Thomas Charles "Tom" Horne (born March 28, 1945) is the current Arizona Attorney General. He served as the Arizona Department of Education Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011.
Horne was born March 28, 1945, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to George Marcus and Ludwika Horne who had immigrated to Canada from Poland in fear of German invasion in the late 1930s.[citation needed] Horne became a U.S. citizen at age 9 when his parents gained U.S. citizenship in 1954.[citation needed] Most of his parents’ friends and extended family did not leave Poland and died in the Holocaust.[citation needed] As Jews, his parents escaped this fate by moving to Canada.
He is a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School.
Horne was the president of T.C. Horne & Co., an investment firm he founded in the late 1960s. The firm went bankrupt in 1970 and led to him "receiving a lifetime trading ban from the Securities and Exchange Commission." The 1973 SEC report alleged that as president of T.C. Horne & Co, Horne "among other things, violated the record-keeping, anti-fraud, and broker-dealer net capital provisions of the federal securities laws and filed false financial reports with the commission." Horne was a student at the time, working to put himself through school, and was caught in a market crash that caused many similar businesses to fail. When this 40 year old incident was attempted to be used against Horne in his 2010 successful race for Attorney General, the Arizona republic did historical research and found that there had been no deliberate fraud.
Thomas "Tom" Horn, Jr. (November 21, 1860 – November 20, 1903) was an American Old West lawman, scout, soldier, hired gunman, detective, outlaw and assassin. On the day before his 43rd birthday, he was hanged in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for the murder of Willie Nickell.
Born to Thomas S. Horn, Sr. and Mary Ann Maricha (née Miller), in rural northeastern Scotland County, Missouri, on the family farm of 600 acres (bisected by the South Wyaconda River) between the towns of Granger and Etna, he was the fifth of twelve children.
At sixteen, he headed to the American Southwest, where he was hired by the U.S. Cavalry as a civilian scout under Al Sieber and became involved in the Apache Wars, aiding in the capture of warriors such as Geronimo. On January 11, 1886, Tom Horn was involved in an expedition into Mexican territory in the pursuit of Geronimo as a packer and interpreter. During the operation, Horn's camp was attacked by Mexican militia and he was wounded in the arm. Horn allegedly killed his first man in a duel-a second lieutenant in the Mexican Army Horn was present at Geronimo's final surrender, acting as an interpreter under Charles B. Gatewood.
Uncle Tom is the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.
The phrase "Uncle Tom" has also become an epithet for a person who is slavish and excessively subservient to perceived authority figures, particularly a black person who behaves in a subservient manner to white people; or any person perceived to be a participant in the oppression of their own group.
At the time of the novel's initial publication in 1851 Uncle Tom was a rejection of the existing stereotypes of minstrel shows; Stowe's melodramatic story humanized the suffering of slavery for White audiences by portraying Tom as a Christlike figure who is ultimately martyred, beaten to death by a cruel master because Tom refuses to betray the whereabouts of two women who escape from slavery. Stowe reversed the gender conventions of slave narratives by juxtaposing Uncle Tom's passivity against the daring of three African American women who escape from slavery.
The novel was both influential and commercially successful, published as a serial from 1851-1852 and as a book from 1852 onward. An estimated 500,000 copies had sold worldwide by 1853, including unauthorized reprints. Senator Charles Sumner credited Uncle Tom's Cabin for the election of Abraham Lincoln and Lincoln himself reportedly quipped that Stowe had triggered the American Civil War.Frederick Douglass praised the novel as "a flash to light a million camp fires in front of the embattled hosts of slavery". Despite Douglass's enthusiasm, an anonymous 1852 reviewer for William Lloyd Garrison's publication The Liberator suspected a racial double standard in the idealization of Uncle Tom:
Richard C. Martinez is a Democratic member of the New Mexico Senate, representing the 5th District since 2001.