Glossary of chess

This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. Some of these have their own pages, like fork and pin. For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of chess-related games, see Chess variants.

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P

[adjective: prophylactic] Prophylactic techniques include the blockade, overprotection, and the mysterious rook move.

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References

Bibliography

Space (mathematics)

In mathematics, a space is a set (sometimes called a universe) with some added structure.

Mathematical spaces often form a hierarchy, i.e., one space may inherit all the characteristics of a parent space. For instance, all inner product spaces are also normed vector spaces, because the inner product induces a norm on the inner product space such that:

where the norm is indicated by enclosing in double vertical lines, and the inner product is indicated enclosing in by angle brackets.

Modern mathematics treats "space" quite differently compared to classical mathematics.

History

Before the golden age of geometry

In the ancient mathematics, "space" was a geometric abstraction of the three-dimensional space observed in the everyday life. Axiomatic method had been the main research tool since Euclid (about 300 BC). The method of coordinates (analytic geometry) was adopted by René Descartes in 1637. At that time, geometric theorems were treated as an absolute objective truth knowable through intuition and reason, similar to objects of natural science; and axioms were treated as obvious implications of definitions.

Five-dimensional space

A five-dimensional space is a space with five dimensions. If interpreted physically, that is one more than the usual three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension of time used in relativitistic physics. It is an abstraction which occurs frequently in mathematics, where it is a legitimate construct. In physics and mathematics, a sequence of N numbers can be understood to represent a location in an N-dimensional space. Whether or not the actual universe in which we live is five-dimensional is a topic of debate.

Physics

Much of the early work on five dimensional space was in an attempt to develop a theory that unifies the four fundamental forces in nature: strong and weak nuclear forces, gravity and electromagnetism. German mathematician Theodor Kaluza and Swedish physicist Oskar Klein independently developed the Kaluza–Klein theory in 1921, which used the fifth dimension to unify gravity with electromagnetic force. Although their approaches were later found to be at least partially inaccurate, the concept provided a basis for further research over the past century.

Robot Face

<|°_°|>, also known as Robot Face, is the third studio album by electro swing group Caravan Palace, released on 16 October 2015.

Track listing

Charts

References

Robot (Doctor Who)

Robot is the first serial of the 12th season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 28 December 1974 to 18 January 1975. It was the first full serial to feature Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor, as well as Ian Marter as new companion Harry Sullivan.

Plot

Following his third regeneration, the Doctor briefly becomes delirious and then falls unconscious in front of Sarah Jane Smith and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart of UNIT. The Brigadier has Lieutenant Harry Sullivan take the Doctor into his care. Soon, the Doctor wakes, eludes Harry, and tries to sneak off in his TARDIS, but the Brigadier and Sarah Jane stop him, convincing him to help in finding the culprit in the theft of top secret plans for a disintegrator gun. The Brigadier takes the Doctor to the Ministry of Defence advanced research centre where the plans were stored, where the Doctor observes crushed flowers and a rectangular footprint. UNIT sets to protect factories where critical parts for the gun are manufactured, but find the culprit is able to outwit them, including burrowing up underground to collect the final component necessary for the weapon.

Girl (Vertigo)

Girl is a three-issue comic book limited series written by Peter Milligan and drawn by Duncan Fegredo. It was published in 1996 by Vertigo comics, an imprint of DC Comics.

Plot synopsis

The story follows the exploits of fifteen-year-old Simone Cundy, a resident of Bollockstown (a fictional English location), as she attempts to make sense of her uncontrollable apathy and discontent for life (early on, she cites girls, boys, the lottery, pop-stars, clothes, sport, tampons, television, Bollockstown and living among her chief dislikes). However, upon meeting Polly, the "blonde version" of herself, Simone struggles to maintain the line between reality and her imagination, all the while trying find some purpose in her rotten life.

External links

Will Carver

Will Carver is a 31-year-old author who lives in Reading, England. He has written the Detective Inspector January David series, comprising Girl 4, The Two and Dead Set.

Early life

His early years were spent in Germany but he returned to the UK aged eleven where his sporting career began to flourish. He turned down a professional rugby contract to study a Theatre and Television degree at King Alfred’s, Winchester, where he also set up his own successful Theatre Company.

A string of jobs followed graduation including a cinema usher, coffee shop barista, video store clerk, bartender, clothes washer and driver for a documentary crew, eventually leading, somehow, into the lowest position possible within an IT company. All the time trying to write a play or novel.

Five years later, and several rungs up the IT ladder, he was made redundant and took this as the opportunity to write. When his first novel - a black comedy - was not taken up, one publisher suggested his writing style would suit a thriller. Six month later, Girl 4 was finished. Four months after that he was signed to Random House for three books. He is currently writing the fourth.