Thanks for Contributing! You just created a new WN page. Learn more »
Pediatric circumcision animation. http://www.nucleusinc.com/medical-animations This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy related to circumcision and the ke...
I care about the way we make decisions, especially those related to sexuality. Circumcision is a very difficult decision given the battling perspectives that leave no clear answer. This episode is intended to start the discussion of circumcision by describing how it is typically performed, which means with infant males. There will be a future video describing the situation for an adult and how as adults we can use our powers of curiosity to make healthy decisions. And my opinion (because it was asked for) is 'do not circumcise infants'. There is a very simple and minimally invasive technique called Pre-plex for adults who opt-in to the surgery with informed consent. This is my opinion as of August 29, 2014.)
The Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is home to the Xhosa people, one of the nation's largest tribes. They live in the modern world, but they maintain a...
If You're Not Jewish, and You're Circumcised, You Need to Watch This Video. See more http://www.collegehumor.com LIKE us on: http://www.facebook.com/collegeh...
uh oh teh controversiez! lotsa links below join the twitter conversation - http://www.twitter.com/gogreen18 Tumblr with me all week! - http://lacigreen.tumbl...
On the International Day for Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, VICE News reports on a little-known surgery that restores sexual function to the clitoris for women who had their genitals mutilated as children. We meet and follow a 32-year-old prospective patient who was mutilated at the age of six in Somalia, and who now lives and works as a nurse in the United States. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural tradition that affects millions of women worldwide. Sometimes referred to as female circumcision or female genital cutting, the practice varies in severity depending on where it is performed. The procedure can range from minor nicks to the clitoris to the total removal of the clitoris and labia. In its severest form, the two sides of the vulva are sewn together, leaving only a small hole for menstruation and urination. While the practice has been outlawed in many of the 29 countries where FGM is concentrated, it persists in some rural areas as a centuries-old cultural tradition, where it is usually performed by women elders as a part of a coming-of-age ritual. The tradition is sometimes believed to "purify" a woman and performed to preserve virginity before marriage. The World Health Organization estimates that some 6,000 girls undergo FGM around the world every day. The procedure is often performed in unsafe and unsanitary conditions on girls between the ages of four and 12. FGM can be fatal, and can lead to immediate complications such as infections and urine retention, as well as long-term complications such as severe pain and tearing during intercourse and major complications during childbirth. VICE News saw the result of the severest form of FGM first-hand in Dr. Marci Bowers' operating room in San Mateo, California, and watched as she performed a defibulation procedure — the re-opening of genitalia that had been sewn shut — and clitoroplasty, the reconstruction and restoration of sexual function to the clitoris. Read "After Genital Cutting in Somalia, a Woman Chooses Reconstructive Surgery in America" - http://bit.ly/1D5WUOJ Read "Thousands of FGM Cases Identified in UK Are Just the 'Tip of the Iceberg'" - http://bit.ly/1z76Rp7 Subscribe to VICE News here: http://bit.ly/Subscribe-to-VICE-News Check out VICE News for more: http://vicenews.com Follow VICE News here: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/vicenews Twitter: https://twitter.com/vicenews Tumblr: http://vicenews.tumblr.com/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/vicenews More videos from the VICE network: https://www.fb.com/vicevideos
Many babies around the world get circumcised, but what is it actually doing to your penis? Read More: 5 Things You Didn't Know About Circumcision http://news.discovery.com/human/health/circumcision-facts-120827.htm "A new policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is likely to throw fuel on the fiery controversy surrounding male infant circumcision." How Circumcision Works http://people.howstuffworks.com/circumcision3.htm "Circumcision rites and procedures vary around the globe." Circumcisions Performed in U.S. Community Hospitals, 2005 http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb45.pdf "In 2005, circumcision was the third most common inpatient surgery performed in the U.S., with over 1.2 million procedures performed at the hospital." ____________________ DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily. Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Julia Wilde on Twitter https://twitter.com/julia_sci DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews Discovery News http://discoverynews.com Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq
An excerpt from the feature-length documentary film Cut:Slicing Through the Myths of Circumcision. To watch the entire film, please visit: www.CutTheFilm.com.
Prepare to earmuff yourselves when Omarion and Ebro talk about their private parts. CLICK HERE TO SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/12lN6vb HOT97: http://www.hot97.com TWITTER: https://twitter.com/HOT97 FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/HOT97OFFICIAL
Circumcision The Whole story - is an informational video about the culture of circumcision. Exploring the historical origins, the physical function of the foreskin, commonly believed myths and scientific truths.
For Educational Use Only - Fair Use - To circumcise or not to circumcise a baby The Doctors debate the pros and cons of the controversial topic.rn.
Twelve men in the western Kenyan town of Moi's Bridge were apprehended by a mob and frog marched through a traditional circumcision ceremony. The forced fore...
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_film e=mc².
James L. Snyder, M.D., F.A.C.S., Past President of the Virginia Urological Society discusses the controversy around infant circumcision. Conversation recorde...
Host and mom of four, Jenni June, is back with useful information to care for your little guy after circumcision and to make things a little more comfortable...
Knowledge is power, and when you know better, you do better. So here's everything you did and did not want to know about circumcision! :) I honestly, truly h...
Professor Gregory Boyle speaks frankly in condemning forced genital cutting of children, revealing his personal struggles with this issue and his observations about the psychological motivations behind childhood genital mutilation.
Jen talks about the religious basis of circumcision. The Atheist Experience is a weekly cable access television show in Austin, Texas geared at a non-atheist...
Yesterday's Vid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZBOxISEyYU Support my Patreon - http://www.patreon.com/TeamThompson Send mail here 4335 Van Nuys Blvd Suite #305 Sherman Oaks,Ca 91403 http://www.instagram.com/SupRicky06 http://www.facebook.com/SupDailyCrew P.O. Box - coming soon Google+ - http://bit.ly/RickyGooglePlus Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/supdaily06
It's been going on for thousands of years but it's still controversial. We are talking about male circumcision. Not only is it contentious, it's confusing. D...
Traditional way of circumcision in the Philippines. Pukpok tule!!
pukpok tule Circumcision in the Philippines.
http://www.urologybook.com presents Dr. Oleg Shapiro performs circumcision in the adult male. Full circumcision surgery and operative steps provided at http:...
50 Years Old Male Circumcision procedure Also here are some links ive found helpfull... (Especially the third one) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpA5mqiUfk...
Brian Herrity discusses the events in his life that caused him to question what circumcision is, and to speak up to protect children's rights to genital inte...
UCLA Pediatric Urologist, Dr. Jennifer Singer as she discusses current recommendations, techniques and controversies surrounding circumcision. http://www.ucl...
This sensitive documentary follows two Jewish couples, one in America and one in Israel. For more on circumcision from a jewish persepctive: http://www.jewis...
Is circumcision a valid practice? Penn & Teller look at the various justifications behind the procedure and try to determine whether there exists a medical or social cause. Penn & Teller: Bullshit!, Penn & Teller: Bullshit! Full Episode, Penn & Teller: Bullshit! Full Episodes, Penn & Teller: Bullshit! S3, Penn & Teller: Bullshit! Circumcision
Non-Age Restricted Version: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLmU6xTdeTI Stefan Molyneux breaks down the truth behind circumcision, including details on the pr...
Stefan Molyneux breaks down the truth behind circumcision, including details on the procedure, it's history, rate of occurrence, claimed medical justificatio...
mirrored from here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceht-3xu84I Visit Ryan's site here: http://www.notjustskin.org This video is also available here: http://v...
Circumcision. A topic that is easily debated in many circles. Is it for today or isn't it? Is Circumcision - is it the eternal sign or just one that applied ...
"The "Ricki Lake" show" on circumcision. circumcision should not be done for beauty reasons. circumcision can hurt a lot afterwards.
This is a lesson taught by Pastor Buie about The Circumcision. Lately, there have been several attempts by private citizens as well as groups trying to get t...
Discussing the savage, barbaric practice of circumcision. October 24, 2006.
To learn more, visit: http://www.nocirc.org/ This video with spanish subtitles: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5395565256830319025 Make the INFORMED decision on circumcision- the ONLY decision you will choose after watching this informative video- don't circumcise your baby boy OR girl. If you are planning a hospital birth for your son, you should expect hospital staff to approach you at some point in the first day or two after your son is born to ask about circumcision. There are many long-term reasons to leave your son intact,1 but you may not have considered the more immediate benefits to you and your new baby. No American medical association recommends infant circumcision as a routine procedure. The reason that American medical associations (and the vast majority of medical associations worldwide) do not recommend routine infant circumcision is because it is not medically necessary.2 And as Lamaze's Healthy Birth Practice Paper #6 details, "experts agree that unless a medical reason exists, healthy mothers and babies shouldn't be separated after birth or during the early days following birth."3 Consequently, unless there is a medical reason to circumcise your newborn son, it is inadvisable to agree to this unnecessary medical procedure. Immediate Consequences of Routine (Medically Unnecessary) Infant Circumcision 1. Circumcision Causes Pain and Stress: An infant's foreskin has more than 240 feet of nerves, 20,000 nerve endings, and 3 feet of veins, arteries, and capillaries -- circumcision removes all of them, causing the infant tremendous pain.4 Research has conclusively demonstrated "that circumcision has significant physiologic impact on newborns, mainly due [to] pain."5 Serum cortisol (a hormone released in response to stress) concentrations increase during and after circumcision,6 and "[h]eart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure increase, and oxygen saturation decreases, during and shortly after circumcision.7 After circumcision, the penis has a raw, open wound. The newborn's surgically exposed glans is re-injured by abrasion and contaminants because it is encased in diapers (including the baby's own feces and urine, which breaks down into ammonia). Disposable diapers themselves are also often irritants, because they are laden with chemicals, dyes, and fragrances that cause further pain. 2. Circumcision Interferes with Breastfeeding: Circumcision negatively affects breastfeeding, regardless of whether infants are given Acetaminophen (Tylenol) to help manage pain immediately after circumcision. Some circumcised males are unable to suckle at all after the procedure. Mothers who leave their sons intact have a better chance at establishing a healthy breastfeeding relationship.8 3. Circumcision Disrupts Sleep: After circumcision, babies' normal sleep patterns are disrupted. Researchers believe this may be a mechanism to cope with the stress of the procedure.9 Infants who do not get enough sleep or enough quality sleep are at risk for additional significant stress.10 4. Circumcision Can Interrupt Normal Bonding and Causes Emotional Trauma: Lamaze recognizes that "[i]nterrupting, delaying, or limiting the time that a mother and her baby spend together may have a harmful effect on their relationship and on breastfeeding success."11 The significant stress, disrupted sleep patterns, and breastfeeding problems experienced by circumcised babies all have the potential to interrupt the normal, healthy bonding with their caregivers. Bonding is interrupted because "the circumcision procedure frequently causes the newborn to withdraw from his environment[,]" including his mother.12 Moreover, circumcision causes emotional trauma to parents. Over 80% of parents regret their circumcision decision in the first six months of their sons' lives. 13 Protect Your Newborn: Leave Him Intact Unless there is a medical reason to circumcise, you and your son can only benefit by deciding to keep him safe and close to your side after birth. The newborn period is so beautiful and fleeting. There is no reason to traumatize your baby or jeopardize your breastfeeding relationship by exposing your son to needless pain and stress. If, after thoroughly researching, you feel that the decision to circumcise is one that you must make, please wait until after those fragile newborn days. Remember, you can always decide to circumcise, you can never decide to take it back.14 For the references or to comment on this article go to, http://codenamemama.com/2010/06/10/circumcision-newborn/
As Christians, when we hit a rough patch in our marriages or relationships, what is our first reaction? Do we blame the other person and spend all our time trying to fix them? Or do we rely on God’s commands to work in our own hearts and change our situation? In part 4 of our series Meant to Be, Pastor Steven, and his wife, Holly, shared personal examples, scriptural insight, and six ways we can allow God to work in our everyday relational challenges.
http://MentalSelfDefense.com Jake Shannon interviews Georgann Chapin from IntactAmerica.org re: circumcision.
Dr. Ronald Goldman talks about all the dangers of circumcision on little baby boys. He talks a lot about the psychological trauma that occurs and how many men have emotional issues with women and it even affects our sex lives if you can imagine it. If you are still wondering if you are going to circumcise your son please have a listen to this!
This was originally part 5 of my series, but I removed it to make the series more concise so ignore it saying part 5. This shows what circumcision is and its...
HIV and AIDS Aids - Everything you need to know The Age of AIDS Documentary (p1) Aids-Hospice Thailand Dr Leonard Horowitz Emerging Viruses AIDS & Ebola Nature, Accident or Intentional YouTube 3:52 When HIV Becomes AIDS (HIV #2) medical, animation, patient education, video, health literacy, HIV, virus, viruses, AIDS, syndrome, immunodeficiency, infections, immune system, Health, health tv, hospital, medicine, body, medical, examination, treatment, diseases, illness, sick, complaints, health issues, healthcare, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rv0yIICeg-E
HIV and AIDS Aids - Everything you need to know The Age of AIDS Documentary (p1) Aids-Hospice Thailand Dr Leonard Horowitz Emerging Viruses AIDS & Ebola Nature, Accident or Intentional YouTube 3:52 When HIV Becomes AIDS (HIV #2) medical, animation, patient education, video, health literacy, HIV, virus, viruses, AIDS, syndrome, immunodeficiency, infections, immune system, Health, health tv, hospital, medicine, body, medical, examination, treatment, diseases, illness, sick, complaints, health issues, healthcare, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rv0yIICeg-E
Clip from Opie & Jim (February 25, 2015) on Sirius XM satellite radio. - Opie is out today, Rich Vos and Sherrod Small are in studio with Jim Norton. - Jim is not pleased with people using religion as an excuse to suck baby dicks. - It's called "metzitzah b'peh" and you might get baby herpes from it... Subscribe to my channel and follow me on Twitter @BestScam
For more Vines from Tehtay, go here: http://www.VidCrown.com/v/1155759649254191104 . Funny Vine by Tehtay. For the BEST and FUNNIEST Vines, go to http://www.VidCrown.com
Phimosis or tight foreskin is considered physiological in children till the age of 4-5 years and does not need any treatment unless it causes symptoms. Even when there are symptoms such as ballooning, local infections, redness, dysuria- the first treatment option is medical using local steroid ointments. Only in non-responsive cases- a surgery (circumcision) is recommended. In this video Dr A.K.Singal, one of the best pediatric urologist surgeons in India, demonstrates his technique of circumcision for a child with phimosis. The circumcision surgery was performed under sedation with sevoflurane anesthesia and then a penile block injection was given for pain relief during and after surgery. Circumcision in children is a daycare surgery and the kids are discharged in the late afternoon or evening of surgery. For more information see www.pediatricurology.in
KTCK Sportsradio 1310 The Ticket talked about the 2015 Bloodstained Men protest in Texas. Here's the direct link to the archived show. http://stationcaster.com/player_skinned.php?s=1001&c;=4891&f;=4142493
NO ONE IN THEIR RIGHT MIND CAN DO THAT ... "I watched the circumcision video on there, and I decided right then and there -- there's no way I'm doing that to my child when he's born. His dad and I disagreed on it a lot, and finally he gave in, that it was just something that I wasn't going to change my mind on. To this day, probably the best decision I've made as a parent.... I think once you watch that video, I don't think anyone in their right mind can do that to their child." ~Elizabeth Klebart, who cites the article "50 Reasons to Leave It Alone" in this interview as the decisive factor in her education. Here's the link: http://9davids.blogspot.com/2010/11/50-reasons-to-leave-it-alone.html — with Marina Loredo, Harry Guiremand, Joey Ellie Schmidt, Holly De Leon and Elizabeth Klebart at AUSTIN CIRCUMCISION CRISIS PROTEST.
Marina's journey to intactivism began when she was eight years old and saw her baby brother's wounded penis. She protested with Bloodstained Men in Austin, Texas, on Saturday, March 14, 2015. bloodstainedmen.org
The Howard Stern Show Interviews Mario Lopez 09/30/14 Please Subscribe! The Howard Stern Show Interviews Mario Lopez 09/30/14. Howard interviews Mario Lopez. September 30, 2014. Mario Lopez talks about sex, penis size, circumcision, and girlfriends with Howard Stern. Mario makes a strong case against circumcision and is an advocate for not circumcising babies. Kudos to him ! Most of the world does not circumcise. And why would would they? Circumcision removes the most pleasure-receptive part of the penis. Non-surgical foreskin restoration can improve intimacy... "America's Got Talent" is returning to NBC, and judge Mel B stopped by Universal Studios Hollywood to give "Extra's" Mario Lopez a preview of the new season. Mel also chatted Mario Lopez on The Howard Stern Show Mario Lopez on The Howard Stern Show
adit sopo Jarwo ( mass circadit sopo Jarwo ( mass circumcision must not )umcision must not )
The Universe wants to divide and conquer the Gigolos. But these boys are used to handling their own on their own. So Fandago is taking on R-Truth in the second half of the one on one battles between the two teams and Rollins is finding himself in a whole different mess! If you liked what you see, help me out with a thumbs up so more people can enjoy it. If you would like to catch more, please subscribe. Follow me on Twitter to chat: https://twitter.com/Shnikes66 Follow me on Twitch if I ever go live: http://www.twitch.tv/shnikes66 WWE 2K15 is a 2K Sports production and all credit goes to them; thank you for letting me play in your world!
Preacher: Steven Furtick Sermon: Do Not Reverse Your Circumcision Church: Elevation Church
#HUDATV Huda TV ... A Light in Every home Join us on our official pages for Huda Tv on: https://www.facebook.com/Huda.Tv , https://www.twitter.com/HudaTvChannel , https://www.google.com/+Hudatvchannel , https://www.instagram.com/hudasatellitetv , https://soundcloud.com/hudatv , https://www.huda.tv
Follow us on Twitter where we'll announce this week's topic for On The Line: https://twitter.com/vicenews Claire Ward joined On The Line to answer your questions about her piece, "Reversing Female Circumcision: The Cut That Heals”: http://bit.ly/1L2ZoOI Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural tradition that affects millions of women worldwide. Sometimes referred to as female circumcision or female genital cutting, FGM can have life-long complications. Claire Ward went inside Dr. Marci Bowers' operating room in San Mateo, California to report on a little-known surgery that restores sexual function to the clitoris and follow one woman's healing journey: http://bit.ly/1FSOAlk VICE News and On The Line want to hear from you! Let us know your questions on Twitter with the hashtag #ontheline, or send us a video message on Skype. To leave a Skype video message, follow the instructions here: http://bit.ly/1Fpn9lC With support from Skype. Subscribe to VICE News here: http://bit.ly/Subscribe-to-VICE-News Check out VICE News for more: http://vicenews.com Follow VICE News here: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/vicenews Twitter: https://twitter.com/vicenews Tumblr: http://vicenews.tumblr.com/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/vicenews More videos from the VICE network: https://www.fb.com/vicevideos
Bloodstained Men & Their Friends is a group of “intactivists” against the circumcision of boys in America. They dress in all white except for a bright red spot over their private parts to signify the hidden wound that has been inflicted upon them.
Okay will the dad just give up on this http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/circumcision-fla-4-year-old-divides-parents-article-1.2084781
Woman Who Is Trying to Stop Her Son From Court Ordered Circumcision at 4 Years Old Now a Fugitive www.marygreeley.com http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2015/03/11/woman-who-is-trying-to-stop-her-son-from-court-ordered-circumcision-at-4-years-old-now-a-fugitive/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm;_medium=email&utm;_term=Firewire_Morning_Test&utm;_campaign=TheBlaze%20WYWS%20--%203-12%20-%202nd%20ad http://www.wpbf.com/news/mother-battling-circumcision-now-a-fugitive/31718582
Study: Circumcision Permanently Alters the Brain, Researchers Threatened http://starshipearththebigpicture.com/ All this time we were told it was about religion and making sure a little boy looked like his Dad so he wouldn’t feel like a freak… oh, the lies they have spewed over the centuries. And now they’re trying to make this mandatory too? I think not! We are not cattle to be branded and altered at gunpoint. And now I feel even worse that I had our dogs neutered. “They” say it helps prevent cancer, but we’ve already lost two Golden Retrievers to cancer. I think it’s time to castrate the psychopaths running this planet—without anaesthesia. Kingston General Hospital in Canada has an excellent reputation, and it sickens me to think they, too, have been infiltrated by the greedy butchers. ~ BP Study: Circumcision Permanently Alters the Brain, Researchers Threatened http://starshipearththebigpicture.com/
http://www.aol.com/article/2015/03/13/worlds-first-successful-penis-transplant-reported-in-south-afri/21153233/?icid=maing-grid7|htmlws-sb-bb|dl26|sec1_lnk2%26pLid%3D627666
Uganda's mobile circumcision truck has one clear goal: to get as many men and boys as possible circumcised safely.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section England ... Share this story About sharing ... Top Stories ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV ... '.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Business ... % fall last month ... % to 11.3 % in February ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV ... '.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section NE Scotland, Orkney & Shetland ... More follows ... Top Stories ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Business ... The economy grew by 0.6 ... % ... Related Internet links ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Oxford ... Share this story About sharing ... HM Courts Service ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section South East Wales ... Share this story About sharing ... Features ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Manchester ... BST on Monday ... Share this story About sharing ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Tayside and Central Scotland ... Related Internet links ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV ... '.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section South West Wales ... Share this story About sharing ... Features ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section South Scotland ... co. uk ... Share this story About sharing ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV ... '.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section Election 2015 ... So the prime minister's claim is correct ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV ... '.
BBC News 2015-03-3131 March 2015. From the section South East Wales ... Share this story About sharing ... Features ... Uganda circumcision truck fights HIV.
BBC News 2015-03-31Male circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) from the penis. Early depictions of circumcision are found in cave paintings and Ancient Egyptian tombs, though some pictures are open to interpretation.Religious male circumcision is part of Judaism. In Islam, though not mentioned in the Qur'an, male circumcision is widely practiced and often considered to be sunnah. It is also customary in some Christian churches in Africa.
Estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that 30 percent of males worldwide are circumcised, of whom 68 percent are Muslim. The prevalence of circumcision varies mostly with religious affiliation, and sometimes culture. The timing of circumcision similarly varies, though it is commonly practiced between birth and the early twenties.
Circumcision is used therapeutically, as one of the treatment options for a number of penile conditions. In addition, non-therapeutic circumcisions are commonly performed for social, cultural, religious, or prophylactic reasons. Summaries of the views of professional associations of physicians state that none currently recommend routine (i.e. universal) circumcision, and that none recommend prohibiting the practice.