In geology, a valley or dale is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. A very deep river valley may be called a canyon or gorge.

The terms U-shaped and V-shaped are descriptive terms of geography to characterize the form of valleys. Most valleys belong to one of these two main types or a mixture of them, (at least) with respect of the cross section of the slopes or hillsides.

A valley in its broadest geographic sense is also known as a dale. A valley through which a river runs may also be referred to as a vale. A small, secluded, and often wooded valley is known as a dell or in Scotland as a glen. A wide, flat valley through which a river runs is known in Scotland as a strath. A mountain cove is a small valley, closed at one or both ends, in the central or southern Appalachian Mountains which sometimes results from the erosion of a geologic window. A small valley surrounded by mountains or ridges is sometimes known as a hollow. A deep, narrow valley is known as a coon (also spelled combe or coombe). Similar geological structures, such as canyons, ravines, gorges, gullies, and kloofs, are not usually referred to as valleys.

Keith Cozart (born August 15, 1995)^{[citation needed]}, better known by his stage name Chief Keef is an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He has signed a major record deal with Interscope Records, and is the CEO of his own record label Glory Boyz Entertainment.

Keith Cozart was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August 15, 1995.^{[citation needed]} He attended Dulles Elementary School and later Banner High School on the city's South Side. In December 2011, Cozart was arrested on a weapons charge (aggravated unlawful use of a weapon) and put under house arrest at his grandmother’s home.

While under house arrest, Cozart released videos on Youtube. The attention he received grew in the short time between the release of several mixtapes and several of music videos, including 'Bang', '3Hunna' and 'I Don’t Like'. After two locally successful mixtapes, his song 'I Don’t Like' became a local hit in Chicago. It also caught fellow Chicago rapper Kanye West's attention who organized a remix of the song along with Pusha T, Jadakiss and Big Sean. Keef will soon be releasing his third mixtape Finally Rich in which Waka Flocka, Young Jeezy, Yo Gotti and fellow GBE members are to be featured. An interview with Keef is slated to appear as part of an upcoming feature on Chicago artists in Spin Magazine. On July 7, 2012, it was announced that Chief Keef would be performing at Lollapalooza 2012, an annual music festival held in Grant Park, Chicago, IL.

Monument Valley (Navajo: Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaii, meaning valley of the rocks) is a region of the Colorado Plateau characterized by a cluster of vast sandstone buttes, the largest reaching 1,000 ft (300 m) above the valley floor. It is located on the Arizona-Utah state line (around 36°59′N 110°6′W / 36.983°N 110.1°W / 36.983; -110.1), near the Four Corners area. The valley lies within the range of the Navajo Nation Reservation, and is accessible from U.S. Highway 163.

The area is part of the Colorado Plateau. The floor is largely siltstone of the Cutler Formation, or sand derived from it, deposited by the meandering rivers that carved the valley. The valley's vivid red color comes from iron oxide exposed in the weathered siltstone. The darker, blue-gray rocks in the valley get their color from manganese oxide.

The buttes are clearly stratified, with three principal layers. The lowest layer is Organ Rock shale, the middle de Chelly sandstone and the top layer is Moenkopi shale capped by Shinarump siltstone. The valley includes large stone structures including the famed Eye of the Sun.