Integrated Circuit

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MAKE presents: The Integrated Circuit

Duration: 5:25
Updated: 05 Sep 2014
author: Make:

A brief introduction to the technology that makes it possible for today's electronics to do so much with very little space - the IC (aka microchip)

http://wn.com/MAKE_presents_The_Integrated_Circuit

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The Fabrication of Integrated Circuits

Duration: 10:42
Updated: 04 Sep 2014
author: Rob Mulargia

Discover what's inside the electronics you use every day!

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The invention of the Integrated Circuit Robert Norton Noyce (The Inventor)

Duration: 56:29
Updated: 17 Dec 2014

The idea of integrating electronic circuits into a single device was born when the German physicist and engineer Werner Jacobi (de) developed and patented the first known integrated transistor amplifier in 1949 and the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer proposed to integrate a variety of standard electronic components in a monolithic semiconductor crystal in 1952. A year later, Harwick Johnson filed a patent for a prototype integrated circuit (IC). These ideas could not be implemented by the industry in the early 1950s, but a breakthrough came in late 1958. Three people from three U.S. companies solved three fundamental problems that hindered the production of integrated circuits. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments patented the principle of integration, created the first prototype ICs and commercialized them. Kurt Lehovec of Sprague Electric Company invented a way to electrically isolate components on a semiconductor crystal. Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor invented a way to connect the IC components (aluminium metallization) and proposed an improved version of insulation based on the planar technology by Jean Hoerni. On September 27, 1960, using the ideas of Noyce and Hoerni, a group of Jay Last's at Fairchild Semiconductor created the first operational semiconductor IC. Texas Instruments, which held the patent for Kilby's invention, started a patent war, which was settled in 1966 by the agreement on cross-licensing. There is no consensus on who invented the IC. The American press of the 1960s named four people: Kilby, Lehovec, Noyce and Hoerni; in the 1970s the list was shortened to Kilby and Noyce, and then to Kilby, who was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit". In the 2000s, historians Leslie Berlin, Bo Lojek and Arjun Saxena reinstated the idea of multiple IC inventors and revised the contribution of Kilby. During and right after World War II a phenomenon named "the tyranny of numbers" has been noticed, that is, some computational devices reached a complexity at which the losses from failures and downtime exceeded the expected benefits. Each Boeing B-29 (put into service in 1944) carried 300–1000 vacuum tubes and tens of thousands of passive components. The number of vacuum tubes reached thousands in advanced computers and more than 17,000 in the ENIAC (1946).Each additional component reduced the reliability of a device and lengthened the troubleshooting time. Traditional electronics reached a deadlock that a further development of electronic devices required reducing the number of their components. The invention of the transistor in 1948 led to the expectations of a new technological revolution. Fiction writers and journalists heralded the imminent appearance of "intelligent machines" and robotization of all aspects of life. Although transistors did reduce the size and power consumption, they could not solve the problem of reliability of complex electronic devices. On the contrary, dense packing of components in small devices hindered their repair. While the reliability of discrete components was brought to the theoretical limit in the 1950s, there was no improvement in the connections between the components. Early developments of the integrated circuit go back to 1949, when the German engineer Werner Jacobi (de) (Siemens AG) filed a patent for an integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 3-stage amplifier arrangement with two transistors working „upside-down“ as impedance converter. Jacobi disclosed small and cheap hearing aids as typical industrial applications of his patent. An immediate commercial use of his patent has not been reported. On May 7, 1952, the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer formulated the idea of integration in a public speech in Washington: With the advent of the transistor and the work in semiconductors generally, it seems now to be possible to envisage electronic equipment in a solid block with no connecting wires. The block may consist of layers of insulating, conducting, rectifying and amplifying materials, the electrical functions being connected by cutting out areas of the various layers. ummer later became famous as "the prophet of integrated circuits", but not as their inventor. In 1956 he produced an IC prototype by growth from the melt, but his work was deemed impractical by the UK Ministry of Defence, because of the high cost and inferior parameters of the IC compared to discrete devices. In the United States, in October 1952, Bernard Oliver filed a patent application for a method of manufacturing three electrically connected planar transistors on one semiconductor crystal.

http://wn.com/The_invention_of_the_Integrated_Circuit_Robert_Norton_Noyce_(The_Inventor)

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Digital Electronics: Logic Gates - Integrated Circuits Part 1

Duration: 8:46
Updated: 04 Sep 2014
author: Derek Molloy

This is the Integrated Circuits Experiment as part of the EE223 Introduction to Digital Electronics Module. This is one of the circuits in the EE223 Introduc...

http://wn.com/Digital_Electronics_Logic_Gates_-_Integrated_Circuits_Part_1

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What is an integrated circuit?

Duration: 4:40
Updated: 03 Sep 2014
author: Rob Winter

Brief explanation of what an I.C is for the purposes of AQA electronic products revision.

http://wn.com/What_is_an_integrated_circuit?

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The Impact of Integrated Circuits (Electronic Computer Evolution) - The revolutionary Microprocessor

Duration: 78:05
Updated: 29 Nov 2014

microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. All modern CPUs are microprocessors making the micro- prefix redundant. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system. The integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip or on a few chips greatly reduced the cost of processing power. The integrated circuit processor was produced in large numbers by highly automated processes, so unit cost was low. Single-chip processors increase reliability as there are many fewer electrical connections to fail. As microprocessor designs get faster, the cost of manufacturing a chip (with smaller components built on a semiconductor chip the same size) generally stays the same. Before microprocessors, small computers had been implemented using racks of circuit boards with many medium- and small-scale integrated circuits. Microprocessors integrated this into one or a few large-scale ICs. Continued increases in microprocessor capacity have since rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete (see history of computing hardware), with one or more microprocessors used in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers. An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometer, and now is tens of nanometers. ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors. ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2. Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits. The internal arrangement of a microprocessor varies depending on the age of the design and the intended purposes of the microprocessor. The complexity of an integrated circuit is bounded by physical limitations of the number of transistors that can be put onto one chip, the number of package terminations that can connect the processor to other parts of the system, the number of interconnections it is possible to make on the chip, and the heat that the chip can dissipate. Advancing technology makes more complex and powerful chips feasible to manufacture. A minimal hypothetical microprocessor might only include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control logic section. The ALU performs operations such as addition, subtraction, and operations such as AND or OR. Each operation of the ALU sets one or more flags in a status register, which indicate the results of the last operation (zero value, negative number, overflow, or others). The control logic section retrieves instruction operation codes from memory, and initiates whatever sequence of operations of the ALU requires to carry out the instruction.

http://wn.com/The_Impact_of_Integrated_Circuits_(Electronic_Computer_Evolution)_-_The_revolutionary_Microprocessor

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Integrated Circuit (IC) Fabrication

Duration: 15:29
Updated: 31 Aug 2014
author: booksofscience

An overview of Integrated Circuit or IC fabrication is presented. The masking and photoresist steps are shown for a self-aligned silicon gate N-Channel trans...

http://wn.com/Integrated_Circuit_(IC)_Fabrication

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Getting gold from integrated circuit, IC, chip

Duration: 4:31
Updated: 13 Apr 2014

http://www.goldextractionprocess.com Getting gold from integrated circuit also referred to as an IC, chip, or a microchip. Gold mining on the soil.

http://wn.com/Getting_gold_from_integrated_circuit,_IC,_chip

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Fairchild Briefing on Integrated Circuits

Duration: 29:52
Updated: 05 Sep 2014
author: ComputerHistory

[Recorded: October, 1967] This half hour color promotional/educational film on the integrated circuit was produced and sponsored by Fairchild Semiconductor C...

http://wn.com/Fairchild_Briefing_on_Integrated_Circuits

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Integrated Circuit (IC)

Duration: 1:44
Updated: 25 Aug 2014
author: MobilePhoneRepairing

http://www.mobilecellphonerepairing.com/integrated-circuit-ic.html What is an Integrated Circuit or IC? Integrated Circuit or IC is an electronic component m...

http://wn.com/Integrated_Circuit_(IC)

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FABRICATION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Duration: 2:00
Updated: 12 Aug 2014
author: Sundar Oblan

This video is by Intel, but a little editing in the middle to show what process has been carried out. I hope that this video will provide a much clear unders...

http://wn.com/FABRICATION_OF_INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS

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How to Recover Gold from Integrated Circuits Chips

Duration: 5:09
Updated: 07 Sep 2014
author: indeedItdoes

http://www.goldnscrap.com Here's a short video demonstration on the process of Gold Recovery from scrap Integrated Circuits Chip (epoxy based). Please note, ...

http://wn.com/How_to_Recover_Gold_from_Integrated_Circuits_Chips

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Integrated Circuits: The Foundation of Modern Society

Duration: 10:00
Updated: 03 Sep 2014
author: AR Captures

Please enjoy our documentary on the integrated circuit, which has had and will continue to have a profound impact on our modern society.

http://wn.com/Integrated_Circuits_The_Foundation_of_Modern_Society

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Beginner 555 IC chip tutorial

Duration: 7:36
Updated: 03 Sep 2014
author: electronhacks

The 555 IC is a multivibrator integrated circuit that can be used in thousands of applications. I show how to build astable and monistable circuits (blink an...

http://wn.com/Beginner_555_IC_chip_tutorial

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Desoldering Part Two - removing and replacing an integrated circuit (IC Chip)

Duration: 11:22
Updated: 04 Jul 2014
author: solderingsite

How to desolder, remove and replace a through hole Integrated circuit (IC Chip) on a printed circuit board (PCB) using an Edsyn Soldapullt DS-017 desoldering...

http://wn.com/Desoldering_Part_Two_-_removing_and_replacing_an_integrated_circuit_(IC_Chip)

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Integrated circuit: Structure

Duration: 2:17
Updated: 19 Mar 2014
author: ChipDipvideo

In integrated circuits the process of forming active elements (transistors, diodes), passive elements (resistors, capacitors) and connection elements takes p...

http://wn.com/Integrated_circuit_Structure

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Application-specific integrated circuit

Duration: 16:22
Updated: 20 Aug 2014

An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) /ˈeɪsɪk/, is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficiency Bitcoin miner is an ASIC. Application-specific standard products (ASSPs) are intermediate between ASICs and industry standard integrated circuits like the 7400 or the 4000 series. As feature sizes have shrunk and design tools improved over the years, the maximum complexity (and hence functionality) possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 gates to over 100 million. Modern ASICs often include entire microprocessors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, flash memory and other large building blocks. Such an ASIC is often termed a SoC (system-on-chip). Designers of digital ASICs often use a hardware description language (HDL), such as Verilog or VHDL, to describe the functionality of ASICs. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video

http://wn.com/Application-specific_integrated_circuit

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Processing Integrated Circuits at Bell Labs (1979) - AT&T; Archives

Duration: 9:26
Updated: 03 Jun 2014
author: AT&T; Tech Channel

Watch more great films from the AT&T; Archives at http://techchannel.att.com/archives By 1979, the development of Bell Labs' Bellmac32, the first 32-bit chip,...

http://wn.com/Processing_Integrated_Circuits_at_Bell_Labs_(1979)_-_AT&T;_Archives

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Integrated Circuit CPU in MINECRAFT!

Duration: 6:49
Updated: 15 Sep 2014

If you find this cool or impressive please leave a like! /warp ic no schem yet due to the schems site being down. Intro was made by Zuba2222, Subscribe to him here ; https://www.youtube.com/user/zuba2222 I DO NOT USE COMMAND BLOCKS, THEY'RE CHEAP AND STUPID. DON'T ASK ME TO USE THEM! Subscribe http://goo.gl/OTW7ox Show your support, Donate your Dogecoins to me: DQjjK4ypzuFxj3eK3nCapsq1VsNT89kzug Find my custom Pc page on facebook https://www.facebook.com/AlexsCustomPcs Server Ips) Build mc.openredstone.org School sc.openredstone.org survival openredstone.org Teamspeak ts.openredstone.org Map download of my single player world (ignore the names lol) THIS MAP IS UPDATED! http://www.mediafire.com/?rgci6hew8o4k7zz If you want a tutorial or anything Just leave a comment! Please Subscribe if you liked the video also don't forget to give a thumbs up. :)

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Integrated Circuit

Duration: 2:03
Updated: 15 Aug 2014
author: TutorVista

Check out us at:http://physics.tutorvista.com Integrated Circuit Definition Integrated circuits are the building blocks of any electronic gadgets.Every elect...

http://wn.com/Integrated_Circuit

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NHD 2010 - Integrated Circuits: The Foundation of Modern Society

Duration: 10:01
Updated: 26 Jul 2014
author: AR Captures

This is our 2010 National History Day project. The theme for this year was "Innovation in History: Impact and Change." Over the course of seven months of con...

http://wn.com/NHD_2010_-_Integrated_Circuits_The_Foundation_of_Modern_Society

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The Copper Plated Integrated Circuit - Relay Circuit (1969)

Duration: 2:42
Updated: 27 May 2013

http://wn.com/The_Copper_Plated_Integrated_Circuit_-_Relay_Circuit_(1969)

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AutoCAD Training - 'Practicing' Integrated Circuit [IC]

Duration: 8:53
Updated: 22 Aug 2014
author: Lucy Angel

AutoCAD Training - 'Practicing' Integrated Circuit [IC] AutoCAD 2014 Tutorial, computer design programs, autocad online courses, scale, classes, online autoc...

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photo: AP / Bernat Armangue

Nepal's security personnel remove debris from a budget hotel that collapsed in Saturday’s earthquake, in Kalanki neighbourhood of Kathmandu, Nepal, Sunday, April 26, 2015.

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More than 2,200 confirmed dead in Nepal earthquake

Stars and Stripes

26 Apr 2015

KATHMANDU, Nepal — A powerful aftershock shook Nepal on Sunday, making buildings sway and sending panicked Kathmandu residents running into the streets a day after a massive earthquake left more than 2,200 people dead. The cawing of crows mixed with terrified screams as the magnitude 6.7 aftershock pummeled the capital city early Sunday afternoon ... "The aftershocks keep coming ... You can hear women and children crying." ... ___ ... ....

photo: AP / Niranjan Shrestha

An elderly injured woman is taken to her home after treatment in Bhaktapur near Kathmandu, Nepal, Sunday, April 26, 2015, following a deadly earthquake.

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Nepal earthquake: death toll climbs towards 2,000 as world responds

The Guardian

26 Apr 2015

Officials say more than 700 died in Kathmandu alone, and at least 17 killed by an avalanche on Mount Everest’s base camp. Rescue workers search for victims in Bhaktapur, near Kathmandu, on Sunday. Photograph. Niranjan Shrestha/AP. Anna Codrea-Rado, Pete Pattisson and Ishwar Rauniyar in Kathmandu, Jason Burke in Delhi, Justin McCurry, Robin McKie and agencies. Sunday 26 April 2015 08.07 BST ... Related. Everest avalanche ... We are all petrified.”....

photo: AP / Niranjan Shrestha

An injured man receives treatment outside the Medicare Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, Saturday, April 25, 2015.

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Powerful earthquake kills at least 718 in Nepal, causes avalanches in Himalayas, officials say

Newsday

25 Apr 2015

Add comment Reprints + -. Volunteers help with rescue work at the site of a building that collapsed after an earthquake in Kathmandu, Nepal, Saturday, April 25, 2015. Photo Credit. AP / Niranjan Shrestha. advertisement . advertise on newsday ... Everest. It was the worst tremor to hit the poor South Asian nation in over 80 years. At least 688 people were confirmed dead in Nepal, according to the police ... "It was very scary ... advertisement ... The U.S....

photo: Public Domain / Henry Morgenthau

File - Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide. Scenes like this were common all over the Armenian provinces, in the spring and summer months of 1915.

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Yes, the Slaughter of the Armenians Was Genocide

The Daily Beast

24 Apr 2015

The Turkish government may not want to admit it, but the murder and removal of millions of Armenians was genocide. Genocide is not the murder of people but the murder of a people ... Genocide, thus, is “ethnically inspired violence” but should be distinguished from ethnic cleansing, which may entail killing but more immediately involves displacement and deportation, the physical moving of a distinct population ... How Many Armenians? ... ....

photo: AP / Elise Amendola

Republican presidential candidate, Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., speaks to potential voters at a campaign house party, Friday, April 17, 2015, in Manchester, N.H.

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Republicans Pierced N.H. and ''They'll Pierce the U.S. in '16''

WorldNews.com

24 Apr 2015

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "We have fallen on great times for little men" is what the New York Tribune wrote when hearing about the presidential candidates.(1) Four years later, the newspaper proved to be correct. The nation regretted their unfortunate choice of New Hampshire's Franklin Pierce who ran on the popular slogan ... As for Cuba, his Ostend Manifesto stated that the U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com) ... 108 ... 90....

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Vivek Wadha: Star Trek or Mad Max future? It’s our choice

Fresno Bee

27 Apr 2015

until about 2029. The implications are mind-boggling ... electromechanical, relay, vacuum tube, discrete transistor and integrated circuits ... Census, via the machines that cracked the Nazi enigma code, the CBS vacuum-tube computer, the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches and more recently the integrated-circuit-based personal computer ... There are 3D chips in development that can pack circuits in layers ... It is up to us ... ....

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Time to be scared of your phone?

The Times of India

26 Apr 2015

electromechanical, relay, vacuum tube, discrete transistor, and integrated circuits ... from the mechanical calculating devices used in the 1890 US Census, via the machines that cracked the Nazi enigma code, the CBS vacuum-tube computer, the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches, and more recently the integrated-circuit-based PC ... There are 3D chips in development that can pack circuits in layers....

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April 19th - 25th

Minds

26 Apr 2015

Five Years Ago. By this time in 2010, everyone had seen the leaked draft of ACTA — so, naturally, the USTR decided it was time to release it ... what each country is pushing for ... Also in 2010 ... Put in the simplest terms, the law states that the power of computer processors (more technically, the number of transistors in dense integrated circuits) will double every two years — and that's exactly what's happened for half a century....

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Op-Ed: Ex-Im Bank hurts Mass. firms

Boston Herald

26 Apr 2015

Thermo Optek Corp., a process-control instruments manufacturer with 1,150 employees in Franklin; semiconductor manufacturer Intel with 900 workers in Hudson; Schott North America in Southbridge, which employs 220 people making optical instruments and lenses; and, Nexx Systems of Billerica, which produces integrated circuits are only some examples of Massachusetts businesses that bear the costs of Ex-Im’s subsidies ... Author(s). ... ....

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Editorial: Ex-Im Bank hurts Mass. firms

Boston Herald

26 Apr 2015

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Soon, phones smarter than us

The Times of India

25 Apr 2015

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Northwestern Scientists Develop First Liquid Nanolaser (Northwestern University)

noodls

25 Apr 2015

(Source. Northwestern University). EVANSTON, Ill. --- Northwestern University scientists have developed the first liquid nanoscale laser ... • They can be used as on-chip light sources for optoelectronic integrated circuits; ... Odom's research team has found a way to integrate liquid gain materials with gold nanoparticle arrays to achieve nanoscale plasmon lasing that can be tuned dynamical, reversibly and in real time ... distributed by ... (noodl....

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Maxim Shares Drop On Disappointing Revenue Outlook

Big News Network

24 Apr 2015

Maxim Integrated Products Inc. shares fell in the extended session Thursday after the integrated circuit maker's revenue for the quarter and outlook fell below Wall Street ... ....

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Data I/O Receives 2015 SMT China Vision Award for its New PSV3000 Integrated Automated Programming System (Data I/O Corporation)

noodls

24 Apr 2015

The PSV3000 expertly integrates Data I/O's FlashCORE III trusted programming engine with intelligent system design and robotics handling system for high programming yield and system reliability at an attractive price ... Our expertise in programmable integrated circuits, global supply chain processes, and IP management and protection helps bring innovative new products to life....

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The coming problem of smartphones being more intelligent than us

Canberra Times

24 Apr 2015

electromechanical, relay, vacuum tube, discrete transistor and integrated circuits ... from the mechanical calculating devices used in the 1890 US Census, via the machines that cracked the Nazi enigma code, the CBS vacuum-tube computer, the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches and, more recently, the integrated-circuit-based personal computer ... There are 3D chips in development that can pack circuits in layers ... ....

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U.S.-Russian Innovation Corridor Program Connects Visiting Russian Startups to U.S. Experts

Seattle Post

24 Apr 2015

Recent startup acceleration program advances U.S.-Russia innovation, entrepreneurship, and commercialization initiatives. Washington, D.C. (PRWEB) April 23, 2015. Six startups from Russia traveled to the Washington, D.C. region on April 4-17 as part of the U.S.-Russia Innovation Corridor (USRIC) program ... Dan E ... a regional leader in the development of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) for microelectronics FerroMagnet....

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Mattson Technology, Inc. Reports Results for the First Quarter of 2015 (Mattson Technology Inc)

noodls

24 Apr 2015

(Source. Mattson Technology Inc) **Mattson** - Mattson Technology, Inc. Reports Results for the First Quarter of 2015. Mattson Technology, Inc. Reports Results for the First Quarter of 2015. FREMONT, CA -- (Marketwired) -- 04/23/15 -- Mattson Technology, Inc.(NASDAQ ... Business Highlights ... Conference Call ... designs, manufactures and markets semiconductor wafer processing equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits ... Telephone ... J....

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FPGA Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2014 - 2020

PR Newswire

23 Apr 2015

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit or semiconductor device used to implement logical function that an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) could perform, but the ability to update the functionality after manufacturing offers advantages such as re-programming in the field for rapid prototyping and debugging for many applications....

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Related Topics

MAKE presents: The Integrated Circuit

The Fabrication of Integrated Circuits

The invention of the Integrated Circuit Robert Norton Noyce (The Inventor)

Digital Electronics: Logic Gates - Integrated Circuits Part 1

What is an integrated circuit?

The Impact of Integrated Circuits (Electronic Computer Evolution) - The revolutionary Microprocessor