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By Allison Miller, Keith Clarke, Elizabeth Wilkes, and Sterling Conyers Works Cited 1. "Brazil." Infoplease. N.p., 2011. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. http://www.infopl...
Within a brief period of time this tiny nation grew into an economic empire that spanned the globe, dominating trade in East India for two centuries. Portuga...
Sao Paulo - Minas Gerais - Rio de Janeiro Volume I MUSICA SACRA DO BRASIL COLONIAL Par le Choeur et l'orchestre Vox Brasiliensis Direction Ricardo Kanji 1 Ma...
HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL por BÓRIS FAUSTO - parte 01/07) . Neste episódio: a história do Brasil colonial e suas formas de organização. ----------------------------...
09-04-13 Institute for the Study of the Americas http://www.sas.ac.uk/ http://events.sas.ac.uk/isa/events/view/13602/The+Canning+House+History+Series%3A+Colo...
Colonial Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Colônia) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a kingdom alongside Portugal as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. During the early 300 years of Brazilian colonial history, the economic exploitation of the territory was based first on brazilwood extraction (16th century), sugar production (16th–18th centuries), and finally on gold and diamond mining (18th century). Slaves, especially those brought from Africa, provided most of the working force of the Brazilian economy. In contrast to the neighboring fragmented Spanish possessions, the Portuguese colony, built up by the Portuguese in Latin America, kept its territorial unity and linguistic integrity after independence, giving rise to the largest country in the region.Why? How? This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video
Dr. Erik Myrup - History 564, Snow Day Lecture (20 February 2015)
video lecture on colonial Brazil Hist75V
http://aulade.com.br/
Na nossa primeira aula de história, o prof. Schiavone irá revisar o período colonial brasileiro, passando pelos principais tópicos desse pedaço da história d...
By: Leo Gelband, João Paulo Trejos, and Rodrigo Oliveira
Explicações das artes coloniais em ferro forjado email: mkddireto@gmail.com.
With a stay at Pousada Colonial Chile in Salvador (Pelourinho), you'll be minutes from Castro Alves Square and Nossa Senhora de Conceicao da Praia Church. This hotel is within close proximity of Rio Blanco Palace and Sao Bento Church and Monastery. Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 28 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars and LCD televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms with showers are provided. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and blackout drapes/curtains. Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Take in the views from a rooftop terrace and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access. Dining A complimentary buffet breakfast is served daily.Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk and luggage storage. . Details: Check-in: 12:00 PM Check-out: 12:00 PM 418377
Vídeo produzido na disciplina de História e Teoria da Arte, da Arquitetura e da Cidade VI, Arquitetura e Urbanismo FURB. Neste pequeno documentário mostrarem...
Parati is a typical small town in Brazil and definitely worth checking out for its great beaches and quaint downtown. This video slideshow presentation discu...
Near Iguassu Falls and Bird Park.
Brazil Hotels - Sao Paulo State Hotels - Pindamonhangaba Hotels - Colonial Plaza Hotel. Our Website: http://hotelpromotions.tv
The City founded by the French in 1612 and colonized by the Portuguese. The city was built by wealthy Portuguese. The city is the colonial past of Brazil. Th...
Brazil Hotels - Parana Hotels - Foz do Iguaçu Hotels - Hotel Harbor Colonial. Our Website: http://hotelpromotions.tv.
Family And Frontier In Colonial Brazil. By Alida C. Metcalf. Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil was originally publ... http://www.thebookwoods.com/book01/0292706529.html Author of the book in this video: Alida C. Metcalf The book in this video is published by: University Of Texas Press THE MAKER OF THIS VIDEO IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH OR ENDORSED BY THE PUBLISHING COMPANIES OR AUTHORS OF THE BOOK IN THIS VIDEO. ---- DISCLAIMER --- Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. All content in this video and written content are copyrighted to their respective owners. All book covers and art are copyrighted to their respective publishing companies and/or authors. We do not own, nor claim ownership of any images used in this video. All credit for the images or photography go to their rightful owners.
História do Brasil Colonial I - Pgm 16 - Economia e sociedade do açúcar - Parte 1 Nesta aula, é analisada a articulação entre cultura açucareira e a consolid...
Brazil Hotels - Parana Hotels - Foz do Iguaçu Hotels - Budget Harbor Colonial. Our Website: http://hotelpromotions.tv
Travel video about destination Brazil. Brazil is a country of both the superlative and also amazing contrast, with dynamic metropolises, cultural centres and untouched nature. It is the largest country on the South American Continent.We begin our journey in Rio De Janeiro, the secret capital of Brazil, a veritable firework display of unashamed joie de vivre, football, samba and religion. The focal point of today’s Rio is the monumental glass cone of the Catedral Metropolitana that measures eighty metres high and looks like a Mexican pyramid. The Rua Do Ouvidor, with its elegant old buildings and splendid shops, is a reminder of the city’s historical and commercial importance. Portuguese settlers founded the city and sugar cane and gold made Rio’s colonial rulers extremely rich. In former times the coastal towns were protected by fortresses and canons. Paraty was one of those romantic locations, south of Rio on the Costa Verde, a gem dating back to Brazil’s colonial times. Around five hundred kilometres north of Rio and deep within the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, is a most remarkable place. Ouro Preto was discovered at the end of the seventeenth century by Portuguese gold prospectors who discovered ‘black gold’ that changed colour due to its iron content. São Paulo is one of the mega cities of the twenty first century and with a population of twenty million it is the economic heart of Brazil. The railway helped to transport cotton and later coffee, and its large station, with British-designed clock tower, became an important symbol. Brazil is synonymous with sunshine, samba and exotic nature, a dream destination full of both adventure and constant fun!
http://www.expedia.com/Rio-De-Janeiro.d178301.Destination-Travel-Guides The early morning in Rio de Janeiro brings quiet, misty coastlines and pink-purple sunrises. The Brazilian locals are up and about soon enough, piling onto the beautiful beaches and expressing themselves through artwork, dance, and the ubiquitous Rio de Janeiro partying. A Rio de Janeiro tour must stop at Christ the Redeemer, the ubiquitous statue that watches over the city from above the Tijuca National Forest. Take the cable car to the lookout point on Sugarloaf Mountain, the city’s iconic peak, and try not to look down – it’s a long way to drop! After a morning spent in nature, your Rio de Janeiro sightseeing should continue in the city proper. Join the sun worshippers at Copacabana, where you can stake out a patch of beach or float out to sea with the paddleboarders. Shop for souvenirs in Ipanema, or take part in the street dances, festivals, and parades that may spontaneously break out. The “Cidade Maravilhosa,” or the marvelous city, has much to offer all of its visitors. What impression will it leave with you? Visit our Rio de Janeiro travel guide page for more information or to plan your next vacation! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow us on social media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/Expedia Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/expedia Instagram: http://instagram.com/expedia Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/Expedia/ Google+: https://plus.google.com/+Expedia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow us on our travel blog, Viewfinder: http://viewfinder.expedia.com/
http://www.woltersworld.com Brazilian tourism safety tips for travelers and tourists heading to Brazil, specifically Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo for Carneval, the Olympics in Rio de Janierio. Brazil is an amazing country & Wolters World's favorite country to visit, from the amazing natural beauty, fun people and incredible history. But you need to be safe and we give you some basic safety and security tips for visiting Brazil. Copyright Mark Wolters 2014 This was not filmed in Brazil.
Brazil Tours, Travel Guide, Vacations, Tourism, Nature World Travel https://www.youtube.com/user/World1Tube Brazil Tour HD http://youtu.be/Tmi2Ar1J1ZE Best o...
Cracking the Secret Code of Travel every Thursday. http://bit.ly/SoniasTravelsYT Sonia Gil takes you to one of the world's sexiest destinations, Rio De Janeiro. She walks along Copacabana beach then takes a stroll through the city where she meets some happy people at a local city market. Sonia then tops off the day with an evening swim and catches the sunset with locals at Ipanema beach. Watch more of my Adventures: Travel Brazil: Porto Alegre, Magical City: http://goo.gl/43FqdP Travel Brazil: Amazing Porto Alegre: http://goo.gl/kjhQk0 Travel Tips: How to Score the Best Hotel Deals:http://goo.gl/9B0lgv Travel Miami: A guide to South Beach: http://goo.gl/hvOdju
Part 9 of our South America Trip We walk along Copacana and Ipenema Beach. We visit Christ the Redeemer and Sugar Loaf Mountain.
http://preparetoserve.com/BRAZIL Brazil Travel Tips: What items to bring with you to Brazil. There will be certain items like clothing that you will definite...
http://www.traveltaboo.com. A dedicated website for travel Taboos, Dos and Donts of world popular destinations, such as Brazil. Come to visit this website fo...
Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Tours - Manaus, Amazonas Vacation Travel Videos HD, World Travel Guide http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=World1Tube Manaus is the capital city of the state of Amazonas in northern Brazil. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. With a population of two million, it is the most populous city of Amazonas. The city was founded in 1693-94 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro. It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", an altered spelling of the indigenous Manaós peoples, and legally transformed into a city on October 24, 1848, with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". On September 4, 1856 it returned to its original name. Manaus is located in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, and access to the city is primarily through boat or airplane. This isolation helped preserve both the nature as well as the culture of the city. The culture of Manaus, more than in any other urban area of Brazil, preserves the habits of Native Brazilian tribes. The city is the main entrance to visit the fauna and flora of the Brazilian Amazon. Few places in the world afford such a variety of plants, birds, insects, and fishes. It was known at the beginning of the century, as "Heart of the Amazon" and "City of the Forest". Currently its main economic engine is the Industrial Pool of Manaus, the famous Free Economic Zone. The city has a free port and an international airport. Its manufactures include electronics, chemical products, and soap; there are distilling and ship construction industries. Manaus also exports Brazil nuts, rubber, jute and rosewood oil. It has a cathedral, opera house, zoological and botanical gardens, an ecopark and regional and native peoples museums. With a population of 1.9 million people in 2014, Manaus is the most populous city in the Brazilian Amazon area and the 7th most populous in the country.[6] Located on the north bank of the Negro River, 11 miles (18 km) above the meeting of the rivers where the Negro merges with the Solimões, Manaus is 900 miles (1,450 km) inland from the Atlantic Ocean. It is the hub of tourism for the rivers, the jungle lodges and the river cruises. The Solimões and Negro rivers meet in Manaus and join to form the Amazon River (using the Brazilian definition of the river; elsewhere, Solimões is considered the upper part of the Amazon). Rubber made it the richest city in South America during the late 1800s. Rubber also helped Manaus earn its nickname, the "Paris of the Tropics". Many wealthy European families settled in Manaus and brought their love for sophisticated European art, architecture and culture with them. Manaus is also a duty-free zone, which has encouraged development in the region. See in Manaus, Amazonas =================== Opera House (Teatro Amazonas). Mercado Municipal. Natural Science Museum (Museu de Ciencias Naturais da Amazônia). Rio Negro Palace. Ponta Negra Beach it's a nice spot,and popular river beach. It has several bars and restaurants and is some distance west of the city. Praia da Lua Beach very clean and nice river beach a few kilometers from Ponta Negra upstream the Rio Negro. Access by shared motorized canoe from Estalagem de David. Paricatuba Waterfall is on the right bank of the Negro River, along a small tributary, is formed by sedimentary rocks, surrounded by abundant vegetation. Access is by boat. The best time to visit is from August to February. Love Cascade is in the Guedes bayou, with cold and crystal clear water, is accessible only by boat and, then, hiking through the Forest. The National Park of Jaú
When it comes to street food, Rio de Janeiro has plenty to offer. Here in Rio De Janiero it is impossible to escape the delicious sights and smells of the st...
Discover Rio with the most interactive travel guide in the market. Rio de Janeiro Travel Guide powered by http://www.etips.com Find it at http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/id350555387?mt=8 You cant miss the opportunity to visit Rio without using the first and only AR travel guide for iPad Follow us on FB http://www.facebook.com/etips.travel ★★★★★ SPECIAL FEATURES ★ STOP CARRYING BOOK GUIDES!!! ★ 100% OFFLINE TRAVEL GUIDE ★ AUGMENTED REALITY - AR ★ OFFLINE METRO MAP ★ ZOOMABLE 100% REGIONAL OFFLINE MAPS ★ PICS GALLERY ★ LOCAL AUDIO ★ GPS CAPABLE ★ INTERACTIVE POINTS OF INTEREST on the maps showing public bus stops, restaurants, pubs, hotels, hospitals, museums, theatres, and many others. ★ DAILY BASED ITINERARIES ★ BUDGET BASED HOTELS & RESTAURANTS ★ WHERE, WHAT & HOW TO SHOP ★ NIGHTLIFE ACTIVITIES ★ CITY TIPS, MOVING AROUND, COMMUTING ★ SAFETY TIPS ★ IPHONE, IPOD TOUCH & IPAD COMPATIBILITY ★ MANY LANGUAGES
Campinas - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Campinas - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Campinas - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour,...
World Travel https://www.youtube.com/user/World1Tube Rio de Janeiro - Brazil Travel guide http://bit.ly/17cBAov Rio de Janeiro - Brazil Travel Guide, Vacatio...
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. It spreads across almost half of South America, and occupies a total area of 8,5 mio km2. It is the fifth lar...
Curitiba - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Curitiba - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Curitiba - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour,...
Take a tour of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - part of the World's Greatest Attractions series by GeoBeats. Hi, this is your host Naomi. I would like to show you the top five attractions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Number 5: Christ the Redeemer. Rio de Janeiro was set amidst stunning natural settings, get a sweeping view of the city from the side of this large Christ's statue on Corcovado Mountain. Number 4: Sugar Loaf Mountain. Any discussion on landscape of Rio de Janeiro was incomplete without the Sugar Loaf Mountain, you can take the cable car to get to the top. Number 3: Quinta da Boa Vista. Meaning park of nice view in English, this beautifully landscaped park complex, was formally used by the royal family. Number 2: Carnival. Described as the world's greatest party, locals and visitors congregate to participate in a festival, that includes colorful floats, music and dancers. And number 1: Beaches. Life in this city revolves around beaches, with many beaches to choose from, you too can experience the world's famous beach, Culture of Rio de Janeiro. Keep watching our travel video series, ciao.
Fortaleza - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Fortaleza - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Fortaleza - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Fortaleza - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather 10. Barcelona - The city is a pioneer in smart city and low-carbon solutions. 9. Hong Kong - The city has also been a leader in the use and adoption of smart cards, which are already used by millions of residents for services like public transit, library access, building access, shopping, and car parks. 8. Copenhagen - The city has committed to carbon neutrality by 2025 and 40% of its citizens regularly commute via bicycle. 7. Berlin - Berlin is testing out vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies in the hopes of creating a virtual power plant from electric vehicles. 6. Tokyo - The city will create a smart town in the suburbs in partnership with major industry. The eco-burb will contain homes that integrate solar panels, storage ba tteries, and energy efficient appliances all connected to a smart grid. 5. London - also scored relatively high across the board. London has been well-recognized for some of its sustainability innovations (i.e. congestion tax) and its robust transit system. 4. New York - New York scored higher than most other cities in the ranking in all of the categories except of quality of life, where it ranked a poor 47th. It has teamed with innovator IBM to help the city prevent fires and protect first responders as well as identify questionable tax refund claims--a move that is expected to save the city about $100 million over a five-year period. 3. Paris - Paris already has a highly successful bike sharing program, Velib, and just last month, its mayor launched a similar model for small EVs called Autolib. 2. Toronto - smartest city in NA, scored well across the board, it is an active member of the Clinton 40 (C40) megacities, which seek to transition to the low-carbon economy. The private sector is getting in on the action too, setting up a Smart Commute Toronto initiative to increase the city's transit efficiency. 1. The smartest city in the world is Vienna - Vienna was the only city that ranked in the top 10 in every category. It is establishing bold smart-city targets and tracking their progress to reach these goals with programs like Smart Energy Vision 2050, Roadmap 2020, and Action Plan 2012-2015. A smart city is defined as using information and communication technologies to be more intelligent and efficient in the use of resources, resulting in cost and energy savings, improved service delivery and quality of life, and reduced environmental footprint--all supporting innovation and the low-carbon economy. The rankings were determined by the cities scores on 4 global categories: Innovation, Green ranking, Quality of life and digital city.
Christ The Redeemer 360 Walk around ground view
Take a tour of Brazil's Museum of Contemporary Art in Brazil -- part of the World's Greatest Attractions travel video series by GeoBeats. This space-age modernist structure, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, houses the Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum. Situated at the bottom of cliff, with a spectacular beach and view of surrounding small islands and distance mountains, this museum provides visitors with more than spectacular works of art. The reflecting pool of blue-green ocean water beneath the structure was intended by Niemeyer to be the likeness of a flower. The wall of windows surrounding the entirety of the building provides amazing natural light as well as an amazing view from any angle. Finished in 1996, it has quickly become one of Brazil's national treasures. From the intricate spiraling walkway to the view from the courtyard and beautiful art housed inside, this museum is a visual treat from start to finish.
Belo Horizonte - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Belo Horizonte - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Belo Horizonte - Brazil T...
I traveled to Rio for only 2 days and saw actually quite a lot from the city - in this video I show you the things to do in Rio in 48h and the main sights of...
A local hangover cure and other drinks that you will find in the streets of Rio. A huge part of the Rio de Janeiro experience is dazzling a variety of drinks...
http://bestflights.co.za/south-america/brazil/rio-de-janeiro - Visit for more information on Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city...
Brasília - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Brasília - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Brasília - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather Brasília - Brazil Travel Guide: Tour, Map, History, Weather 10. Barcelona - The city is a pioneer in smart city and low-carbon solutions. 9. Hong Kong - The city has also been a leader in the use and adoption of smart cards, which are already used by millions of residents for services like public transit, library access, building access, shopping, and car parks. 8. Copenhagen - The city has committed to carbon neutrality by 2025 and 40% of its citizens regularly commute via bicycle. 7. Berlin - Berlin is testing out vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies in the hopes of creating a virtual power plant from electric vehicles. 6. Tokyo - The city will create a smart town in the suburbs in partnership with major industry. The eco-burb will contain homes that integrate solar panels, storage ba tteries, and energy efficient appliances all connected to a smart grid. 5. London - also scored relatively high across the board. London has been well-recognized for some of its sustainability innovations (i.e. congestion tax) and its robust transit system. 4. New York - New York scored higher than most other cities in the ranking in all of the categories except of quality of life, where it ranked a poor 47th. It has teamed with innovator IBM to help the city prevent fires and protect first responders as well as identify questionable tax refund claims--a move that is expected to save the city about $100 million over a five-year period. 3. Paris - Paris already has a highly successful bike sharing program, Velib, and just last month, its mayor launched a similar model for small EVs called Autolib. 2. Toronto - smartest city in NA, scored well across the board, it is an active member of the Clinton 40 (C40) megacities, which seek to transition to the low-carbon economy. The private sector is getting in on the action too, setting up a Smart Commute Toronto initiative to increase the city's transit efficiency. 1. The smartest city in the world is Vienna - Vienna was the only city that ranked in the top 10 in every category. It is establishing bold smart-city targets and tracking their progress to reach these goals with programs like Smart Energy Vision 2050, Roadmap 2020, and Action Plan 2012-2015. A smart city is defined as using information and communication technologies to be more intelligent and efficient in the use of resources, resulting in cost and energy savings, improved service delivery and quality of life, and reduced environmental footprint--all supporting innovation and the low-carbon economy. The rankings were determined by the cities scores on 4 global categories: Innovation, Green ranking, Quality of life and digital city.
... sources that brought the issues of colonial Brazil to life, namely those of Bantu Africans.
Huffington Post 2015-04-07What are Portuguese influences you taste when you eat food from Brazil or Mozambique, which were Portuguese colonies?
Reuters 2014-12-02Later, the riches of colonial Brazil boosted Lisbon even higher — until an earthquake in 1755 ...
San Francisco Chronicle 2014-09-25Later, the riches of colonial Brazil boosted Lisbon even higher -- until an earthquake in 1755 ...
Newsday 2014-08-20From a secret Confederate colony in Brazil to the LeBron profile Nike never wanted you to see, The ...
The Daily Beast 2014-07-13In Brazil, Iniesta and company flunked the test ... Portugal is gone but its former colony, Brazil, flowers.
The Times of India 2014-06-28... Cup taking place in their former colony of Brazil, may soon find themselves on trickier terrain.
The Independent 2014-06-14... Cup taking place in their former colony of Brazil, may soon find themselves on trickier terrain.
The Independent 2014-06-14The cash-strapped European nation is coming to terms with effects of heavy investment from its oil-rich former colony.
The Guardian 2014-06-03... learned about gyoza dumplings in China and brought the concept to Portugal’s former colony, Brazil.
The Japan News 2014-05-12... Maurits van Nassau-Siegen between 1636 and 1644, when he was governor of the Dutch colony in Brazil.
The Independent 2014-02-271816 - Portugal's South American colony, Brazil, becomes a kingdom.
Dayton Daily News 2014-01-09... when they travel to their former colony, Brazil, for the World Cup in June, as if the needed any.
Canberra Times 2014-01-06Brazil i/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
The Viceroyalty of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Reino do Brasil) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to kingdom alongside Portugal as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
During the over 300 years of Brazilian colonial history, the economic exploration of the territory was based first on brazilwood extraction (16th century), sugar production (16th–18th centuries), and finally on gold and diamond mining (18th century). Slaves, especially those brought from Africa, provided most of the working force of Brazilian economy.
In contrast to the neighbouring fragmented Spanish possessions, the Portuguese colony, built up by the Portuguese in Latin America, kept its territorial unity and linguistic integrity after the independence, giving rise to the largest country in the region.
Portugal and Spain pioneered the European discovery of sea routes that were the first channels of interaction between all of the World's continents, thus beginning the process of globalization. In addition to the adventurous undertaking of discovery and colonization of far off lands, these years were filled with pronounced advancements in cartography, shipbuilding and navigational instruments, from which the Portuguese and Spanish explorers took advantage.