situations or discretionary in others...
Legality of strip searches
In North America, civil lawsuits, as well as criminal code changes against strip searches have usually been successful when a person is strip searched by someone of the opposite sex, especially in cases where a woman has been strip searched by a male guard or guards. The more disputed legal cases have often involved the presence of people of the other gender during a strip search. Some of these cases have been less successful because of the legal technicality of who was actually performing the strip search, i.e. if more than one guard is present, the search is often (legally) said to be being performed by the person or people giving the orders or instructions to the person or people being searched.
Another legal issue is that of blanket strip searches, such as in jails where detainees are routinely strip searched prior to conviction of a crime. Courts have often held that blanket strip searches are acceptable only for convicted persons. For detainees pending trial, there must be a reasonable suspicion that the detainees is in possession of weapons or other contraband before a strip search can be conducted. The same often holds true for other situations such as airport security personnel and customs officers, but the dispute often hinges on what constitutes reasonable suspicion.
Incidental strip searches
In order to bypass the legal reasonable suspicion requirement, and because strip searches can be humiliating, the search is often made less overt, as part of an intake process, that includes a mandatory shower. For example, many homeless shelters require a mandatory shower (supervised) prior to entry. Most prisons also include a mandatory shower along with a change of clothes. The shower serves to make the strip search less blatant as well as providing the additional benefit of removing contamination (in addition to removing weapons or other contraband). Many shelters require new arrivals to hand over all their clothing for a wash, as well as requiring them to have a shower. These rules also enable a discreet check for weapons or other contraband, with less legal implications, being less objectionable because the requirement is applied to everyone entering a facility. It is less offensive to clients than requiring them to undergo an overt strip search.
Security procedures at facilities that mine and process gold and other high value minerals may constitute an incidental strip search. At the end of the workday, miners must remove all work clothes before entering shower facility, then exit nude through a metal detector to a separate changeroom where street clothes are stored.
The courts have often held that requiring a person to have a shower as a condition of entry into a space (such as a prison, shelter, or the like) does not, in itself, constitute a strip search, even if the shower and surrounding space are so constructed as to afford visibility of the unclothed body by guards during the showering process...
wn.com/Body Search Circa 1945 Oss Training Film Office Of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net
"DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body search process, suggests ways to avoid being searched and how to avoid detection should search occur. Undercover agents Fred and Steve go on mission to Enemiarea. R.1: Agent Frank hides microfilm under false callus on agent Steve's foot and Steve wears belt with coded message. Enemiarea secret police arrest Steve and take him to headquarters where counter agent and doctor perform body search. R.2: They use optical devices and chemical agents to search his clothes and other personal items. Enemiarea agents discover microfilm and message on belt."
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_search
A strip search is a practice of searching a person for weapons or other contraband suspected of being hidden on their body or inside their clothing, and not found by performing a frisk search, by requiring the person to remove some or all of his or her clothing. The search may involve an official performing an Intimate Person Search and inspecting their personal effects and body cavities (mouth, vagina, anus etc.). A strip search is more intrusive than a frisk and requires legal authority. Regulations covering strip searches vary considerably, and may be mandatory in some situations or discretionary in others...
Legality of strip searches
In North America, civil lawsuits, as well as criminal code changes against strip searches have usually been successful when a person is strip searched by someone of the opposite sex, especially in cases where a woman has been strip searched by a male guard or guards. The more disputed legal cases have often involved the presence of people of the other gender during a strip search. Some of these cases have been less successful because of the legal technicality of who was actually performing the strip search, i.e. if more than one guard is present, the search is often (legally) said to be being performed by the person or people giving the orders or instructions to the person or people being searched.
Another legal issue is that of blanket strip searches, such as in jails where detainees are routinely strip searched prior to conviction of a crime. Courts have often held that blanket strip searches are acceptable only for convicted persons. For detainees pending trial, there must be a reasonable suspicion that the detainees is in possession of weapons or other contraband before a strip search can be conducted. The same often holds true for other situations such as airport security personnel and customs officers, but the dispute often hinges on what constitutes reasonable suspicion.
Incidental strip searches
In order to bypass the legal reasonable suspicion requirement, and because strip searches can be humiliating, the search is often made less overt, as part of an intake process, that includes a mandatory shower. For example, many homeless shelters require a mandatory shower (supervised) prior to entry. Most prisons also include a mandatory shower along with a change of clothes. The shower serves to make the strip search less blatant as well as providing the additional benefit of removing contamination (in addition to removing weapons or other contraband). Many shelters require new arrivals to hand over all their clothing for a wash, as well as requiring them to have a shower. These rules also enable a discreet check for weapons or other contraband, with less legal implications, being less objectionable because the requirement is applied to everyone entering a facility. It is less offensive to clients than requiring them to undergo an overt strip search.
Security procedures at facilities that mine and process gold and other high value minerals may constitute an incidental strip search. At the end of the workday, miners must remove all work clothes before entering shower facility, then exit nude through a metal detector to a separate changeroom where street clothes are stored.
The courts have often held that requiring a person to have a shower as a condition of entry into a space (such as a prison, shelter, or the like) does not, in itself, constitute a strip search, even if the shower and surrounding space are so constructed as to afford visibility of the unclothed body by guards during the showering process...
- published: 05 Jan 2015
- views: 1739
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:59
- Updated: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 953
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy ...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks: "Film Report: Describes activities of the Seabees during World War II. Rear Adm. Ben Moreel gives a brief prologue and epilogue. Pacific operations include base construction at Dutch Harbor and Attu in the Aleutians, landing operations, base and airfield construction, ship salvage, and malaria control at Guadalcanal, Rendova, and Munda in the Solomon Islands. Also shows base and dock construction in Scotland and Oran, Algeria, and pre-invasion plans for Italy. Scenes of Sicily invasion and landing at Salerno. Includes many battle scenes."
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabee
A Seabee is a member of the United States Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (CB). The word "Seabee" comes from initials "CB". The Seabees have a history of building bases, bulldozing and paving thousands of miles of roadway and airstrips, and accomplishing a myriad of other construction projects in a wide variety of military theaters dating back to World War II...
History
World War II
In December 1941, with U.S. involvement in war soon expected on both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, recommended establishing Naval Construction Battalions at a newly constructed base at Davisville, Rhode Island (part of North Kingstown). With the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into the war, he was given the go-ahead. The Davisville Advanced Base Depot became operational in June 1942. Camp Thomas, a personnel-receiving station on the base, was established in October of that year. It eventually contained 500 Quonset huts for personnel. On August 11, 1942, the Naval Construction Training Center, known as Camp Endicott, was commissioned at Davisville. The Camp trained over 100,000 Seabees during the Second World War.
In California in May 1942, a base for supporting the Naval Construction Force was established at Port Hueneme in Ventura County. This base became responsible for shipping massive amounts of equipment and material to the efforts in the Pacific.
The earliest Seabees were recruited from the civilian construction trades and were placed under the leadership of the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps. Because of the emphasis on experience and skill rather than physical standards, the average age of Seabees during WWII was 37.
More than 325,000 men served with the Seabees in World War II, fighting and building on six continents and more than 300 islands. In the Pacific, where most of the construction work was needed, the Seabees landed soon after the Marines and built major airstrips, bridges, roads, gasoline storage tanks, and Quonset huts for warehouses, hospitals, and housing. They often operated under fire and frequently were forced to take part in the fighting to defend themselves and their construction projects. In the Pacific Theater they built 111 major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100 m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5 million men and hospitals for 70,000 patients.
The Seabees were officially organized in the Naval Reserve on December 31, 1947.
With the general demobilization following the war, the Naval Construction Battalions (NCBs) were reduced to 3,300 men on active duty by 1950. Between 1949 and 1953, Naval Construction Battalions were organized into two types of units: Amphibious Construction Battalions (ACBs) and Mobile Construction Battalions (MCBs), which were later designated Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) in the early- to mid-1960s to eliminate confusion with Marine Corps Base (MCB) in Vietnam...
wn.com/Seabees Circa 1945 Office Of Strategic Services US Navy Bureau Of Yards Docks
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
Film produced by the Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch, for the US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks: "Film Report: Describes activities of the Seabees during World War II. Rear Adm. Ben Moreel gives a brief prologue and epilogue. Pacific operations include base construction at Dutch Harbor and Attu in the Aleutians, landing operations, base and airfield construction, ship salvage, and malaria control at Guadalcanal, Rendova, and Munda in the Solomon Islands. Also shows base and dock construction in Scotland and Oran, Algeria, and pre-invasion plans for Italy. Scenes of Sicily invasion and landing at Salerno. Includes many battle scenes."
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabee
A Seabee is a member of the United States Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (CB). The word "Seabee" comes from initials "CB". The Seabees have a history of building bases, bulldozing and paving thousands of miles of roadway and airstrips, and accomplishing a myriad of other construction projects in a wide variety of military theaters dating back to World War II...
History
World War II
In December 1941, with U.S. involvement in war soon expected on both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, recommended establishing Naval Construction Battalions at a newly constructed base at Davisville, Rhode Island (part of North Kingstown). With the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into the war, he was given the go-ahead. The Davisville Advanced Base Depot became operational in June 1942. Camp Thomas, a personnel-receiving station on the base, was established in October of that year. It eventually contained 500 Quonset huts for personnel. On August 11, 1942, the Naval Construction Training Center, known as Camp Endicott, was commissioned at Davisville. The Camp trained over 100,000 Seabees during the Second World War.
In California in May 1942, a base for supporting the Naval Construction Force was established at Port Hueneme in Ventura County. This base became responsible for shipping massive amounts of equipment and material to the efforts in the Pacific.
The earliest Seabees were recruited from the civilian construction trades and were placed under the leadership of the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps. Because of the emphasis on experience and skill rather than physical standards, the average age of Seabees during WWII was 37.
More than 325,000 men served with the Seabees in World War II, fighting and building on six continents and more than 300 islands. In the Pacific, where most of the construction work was needed, the Seabees landed soon after the Marines and built major airstrips, bridges, roads, gasoline storage tanks, and Quonset huts for warehouses, hospitals, and housing. They often operated under fire and frequently were forced to take part in the fighting to defend themselves and their construction projects. In the Pacific Theater they built 111 major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100 m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5 million men and hospitals for 70,000 patients.
The Seabees were officially organized in the Naval Reserve on December 31, 1947.
With the general demobilization following the war, the Naval Construction Battalions (NCBs) were reduced to 3,300 men on active duty by 1950. Between 1949 and 1953, Naval Construction Battalions were organized into two types of units: Amphibious Construction Battalions (ACBs) and Mobile Construction Battalions (MCBs), which were later designated Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) in the early- to mid-1960s to eliminate confusion with Marine Corps Base (MCB) in Vietnam...
- published: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 953
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:55
- Updated: 26 Mar 2015
- views: 1464
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html
'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to tr...
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html
'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to try to provide a basic understanding of the social, economic, political and religious aspects of Japanese culture and how they effect national behavior. R.1: Illustrates the old, new, and western influences on Japanese culture. Scenes of gardens, home life, sports, dance, Shinto religious customs, and agriculture. R.2: Emphasizes the order, ritual, and ceremonial discipline that pervade all phases of Japanese life. Shows a dying man, theatrical performances, festivals and sport, events.'
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_people
The Japanese people (日本人 Nihonjin, Nipponjin) are an ethnic group native to Japan. Japanese make up 98.5% of the total population of their country. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人). The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato, Ainu, and Ryukyuan people...
Language
The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are sometimes suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan
The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogunate, until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji period...
Literature
Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. Indian literature also had an influence through the diffusion of Buddhism in Japan. Eventually, Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so.
Music
The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern. The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji 音 "on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment). Japan is the second largest music market in the world, behind the United States, and the largest in Asia, and most of the market is dominated by Japanese artists.
Local music often appears at karaoke venues, which is on lease from the record labels. Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western Music and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing...
wn.com/Japanese Behavior Circa 1943 Oss Office Of Strategic Services, World War Ii
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html
'Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: Excerpts compiled by OSS to try to provide a basic understanding of the social, economic, political and religious aspects of Japanese culture and how they effect national behavior. R.1: Illustrates the old, new, and western influences on Japanese culture. Scenes of gardens, home life, sports, dance, Shinto religious customs, and agriculture. R.2: Emphasizes the order, ritual, and ceremonial discipline that pervade all phases of Japanese life. Shows a dying man, theatrical performances, festivals and sport, events.'
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_people
The Japanese people (日本人 Nihonjin, Nipponjin) are an ethnic group native to Japan. Japanese make up 98.5% of the total population of their country. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人). The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato, Ainu, and Ryukyuan people...
Language
The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are sometimes suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan
The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogunate, until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji period...
Literature
Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. Indian literature also had an influence through the diffusion of Buddhism in Japan. Eventually, Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so.
Music
The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern. The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji 音 "on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment). Japan is the second largest music market in the world, behind the United States, and the largest in Asia, and most of the market is dominated by Japanese artists.
Local music often appears at karaoke venues, which is on lease from the record labels. Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western Music and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing...
- published: 26 Mar 2015
- views: 1464
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:32
- Updated: 07 May 2012
- views: 58953
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YG...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 2: http://youtu.be/bJ03LJjKPQs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
wn.com/Nazi Invasion Of Crete Pt1 2 Circa 1944 Office Of Strategic Services (Oss) World War Ii
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 2: http://youtu.be/bJ03LJjKPQs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 58953
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:50
- Updated: 07 May 2012
- views: 28942
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YG...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 1: http://youtu.be/sFqabDQvC5w
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
wn.com/Nazi Invasion Of Crete Pt2 2 Circa 1944 Office Of Strategic Services (Oss) World War Ii
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0uGJOl5YGQ
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
part 1: http://youtu.be/sFqabDQvC5w
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 28942
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:54
- Updated: 18 Oct 2014
- views: 2564
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fa...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
wn.com/Nazi Invasion Of Crete Circa 1944 Office Of Strategic Services (Oss) World War Ii
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Military Film Report: On the German invasion of Crete during World War II and its eventual fall in ten days. Emphasizes the German victory over British, New Zealander and Australian forces rested in superior air power. Animated maps and live-action photography show direction of invasion, course of battles and Allied retreat. Presents complete tactical picture, describes defenses of major Cretan cities and includes scenes of German troops, topography of Crete, dive bombing, parachute jumping, ground fighting, convoys, air attack on retreating troops and the British evacuation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crete
The Battle of Crete (German: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete. It began on the morning of 20 May 1941, when Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur ("Operation Mercury"). Greek and Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island.
After one day of fighting, the Germans had suffered very heavy casualties and none of their objectives had been achieved. The next day, through miscommunication and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation, Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans, enabling them to fly in reinforcements and overwhelm the defenders. The battle lasted about 10 days.
The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the paratroopers, Adolf Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. However, the Allies were impressed by the potential of paratroopers and started to build their own airborne divisions...
Allied forces had occupied Crete when the Italians attacked Greece on 28 October 1940. Though the Italians were initially repulsed, subsequent German intervention drove 57,000 Allied troops from the mainland. The Royal Navy evacuated many of them; some were taken to Crete to bolster its garrison.
Possession of Crete provided the Royal Navy with excellent harbours in the eastern Mediterranean, from which it could threaten the Axis southeastern flank...
On 30 April 1941, a New Zealand Army officer, Major-General Bernard Freyberg VC was appointed commander of the Allied forces on Crete.
By May, the Greek forces consisted of approximately 9,000 troops...
The British Commonwealth contingent consisted of the original 14,000-man British garrison and another 25,000 Commonwealth troops evacuated from the mainland...
On 25 April, Hitler signed Directive Number 28, ordering the invasion of Crete...
This was to be the first truly large-scale airborne invasion, although the Germans had used parachute and glider-borne assaults on a much smaller scale in the invasions of Denmark and Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and mainland Greece. In the last instance, German paratroops (Fallschirmjäger) had been dispatched to capture the bridge over the Corinth Canal which was being readied for demolition by the Royal Engineers. German engineers were landed near the bridge in gliders, while parachute infantry attacked the perimeter defence.
On 1 June, the remaining 5,000 defenders at Sphakia surrendered, although many took to the hills and caused the German occupation problems for years. By the end 1941, an estimated 500 British Commonwealth troops remained at large, to say nothing of the Greeks...
Allied commanders at first worried the Germans might use Crete as a springboard for further operations in the Mediterranean's East Basin, possibly for an airborne attack on Cyprus or a seaborne invasion of Egypt in support of the German/Italian forces operating from Libya. However, these fears were soon put to rest when Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, made it apparent the occupation of Crete was likely a defensive measure intended to secure the Axis southern flank...
- published: 18 Oct 2014
- views: 2564
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:40
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 7135
more at http://quickfound.net/
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport system...
more at http://quickfound.net/
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
Split with MKVmerge GUI (part of MKVToolNix), the same software can recombine the downloaded parts (in mp4 format): http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkI0WHve4eI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
wn.com/Iceland (Oss World War Ii Intelligence Report) Pt1 2 1942 Office Of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
Split with MKVmerge GUI (part of MKVToolNix), the same software can recombine the downloaded parts (in mp4 format): http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkI0WHve4eI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 7135
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:33
- Updated: 20 Feb 2016
- views: 17
more at http://quickfound.net/
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport syste...
more at http://quickfound.net/
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
wn.com/Iceland (Oss World War Ii Intelligence Report) 1942 Office Of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net/
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur. Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland
Iceland... is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and the largest city is Reykjavik, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnamabok, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingolfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them slaves of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_during_World_War_II
Iceland during World War II was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark...
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming... When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents.
During the Nazi German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.
...Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. However, the Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.
...After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the War against the Axis-forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by a larger Army force, and eventually 25,000 British troops were stationed in Iceland.
On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and American troops replaced the British... The 40,000 American soldiers stationed in Iceland outnumbered all adult men in Iceland at the time. (At the time, Iceland had a population of around 120,000).
During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats... In 1944 British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavik. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the north Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats...
On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II...
- published: 20 Feb 2016
- views: 17
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:52
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 7557
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
-Formed during World War II, the United States Office of St...
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
-Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
Sections:
01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00
02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47
Total running time: 0:58:43
This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain.
Read by James Christopher
In addition to the reader, this audio book was produced by:
Dedicated Proof-Listener: TriciaG
wn.com/Simple Sabotage Field Manual Full Audio Book By United States Office Of Strategic Services Oss
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
-Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
Sections:
01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00
02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47
Total running time: 0:58:43
This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain.
Read by James Christopher
In addition to the reader, this audio book was produced by:
Dedicated Proof-Listener: TriciaG
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 7557
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 847
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operatio...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operational Group's assistance in helping to organize and coordinate partisan activities in Italy during World War II. Describes the success of the mission; shows the 'Cayuga Team' at a briefing and parachuting, along with supplies, into the hilly Italian terrain."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://www.ossog.org/italy/cayuga.html
...Mission:
The original mission for CAYUGA was assigned to the Italian OG Headquarters on 2 December 1944 by directive of the Allied Fifteenth Army Group. OG directive to CAYUGA was to:
- a. Establish liaison with the COMMANDO UNICO (CU) of Parma and several bands of patriots in that area; to coordinate their operations, advise, train and assist with partisan operations and transmit to them operational missions as ordered.
- b. Target enemy communications, installations and troops in the area, particularly along the Bedonia-Borgo Taro-Berceto Road and La Spezia-Parma Highway (No.62).
- c. Transmit to OG Headquarters all enemy intelligence information from all sources.
- d. Prevent friction within and between partisan bands.
- e. Attempt integration into a single command of the 1st and 2nd Julia Brigades, 31st and 32nd Garibaldi Brigades and the Beretta Band of the Parma CU; and consider adding to that command other independent bands west of Highway 62 that are not affiliated with the Picenza CU or the 1st Ligurian Division.
- f. Arrange through OG Headquarters for all air supply drops for all partisan bands in this general area.
- g. Cooperate with other Allied military missions which may be encountered.
Summary:
18 December 1944 Section was briefed for a scheduled 19 December departure which was forced to turn back due to bad weather. On 27 December they parachuted into ALBERTO drop zone (DZ) in three separate sticks led by Capt. Formichelli, T/Sgt. Alessi and S/Sgt. DiSilvestro - with Capt. Formichelli and T/Sgt Alessi receiving minor injuries because of hard snow and scattered trees where they landed.
Section was met by 1st Beretta Brigade which later gave ready access to the CU Headquarters and provided introduction to all of the CU units. After Capt Formicelli made individual assignments of Section members to the brigades, the OGs first made reconnaissance of their areas to identify ambush and other targets. And as air drops were received, they oversaw the distribution of those supplies and gave the partisans instructions on the use and care of the weapons and the tactics of guerilla and sabotage operations. To maintain communications between Section Headquarters and the various partisan units the OGs used messengers, sometimes telephone and later "300 sets".
Between 27 December 1944 when CAYUGA was deployed, and 10 May 1945 when they returned to base, the Section with help of the CHOCTAW Mission which joined them 2 April 1945 ( see separate CHOCTAW summary), received and distributed 76 air drops of supplies...
wn.com/Cayuga Mission Circa 1945 Oss Office Of Strategic Services World War Ii Italy 10Min
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Training Film: On the OSS Operational Group's assistance in helping to organize and coordinate partisan activities in Italy during World War II. Describes the success of the mission; shows the 'Cayuga Team' at a briefing and parachuting, along with supplies, into the hilly Italian terrain."
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://www.ossog.org/italy/cayuga.html
...Mission:
The original mission for CAYUGA was assigned to the Italian OG Headquarters on 2 December 1944 by directive of the Allied Fifteenth Army Group. OG directive to CAYUGA was to:
- a. Establish liaison with the COMMANDO UNICO (CU) of Parma and several bands of patriots in that area; to coordinate their operations, advise, train and assist with partisan operations and transmit to them operational missions as ordered.
- b. Target enemy communications, installations and troops in the area, particularly along the Bedonia-Borgo Taro-Berceto Road and La Spezia-Parma Highway (No.62).
- c. Transmit to OG Headquarters all enemy intelligence information from all sources.
- d. Prevent friction within and between partisan bands.
- e. Attempt integration into a single command of the 1st and 2nd Julia Brigades, 31st and 32nd Garibaldi Brigades and the Beretta Band of the Parma CU; and consider adding to that command other independent bands west of Highway 62 that are not affiliated with the Picenza CU or the 1st Ligurian Division.
- f. Arrange through OG Headquarters for all air supply drops for all partisan bands in this general area.
- g. Cooperate with other Allied military missions which may be encountered.
Summary:
18 December 1944 Section was briefed for a scheduled 19 December departure which was forced to turn back due to bad weather. On 27 December they parachuted into ALBERTO drop zone (DZ) in three separate sticks led by Capt. Formichelli, T/Sgt. Alessi and S/Sgt. DiSilvestro - with Capt. Formichelli and T/Sgt Alessi receiving minor injuries because of hard snow and scattered trees where they landed.
Section was met by 1st Beretta Brigade which later gave ready access to the CU Headquarters and provided introduction to all of the CU units. After Capt Formicelli made individual assignments of Section members to the brigades, the OGs first made reconnaissance of their areas to identify ambush and other targets. And as air drops were received, they oversaw the distribution of those supplies and gave the partisans instructions on the use and care of the weapons and the tactics of guerilla and sabotage operations. To maintain communications between Section Headquarters and the various partisan units the OGs used messengers, sometimes telephone and later "300 sets".
Between 27 December 1944 when CAYUGA was deployed, and 10 May 1945 when they returned to base, the Section with help of the CHOCTAW Mission which joined them 2 April 1945 ( see separate CHOCTAW summary), received and distributed 76 air drops of supplies...
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 847
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:44
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 1370
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
SUBSCRIBE to https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenAudioBooks
-
Formed during World Wa...
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
SUBSCRIBE to https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenAudioBooks
-
Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
-
If you enjoyed listening to "Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services" please rate, comment and subscribe to GreenAudioBooks, We really appreciate it :)
Thanks for viewing Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
We hope you enjoyed Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
wn.com/Simple Sabotage Field Manual By United States Office Of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
SUBSCRIBE to https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenAudioBooks
-
Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This "Simple Sabotage Field Manual" was used by OSS agents in training "citizen-saboteurs" in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
-
If you enjoyed listening to "Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services" please rate, comment and subscribe to GreenAudioBooks, We really appreciate it :)
Thanks for viewing Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
We hope you enjoyed Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
- published: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 1370
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:39
- Updated: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2139
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved soun...
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings."
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR4pmCCDTsg
part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc
from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet :
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
wn.com/Inside Tibet Pt1 3 1943 Office Of Strategic Services ( Oss ) 14Min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings."
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR4pmCCDTsg
part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc
from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet :
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
- published: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2139
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:42
- Updated: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2149
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved soun...
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings."
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G_d5UNlJQs
part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc
from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet :
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
wn.com/Inside Tibet Pt2 3 1943 Office Of Strategic Services ( Oss ) 14Min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with much improved sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings."
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G_d5UNlJQs
part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEZ-BZvuxDc
from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet :
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
- published: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2149
Office of Strategic Services
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:46
- Updated: 06 Oct 2014
- views: 156
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predece...
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
wn.com/Office Of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed in order to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 06 Oct 2014
- views: 156
Nuremberg Trials: "That Justice Be Done" 1945 Office of Strategic Services Field Photographic Branch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:07
- Updated: 13 Oct 2013
- views: 2626
more at http://quickfound.net
'Compares the Nazi sense of justice, as exemplified in aggressive war and atrocities, with that of the war crimes tribunals at Nu...
more at http://quickfound.net
'Compares the Nazi sense of justice, as exemplified in aggressive war and atrocities, with that of the war crimes tribunals at Nuremberg. Excerpt from a speech by Adolf Hitler in which he proclaims his right to rid the world of inferior races; scenes of German atrocity victims and torture devices at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Foreign ministers of the three major powers sign the Moscow declaration in London...'
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg.
The first and best known of these trials, described as the "greatest trial in history" by Norman Birkett, one of the British judges who presided over it, was the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Held between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the Tribunal was given the task of trying 23 of the most important political and military leaders of the Third Reich, though one of the defendants, Martin Bormann, was tried in absentia, while another, Robert Ley, committed suicide within a week of the trial's commencement. Not included were Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels, all of whom had committed suicide several months before the indictment was signed.
The second set of trials of lesser war criminals was conducted under Control Council Law No. 10 at the US Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT); among them included the Doctors' Trial and the Judges' Trial...
Trial
The International Military Tribunal was opened on November 20, 1945, in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. The first session was presided over by the Soviet judge, Nikitchenko. The prosecution entered indictments against 24 major war criminals and seven organizations -- the leadership of the Nazi party, the Reich Cabinet, the Schutzstaffel (SS), Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the Gestapo, the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the "General Staff and High Command", comprising several categories of senior military officers. These organizations were to be declared "criminal" if found guilty...
Subsidiary and related trials
The American authorities conducted subsequent Nuremberg Trials in their occupied zone.
Other trials conducted after the Nuremberg Trials include the following:
- Dachau Trials
- Auschwitz Trial
- Belsen Trial
- Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials
- Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials
- Ravensbrück Trial
Legacy
The Tribunal is celebrated for establishing that "crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced." The creation of the IMT was followed by trials of lesser Nazi officials and the trials of Nazi doctors, who performed experiments on people in prison camps. It served as the model for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East which tried Japanese officials for crimes against peace and against humanity. It also served as the model[citation needed] for the Eichmann trial and for present-day courts at The Hague, for trying crimes committed during the Balkan wars of the early 1990s, and at Arusha, for trying the people responsible for the genocide in Rwanda...
wn.com/Nuremberg Trials That Justice Be Done 1945 Office Of Strategic Services Field Photographic Branch
more at http://quickfound.net
'Compares the Nazi sense of justice, as exemplified in aggressive war and atrocities, with that of the war crimes tribunals at Nuremberg. Excerpt from a speech by Adolf Hitler in which he proclaims his right to rid the world of inferior races; scenes of German atrocity victims and torture devices at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Foreign ministers of the three major powers sign the Moscow declaration in London...'
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg.
The first and best known of these trials, described as the "greatest trial in history" by Norman Birkett, one of the British judges who presided over it, was the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Held between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the Tribunal was given the task of trying 23 of the most important political and military leaders of the Third Reich, though one of the defendants, Martin Bormann, was tried in absentia, while another, Robert Ley, committed suicide within a week of the trial's commencement. Not included were Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels, all of whom had committed suicide several months before the indictment was signed.
The second set of trials of lesser war criminals was conducted under Control Council Law No. 10 at the US Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT); among them included the Doctors' Trial and the Judges' Trial...
Trial
The International Military Tribunal was opened on November 20, 1945, in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. The first session was presided over by the Soviet judge, Nikitchenko. The prosecution entered indictments against 24 major war criminals and seven organizations -- the leadership of the Nazi party, the Reich Cabinet, the Schutzstaffel (SS), Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the Gestapo, the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the "General Staff and High Command", comprising several categories of senior military officers. These organizations were to be declared "criminal" if found guilty...
Subsidiary and related trials
The American authorities conducted subsequent Nuremberg Trials in their occupied zone.
Other trials conducted after the Nuremberg Trials include the following:
- Dachau Trials
- Auschwitz Trial
- Belsen Trial
- Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials
- Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials
- Ravensbrück Trial
Legacy
The Tribunal is celebrated for establishing that "crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced." The creation of the IMT was followed by trials of lesser Nazi officials and the trials of Nazi doctors, who performed experiments on people in prison camps. It served as the model for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East which tried Japanese officials for crimes against peace and against humanity. It also served as the model[citation needed] for the Eichmann trial and for present-day courts at The Hague, for trying crimes committed during the Balkan wars of the early 1990s, and at Arusha, for trying the people responsible for the genocide in Rwanda...
- published: 13 Oct 2013
- views: 2626
Inside Tibet 1943 Office of Strategic Services; OSS Visits the Dalai Llama at Lhasa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:22
- Updated: 14 Feb 2016
- views: 37
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military an...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
wn.com/Inside Tibet 1943 Office Of Strategic Services Oss Visits The Dalai Llama At Lhasa
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
- published: 14 Feb 2016
- views: 37
Inside Tibet (1943) | Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:22
- Updated: 18 Mar 2015
- views: 80
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC Identifier 40103 / Local Identifier 226.5 - Inside Tibet - Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Service...
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC Identifier 40103 / Local Identifier 226.5 - Inside Tibet - Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). FILM REPORT: On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings.
wn.com/Inside Tibet (1943) | Office Of Strategic Services (Oss)
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC Identifier 40103 / Local Identifier 226.5 - Inside Tibet - Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). FILM REPORT: On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings.
- published: 18 Mar 2015
- views: 80
Spy Radio in World War II: "Strategic Service Transmitter-Receiver Number 1" SSTR-1 OSS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:30
- Updated: 31 Oct 2014
- views: 20264
more at http://quickfound.net/
Circa 1943. "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Instructional Film: Describes the radio transmitter-rece...
more at http://quickfound.net/
Circa 1943. "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Instructional Film: Describes the radio transmitter-receiver unit used during World War II. Explains compactness and ease of concealment, and outlines operations in detail: selection of electrical outlet, battery, or combination of both as power unit; antenna, assembly parts, installation, frequency determination and receiver operation; parts installation, attachment of crystal equipment and transmitter operation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://militaryradio.com/spyradio/sstr1.html
...The SSTR-1 "Suitcase Radio"
Probably the most famous clandestine radio used by OSS personnel was the SSTR-1 set. It was a portable HF receiver, transmitter, and power supply combination that was typically carried in a "suitcase". RDR was involved in the development (see the "RDR Corp." section), as was Pioneer Electric and Research in Forest Park, Illinois. A manufacturer of the SSR-1 receiver is reported to have been Finch Telecommunications of Passaic, NJ [ref. 28, page 233].
Major Henry Shore, a former RCA employee, was in charge of the development of the SSTR-1. Shore wanted RCA labs in NYC to work on the project, but they were much too busy with other wartime projects, so it was agreed that an RCA employee, Earl Anderson, would work at home on his own time. Anderson was given one of the existing AC/DC sets as a starting point, but he had to make major design changes, especially in the transmitter. According to Dean Cortright, the dimensions of the units were chosen so that they could fit inside a typical European loaf of bread. During the war, updates were made to the design, which resulted in changes in the specifications. Receivers went up to at least version "G", and transmitters to version "E". National Archives photos show at least 5 variations of the SST-1, each of which is different from the SST-1-E pictured below [see Brunner, ref. 28, pages 234-235]. One variant includes an RF ammeter to indicate antenna current, while 3 other variants appear to have a round filler panel to replace the meter with an antenna tuner knob that is marked 'RF Amperes' in conjunction with a resonance indicator lamp. The Archives photos also show two variants of the SSR-1 that are each different from the SSR-1-G pictured below. One of the SSR-1 models appears to be a very early version, as it covers 2.7-16 MC (not 17 MC), and uses a 0-100 tuning dial that is not calibrated for frequency...
SSTR-1 notes from a user:
It had a single 6L6 as a tri-tet oscillator/final and had 10 watts power output. However opening the long slender case the 6L6 was mounted horizontally and could be immersed in a jar of motor oil. Then with a better power supply I could turn this into 50 or more watts. Also with more filtering it would follow a bug at 25 wpm, which it would not do so before. There was also an ancillary unit which was a power amplifier using a single 815 tube and a pi-coupler antenna tuner in the same enclosure.
The thermocouple device [battery charger] was [nicknamed] the YTB-1 ("Yak Turd Burner"). The official nomenclature of the YTB-1 was the SSP-3.
The SSR-1 receiver was noted for drifting. We used to remove the screws from the case and remove the guts from the case just a bit, and using a pencil to move the case slightly back and forth it was nudged back to frequency...
wn.com/Spy Radio In World War Ii Strategic Service Transmitter Receiver Number 1 Sstr 1 Oss
more at http://quickfound.net/
Circa 1943. "Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch... Instructional Film: Describes the radio transmitter-receiver unit used during World War II. Explains compactness and ease of concealment, and outlines operations in detail: selection of electrical outlet, battery, or combination of both as power unit; antenna, assembly parts, installation, frequency determination and receiver operation; parts installation, attachment of crystal equipment and transmitter operation."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://militaryradio.com/spyradio/sstr1.html
...The SSTR-1 "Suitcase Radio"
Probably the most famous clandestine radio used by OSS personnel was the SSTR-1 set. It was a portable HF receiver, transmitter, and power supply combination that was typically carried in a "suitcase". RDR was involved in the development (see the "RDR Corp." section), as was Pioneer Electric and Research in Forest Park, Illinois. A manufacturer of the SSR-1 receiver is reported to have been Finch Telecommunications of Passaic, NJ [ref. 28, page 233].
Major Henry Shore, a former RCA employee, was in charge of the development of the SSTR-1. Shore wanted RCA labs in NYC to work on the project, but they were much too busy with other wartime projects, so it was agreed that an RCA employee, Earl Anderson, would work at home on his own time. Anderson was given one of the existing AC/DC sets as a starting point, but he had to make major design changes, especially in the transmitter. According to Dean Cortright, the dimensions of the units were chosen so that they could fit inside a typical European loaf of bread. During the war, updates were made to the design, which resulted in changes in the specifications. Receivers went up to at least version "G", and transmitters to version "E". National Archives photos show at least 5 variations of the SST-1, each of which is different from the SST-1-E pictured below [see Brunner, ref. 28, pages 234-235]. One variant includes an RF ammeter to indicate antenna current, while 3 other variants appear to have a round filler panel to replace the meter with an antenna tuner knob that is marked 'RF Amperes' in conjunction with a resonance indicator lamp. The Archives photos also show two variants of the SSR-1 that are each different from the SSR-1-G pictured below. One of the SSR-1 models appears to be a very early version, as it covers 2.7-16 MC (not 17 MC), and uses a 0-100 tuning dial that is not calibrated for frequency...
SSTR-1 notes from a user:
It had a single 6L6 as a tri-tet oscillator/final and had 10 watts power output. However opening the long slender case the 6L6 was mounted horizontally and could be immersed in a jar of motor oil. Then with a better power supply I could turn this into 50 or more watts. Also with more filtering it would follow a bug at 25 wpm, which it would not do so before. There was also an ancillary unit which was a power amplifier using a single 815 tube and a pi-coupler antenna tuner in the same enclosure.
The thermocouple device [battery charger] was [nicknamed] the YTB-1 ("Yak Turd Burner"). The official nomenclature of the YTB-1 was the SSP-3.
The SSR-1 receiver was noted for drifting. We used to remove the screws from the case and remove the guts from the case just a bit, and using a pencil to move the case slightly back and forth it was nudged back to frequency...
- published: 31 Oct 2014
- views: 20264
Tibetan "Break Dancing" (from "Inside Tibet") 1943 OSS (Office of Strategic Services)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 29 Dec 2015
- views: 550
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
This excerpt from "Inside Tibet" shows a dancing performance-competition at Lhasa by a troupe ...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
This excerpt from "Inside Tibet" shows a dancing performance-competition at Lhasa by a troupe of Kamba dancers who live off "the bounty of their audiences... This particular troupe is considered the most talented in all Tibet."
Full film "Inside Tibet" (39 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Inside Tibet: Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II..."
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
wn.com/Tibetan Break Dancing (From Inside Tibet ) 1943 Oss (Office Of Strategic Services)
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
This excerpt from "Inside Tibet" shows a dancing performance-competition at Lhasa by a troupe of Kamba dancers who live off "the bounty of their audiences... This particular troupe is considered the most talented in all Tibet."
Full film "Inside Tibet" (39 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fgEaS825eA
Inside Tibet: Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch "On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II..."
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
- published: 29 Dec 2015
- views: 550
Visiting the Dalai Lama at Lhasa: "Inside Tibet" 1943 Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:03
- Updated: 17 Nov 2014
- views: 3575
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military an...
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
wn.com/Visiting The Dalai Lama At Lhasa Inside Tibet 1943 Office Of Strategic Services (Oss)
more at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch
"On the journey of a U.S. military and diplomatic mission from Gangtok, India, to Lhasa, Tibet during World War II. The party journeys through Natu La and Kechu La passes, stops at the British trail station, Gyantse, reviews troops of Tropji Regiment and is ferried across the Brahmaputra River. Scenes of Tibetan natives, terrain, travel facilities, housing,a New Year religious festival, the Dalai Lama's palaces in Lhasa, monasteries and other religious buildings." The Dalai Lama, still a child (they say 10, but from the date of the film he should be 7 or 8) is seen briefly at the end.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved sound.
Public domain film from the US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604--650 CE) who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms and Tibetan power spread rapidly creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.
Under the next few Tibetan kings, Buddhism became established as the state religion and Tibetan power increased even further over large areas of Central Asia, while major inroads were made into Chinese territory, even reaching the Tang's capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in late 763. However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate... Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century...
Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung, and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.
In 1578, Altan Khan of the Tümed Mongols gave Sonam Gyatso, a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name Dalai Lama; Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso, or "Ocean".
The first Europeans to arrive in Tibet were the Portuguese missionaries António de Andrade and Manuel Marques in 1624. They were welcomed by the King and Queen of Guge, and were allowed to build a church and to introduce Christian belief. The king of Guge eagerly accepted Christianity as an offsetting religious influence to dilute the thriving Gelugpa and to counterbalance his potential rivals and consolidate his position. All missionaries were expelled in 1745...
Emerging with control over most of mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China incorporated Tibet in 1950 and negotiated the Seventeen Point Agreement with the newly crowned 14th Dalai Lama's government, affirming the People's Republic of China's sovereignty but granting the area autonomy. After the Dalai Lama government fled to Dharamsala, India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.
During the Great Leap Forward between 200 thousand and 1 million Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed around the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet, and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
- published: 17 Nov 2014
- views: 3575
Why and How the CIA Was Created: History, Secret Operations, Myths (2000)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:39
- Updated: 04 Mar 2015
- views: 2457
The CIA succeeded the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), formed during World War II to coordinate secret espionage activities against the Axis Powers for the b...
The CIA succeeded the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), formed during World War II to coordinate secret espionage activities against the Axis Powers for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. The National Security Act of 1947 established the CIA, affording it "no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad".
There has been considerable criticism of the CIA relating to security and counterintelligence failures, failures in intelligence analysis, human rights concerns, external investigations and document releases, influencing public opinion and law enforcement, drug trafficking, and lying to Congress. Others, such as Eastern bloc defector Ion Mihai Pacepa, have defended the CIA as "by far the world’s best intelligence organization," and argued that CIA activities are subjected to scrutiny unprecedented among the world's intelligence agencies.
According to its fiscal 2013 budget, the CIA has five priorities:
Counterterrorism, the top priority, given the ongoing Global War on Terror.
Nonproliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, with North Korea described as perhaps the most difficult target.
Warning American leaders of important overseas events, with Pakistan described as an "intractable target".
Counterintelligence, with China, Russia, Iran, Cuba, and Israel described as "priority" targets.
Cyber intelligence.
In September 1947, the National Security Act of 1947 established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency.[75] Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter was appointed as the first Director of Central Intelligence, and one of the first secret operations under him was the successful support of the Christian Democrats in Italy.[76] Critics of the CIA point to the failure to predict the South Korean attack or the subsequent Chinese support in 1950.[77]
The National Security Council Directive on Office of Special Projects, June 18, 1948 (NSC 10/2) further gave the CIA the authority to carry out covert operations "against hostile foreign states or groups or in support of friendly foreign states or groups but which are so planned and conducted that any U.S. government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorized persons and that if uncovered the US Government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility for them."[78]
In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act (Public law 81-110) authorized the agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures, and exempted it from most of the usual limitations on the use of Federal funds. It also exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." It also created the program "PL-110", to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" who fall outside normal immigration procedures, as well as giving those persons cover stories and economic support.[79]
Then-DCI Walter Bedell Smith, who enjoyed a special degree of Presidential trust because he had been Dwight D. Eisenhower's primary Chief of Staff during World War II, insisted that the CIA – or at least only one department – had to direct the OPC and OSO. Those organizations, as well as some minor functions, formed the euphemistically named Directorate of Plans in 1952.
Also in 1952, United States Army Special Forces were created, with some missions overlapping those of the Department of Plans. In general, the pattern emerged that the CIA could borrow resources from Special Forces, although it had its own special operators.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency
wn.com/Why And How The Cia Was Created History, Secret Operations, Myths (2000)
The CIA succeeded the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), formed during World War II to coordinate secret espionage activities against the Axis Powers for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. The National Security Act of 1947 established the CIA, affording it "no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad".
There has been considerable criticism of the CIA relating to security and counterintelligence failures, failures in intelligence analysis, human rights concerns, external investigations and document releases, influencing public opinion and law enforcement, drug trafficking, and lying to Congress. Others, such as Eastern bloc defector Ion Mihai Pacepa, have defended the CIA as "by far the world’s best intelligence organization," and argued that CIA activities are subjected to scrutiny unprecedented among the world's intelligence agencies.
According to its fiscal 2013 budget, the CIA has five priorities:
Counterterrorism, the top priority, given the ongoing Global War on Terror.
Nonproliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, with North Korea described as perhaps the most difficult target.
Warning American leaders of important overseas events, with Pakistan described as an "intractable target".
Counterintelligence, with China, Russia, Iran, Cuba, and Israel described as "priority" targets.
Cyber intelligence.
In September 1947, the National Security Act of 1947 established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency.[75] Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter was appointed as the first Director of Central Intelligence, and one of the first secret operations under him was the successful support of the Christian Democrats in Italy.[76] Critics of the CIA point to the failure to predict the South Korean attack or the subsequent Chinese support in 1950.[77]
The National Security Council Directive on Office of Special Projects, June 18, 1948 (NSC 10/2) further gave the CIA the authority to carry out covert operations "against hostile foreign states or groups or in support of friendly foreign states or groups but which are so planned and conducted that any U.S. government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorized persons and that if uncovered the US Government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility for them."[78]
In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act (Public law 81-110) authorized the agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures, and exempted it from most of the usual limitations on the use of Federal funds. It also exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." It also created the program "PL-110", to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" who fall outside normal immigration procedures, as well as giving those persons cover stories and economic support.[79]
Then-DCI Walter Bedell Smith, who enjoyed a special degree of Presidential trust because he had been Dwight D. Eisenhower's primary Chief of Staff during World War II, insisted that the CIA – or at least only one department – had to direct the OPC and OSO. Those organizations, as well as some minor functions, formed the euphemistically named Directorate of Plans in 1952.
Also in 1952, United States Army Special Forces were created, with some missions overlapping those of the Department of Plans. In general, the pattern emerged that the CIA could borrow resources from Special Forces, although it had its own special operators.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency
- published: 04 Mar 2015
- views: 2457
Office of Strategic Services - Iceland occupied in World War 2 (1/2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
- views: 2352
From the US National Archives and Records Administration. These recordings were made between November 1941 and early spring 1942.
National Archives and Record...
From the US National Archives and Records Administration. These recordings were made between November 1941 and early spring 1942.
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC 40149, LI 226-D-6550 - Iceland (Reel 1 of 2) - DVD Copied by Ann Galloway. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur (?). Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation.
wn.com/Office Of Strategic Services Iceland Occupied In World War 2 (1 2)
From the US National Archives and Records Administration. These recordings were made between November 1941 and early spring 1942.
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC 40149, LI 226-D-6550 - Iceland (Reel 1 of 2) - DVD Copied by Ann Galloway. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch. (01/04/1943 - 10/01/1945). Film Report: A survey of military facilities, road and airport systems in Iceland during the period November 1941 to early spring 1942. Air views of city, airport, outer and inner harbors, dock and airport facilities at Reykjavik. Shows U.S. Navy air station, prefabricated housing construction, Norwegian Air Force Detachment headquarters. A violent gale inflicts damage to vessels and amphibious aircraft at Skage Fjord. Animated diagrams of defense facilities, and allied naval vessels at Hafnarfjordhur (?). Shows a naval convoy on way to Halifax and a mid-ocean vessel refueling operation.
- published: 27 Jan 2013
- views: 2352
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60:59
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
more at http://quickfound.net
World War II espionage training film for OSS (Office of Str...
published: 12 Oct 2014
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office of Strategic Services Training Film; World War II
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- published: 12 Oct 2014
- views: 10686
19:06
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
more at http://quickfound.net
"DRAMATIZED TRAINING FILM: Demonstrates and describes body ...
published: 05 Jan 2015
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office of Strategic Services
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- published: 05 Jan 2015
- views: 1739
43:59
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
Film produced by the Off...
published: 24 Nov 2014
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US Navy Bureau of Yards & Docks
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- published: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 953
24:55
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/japan_news.html
'Office of Strategic Services. Fi...
published: 26 Mar 2015
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strategic Services, World War II
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- published: 26 Mar 2015
- views: 1464
14:32
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece...
published: 07 May 2012
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
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- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 58953
14:50
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
NEW VERSION in one piece...
published: 07 May 2012
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
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- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 28942
29:54
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Military Film Report: O...
published: 18 Oct 2014
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) World War II
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- published: 18 Oct 2014
- views: 2564
13:40
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
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Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch......
published: 22 Mar 2012
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services
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- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 7135
16:33
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
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"Office of Strategic Services. Field Photographic Branch.....
published: 20 Feb 2016
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 1942 Office of Strategic Services
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- published: 20 Feb 2016
- views: 17
58:52
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Serv...
published: 07 Nov 2012
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
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- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 7557
9:48
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
more at http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links.html
"Office of Strategic Ser...
published: 08 Apr 2012
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services World War II Italy 10min
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- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 847
58:44
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
SUBSCRIBE to h...
published: 11 Feb 2013
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Office of Strategic Services
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- published: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 1370
14:39
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSI...
published: 12 Oct 2011
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
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- published: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2139
14:42
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/links/history_search_and_news.html
NEW VERSI...
published: 12 Oct 2011
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) 14min
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- published: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 2149
Spy Training: "Undercover" circa 1944 OSS Office o...
Body Search circa 1945 OSS Training Film; Office ...
Seabees circa 1945 Office of Strategic Services-US...
Japanese Behavior circa 1943 OSS Office of Strateg...
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt1-2 circa 1944 Office of ...
Nazi Invasion of Crete pt2-2 circa 1944 Office of ...
Nazi Invasion of Crete circa 1944 Office of Strate...
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1...
Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) 194...
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - b...
Cayuga Mission circa 1945 OSS Office of Strategic ...
Simple Sabotage Field Manual by United States Offi...
Inside Tibet pt1-3 1943 Office of Strategic Servic...
Inside Tibet pt2-3 1943 Office of Strategic Servic...
Office of Strategic Services...
Nuremberg Trials: "That Justice Be Done" 1945 Offi...
Inside Tibet 1943 Office of Strategic Services; OS...
Inside Tibet (1943) | Office of Strategic Services...
Spy Radio in World War II: "Strategic Service Tran...
Tibetan "Break Dancing" (from "Inside Tibet") 1943...
Visiting the Dalai Lama at Lhasa: "Inside Tibet" 1...
Why and How the CIA Was Created: History, Secret O...
Office of Strategic Services - Iceland occupied in...
photo: AP / /K.M. Chuadary
56 dead, over 200 injured in a suicide blast outside park in Pakistan's Lahore
Edit The Times of India 27 Mar 2016
At least 56 people, including women and children, enjoying Easter holiday at a popular park, were on Sunday killed and nearly 200 others injured when a suicide bomber blew himself up in Pakistan's eastern city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab province ... The crowd was "unusually large" because of Easter ... "Still a good number of people are in critical condition," Emergency Services Rescue spokesperson Deeba Shahnaz said....
photo: AP / Warner Bros. Entertainment
‘Batman V Superman’ Hits Record Breaking $170 Million
Edit Inquisitr 28 Mar 2016
Dawn of Justice has been getting some mixed reviews, some stating that the movie was mediocre ... Dawn of Justice has made $170.1 million this opening weekend, smashing box office records in its path ... Regardless of the skepticism ... It was also opening weekend for My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2, although it may not be Batman V Superman numbers it was a big weekend for them with an estimated box office total of $18.1 million....
photo: Via YouTube
'The Walking Dead' finale teaser shows off the next big villain
Edit Business Insider 28 Mar 2016
After an international teaser leaked online earlier this week, AMC released the official season finale teaser trailer for "The Walking Dead," giving fans their first glimpse of the show's next big villain, Negan ... The episode trailer shows off the first image of Negan from behind wearing the character's iconic leather jacket. We don't even get to see the front of his face, and I'm already excited....
photo: Via YouTube
Watch: New 'Game of Thrones' Season 6 teaser promises violence and death
Edit Toronto Sun 28 Mar 2016photo: AP / Robert F. Bukaty
Trump Is ‘Completely Uneducated About Any Part of The World’
Edit Breitbart 27 Mar 2016
American policy for decades since World War II has been trying to keep nukes out of that arena.” “He would stop importing oil from Saudi Arabia if they don’t pay more for their defense,” she continued....
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Elizabeth McIntosh,: Journalist who became an agent for the Office of Strategic Services whose efforts ...
Edit The Independent 16 Jun 2015
Elizabeth McIntosh, who has died at the age of 100, conjured lies in the line of duty for the US Office of Strategic Services and as an author wrote about the women who used their brains, and sometimes their bodies, to help the spy agency in the Second World War ... At her office, she wrote, ... Elizabeth Sebree Peet, Office of Strategic Services agent....
Latta Introduces Bill to Honor the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) (Robert E Latta)
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