The yangban were part of the traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. The yangban were either landed or unlanded aristocracy who comprised the Korean Confucian idea of a "scholarly official." In reality, they were basically administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw ancient Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the Joseon Dynasty ended in 1894. Also included in the yangban, especially in the later Joseon dynasty, are the immediate family members and descendants of the office holders.
Unlike the European and Japanese aristocracy where noble titles were conferred on a hereditary basis, the yangban title was de jure conferred to those individuals who passed state-sponsored civil service exams called gwageo (과거, 科擧) and their immediate family members. Upon passing such exams several times, which tested one's knowledge of the Confucian classics and history, a person was usually assigned to a government post. The yangban family that did not succeed to produce a government official for more than three generations could lose its yangban status and become a commoner.
Shang Yang (Chinese: 商鞅; pinyin: Shāng Yāng; Wade–Giles: Shang Yang, 390–338 BC) was an important statesman of the State of Qin during the Warring States Period of Chinese history. Born Wei Yang (simplified Chinese: 卫鞅; traditional Chinese: 衛鞅) in the State of Wey, with the support of Duke Xiao of Qin Yang enacted numerous reforms in Qin. These were in accordance with his legalist philosophy as recorded in The Book of Lord Shang and assisted Qin in its change from a peripheral state to that of a militarily powerful and strongly centralized kingdom. He changed the administration of the state through an emphasis on meritocracy and devolvement of power from the nobility.
The vast majority of Yang's reforms were taken from policies instituted elsewhere, such as from Wu Qi of the State of Chu;[citation needed] however, Yang's reforms were more thorough and extreme than those of other states. Under Yang's tenure, Qin quickly caught up with and surpassed the reforms of other states.
After Duke Xiao of Qin, ascended the Qin throne, Yang left his lowly position in the State of Wey (to whose ruling family he had been born, but had yet to obtain a high position in) to become the chief adviser in Qin at Duke Xiao's behest. There his changes to the state's legal system (which were said to have built upon Li Kui's Canon of Laws) propelled the Qin to prosperity. His policies built the foundation that enabled Qin to conquer all of China, uniting the country for the first time and ushering in the Qin dynasty.
Chi Li (Chinese: 池莉; Pinyin: Chí Lì; 1957 - ), born in Xiantao, Hubei Province of China, is a contemporary female Chinese writer. She graduated from department of Chinese literature at Wuhan University in 1986.
Chi Li has written a number of novels, including the following:
fill my belly with your whisepering some barely on the
thread
orange sound water sworn and cotton fire cold light
swallowing
your song
pasture moonlight newborn legs
let the constellations drop crack
your scorn water your
grave only when you're half erased forget
your lines
bed of nails sharpening the edges of your grace
cold
light sifting through lift the shade and let the night
carry your bed on wingbone legs let the
constellations drop water
your scorn and crack your grave
sharpening the edges of your
face lost a day a bed of nails
lost your lines only when you're
wrecked only when
you're half erased the loneliness aside it's
Bounce wit me, bounce, bounce, bounce
Bounce wit me, bounce, bounce, bounce
Yeah Yeah
Yeah Yeah
Oh Oh No No
Oh Oh No No
WHAT WHAT WHAT
WHAT WHAT WHAT
I bust to the scening cuss to the scening
I admit a little bit I lust for the crideam
Everytime you see me see me biggin up my teaming
on the dream of winning trying to make crideam
Thugged out even when you catch me in the cuisine
my clan mad dirty yall too cliddean (clean)
Hennessey and Smirnoff make a nigga middean (mean)
I need two more like I was a fiddean (fiend)
Drinks galore everytime I'm in the citting (city)
0 to 60 didn't want a sixteening
You see it in my coats or you see it in my jizzeans
(jeans)
you can't tell you should know the way I lizzean (lean)
Water so clear I think I'm in Carribbing (Carribbean)
everybody gone like we straight clipping
you better watch out when we start flipping
seen you fuckin and you know we're not slipping
Ohh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Ohh Oh No NO WHAT WHAT WHAT
Ohh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Ohh Oh No NO WHAT WHAT WHAT
Ayo verse 2 coming with my Heineken brew
N O R putting people back in I C U
You ain't even thiddink that I need a driddink
hit you up quick before you could even bliddink
Give you a splitting cut you up with the shiddank
tell your accountant to go and just check the biddank
I damn near broke you and I ain't even thiddink
I gotta churrda lurrda girls like Shabba Riddanks
Guaranteed to be there just like Fed Ex
We write our own rhymes kid you can check the credits
me and Nature stay fuckin with grimlettes
yo the hood baddest the bitches pussy is the fattest
Smack Smack Smack Smack peep Gladys
if you don't know yo then I don't know
I'm gonna get me some head right after the show
you can meet me at the room shit 664
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
I told yall flippers all of yall quitters
don't be contemplating my figgas
Cuz I hang with go getters straight flow spitters
crys and mo sippers carry yo niggas
I told yall flippers all of yall quitters
don't be contemplating my figgas
Cuz I hang with go getters straight flow spitters
crys and mo sippers carry yo niggas
It's all goodnud do my songs for the hoodnud
platinum nigga while yall thangs go woodnud
Yo you try to dis me ya man told you that you shouldnud
I blew over you and I told you that I couldnud
Me and Drag pack it Neptunes on the wheels
he sneakin in at tables and he's sneakin in feels
People walkin in my section that I don't even know
I'm like get lost yo you stay ya ass home
You a frizzeak always see you in the strizzeet
walkin walkin til you get widdeak
You on the E train 7 train plus the bus
I don't even like you cuz you can't be trust
You need to get up out my face ain't nuttin to discuss
you don't like me then cool yo I don't care
but if you get up in my face yo I don't care
it's a dirty game and both of us ain't playin it fair
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
Oh Oh No No WHAT WHAT WHAT
I told yall flippers all of yall quitters
don't be contemplating my figgas
Cuz I hang with go getters straight flow spitters
crys and mo sippers carry yo niggas
I told yall flippers all of yall quitters
don't be contemplating my figgas
Cuz I hang with go getters straight flow spitters
Biroodo
Neko no o
Shinpin no kutsu de fun jatta
Sainan dawa !
Aa !
Aa !
Aaaaaa !
Kyou wa daiji na you na no desu
Fuman wo
Itteiru
Baai de wa naiwa
Ring ring, morning
Naridasu kikai on
Kirai Suki Kirai
Jirenma no
Beddo no naka de
Kirai Suki Kirai Suki !
Shokugo no
Mazokuge na
Nakigoe ga
Ashi ni karamitsuku no
Sonna kotto yori hayaku
Ikanai to !
Ring, ring, morning
Naridasu kikai on
Kirai Suki Kirai
Annui Kibun
Kagami no mae de
Kirai Suki Kirai Suki !
Ring, ring, darling
Shizuka ni shitete
Kirai Suki Kirai
Jirenma no
Beddo no naka de
Kyou dake tokubetsu