- published: 13 Oct 2013
- views: 395492
A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered as flight controls as they change speed.
The fundamentals of aircraft controls are explained in flight dynamics. This article centers on the operating mechanisms of the flight controls. The basic system in use on aircraft first appeared in a readily recognizable form as early as April 1908, on Louis Blériot's Blériot VIII pioneer-era monoplane design.
Generally, the primary cockpit flight controls are arranged as follows:
The control yokes also vary greatly amongst aircraft. There are yokes where roll is controlled by rotating the yoke clockwise/counterclockwise (like steering a car) and pitch is controlled by tilting the control column towards you or away from you, but in others the pitch is controlled by sliding the yoke into and out of the instrument panel (like most Cessnas, such as the 152 and 172), and in some the roll is controlled by sliding the whole yoke to the left and right (like the Cessna 162). Centre sticks also vary between aircraft. Some are directly connected to the control surfaces using cables, others (fly-by-wire airplanes) have a computer in between which then controls the electrical actuators.
A control system is a device, or set of devices to manage, command, direct or regulate the behavior of other devices or system.
There are two common classes of control systems, with many variations and combinations: logic or sequential controls, and feedback or linear controls. There is also fuzzy logic, which attempts to combine some of the design simplicity of logic with the utility of linear control. Some devices or systems are inherently not controllable.
The term "control system" may be applied to the essentially manual controls that allow an operator, for example, to close and open a hydraulic press, perhaps including logic so that it cannot be moved unless safety guards are in place.
An automatic sequential control system may trigger a series of mechanical actuators in the correct sequence to perform a task. For example various electric and pneumatic transducers may fold and glue a cardboard box, fill it with product and then seal it in an automatic packaging machine.
In the case of linear feedback systems, a control loop, including sensors, control algorithms and actuators, is arranged in such a fashion as to try to regulate a variable at a setpoint or reference value. An example of this may increase the fuel supply to a furnace when a measured temperature drops. PID controllers are common and effective in cases such as this. Control systems that include some sensing of the results they are trying to achieve are making use of feedback and so can, to some extent, adapt to varying circumstances. Open-loop control systems do not make use of feedback, and run only in pre-arranged ways.
[Intro:]
This is a story about control, my control
Control of what I say, control of what I do
And this time I'm gonna do it my way
I hope you enjoy as much as I do
Are we ready? I am, because it's all about control
And I've got lots of it
[Verse 1: Ab-Soul]
Soulo ho, the one and only
You niggas know me, your bitches want me
Determination, I got a grip, 9-5 locs I am not a Crip
Blood, sweat and tears, hotel tiers
Your short term tall tales won't sell here
And Ms. Aiko told me let my soul sail here
Let me get a 'hell yeah'
Open your eyes
You niggas know what it is
It's about that time
Soulo ho?
You niggas know what it is
It's been a hell of a ride
You niggas know what it is
We live one hell of a life
So Soulo ho?
[Verse 2:]
Manipulating minds, reciprocating times
Split on my
Said I was the underdog, turns out I'm the secret
weapon
We can see you half-stepping, I should somersault
Some are salty that I made it in the way I did
Cause I really did everything I say I did
Let me tell you why I'm vexed
The same reason why I'm stressed, the same reason why
I'm blessed
I stopped playing, and I started planning
I stopped playing, and I made it happen
We mapped it out, and now the map is ours
Raised my stats off of records, check an almanac
Thank God punchline knew I had a knack
Down two die to get my point across like craps
Control System, cut off your radios, cut off your
television