Itzcoatl

Wednesday, 02 January 2013

Itzcoatl Ocampo, Suspect Detained For Homeless Killing, Believed To Be A Serial Killer

ItzcoatL 20 Minutes Quake Live CTF on Defense (Courtyard Conudrum) Part 1

ItzcoatL 20 Minutes Quake Live CTF on Defense (Courtyard Conudrum) Part 2

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Azcapotzalco
Azcapotzalco (Classical Nahuatl: Āzcapotzalco [aːskapoˈtsaɬko], from Nahuatl Azcalli ant; Potzulli anthill; co place; literally, "In the place of the ant hills") is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexico's Federal District is divided. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City. It was a town of its own until it was swallowed up by the burgeoning conurbation of Mexico City.
Today, Azcapotzalco is divided into many colonias (neighborhoods), including Nueva Santa María, Clavería, Electricistas, San Rafael, El Rosario, Villas de Azcapotzalco, El Recreo, Pro-Hogar, Ampliación San Pedro Xalpa, Obrero Popular and Santa Cruz Acayucan.
The historic center of this borough was designated as a "Barrio Mágico" by the city in 2011.
Much of the Spanish Colonial Style architecture is still in use in Azcapotzalco; of particular note is the Church of St. James and St. Philip, with its chapel of the Virgin of Rosario and the associated Dominican monastery.
The chapel contains the following altarpieces:

wn.com/Azcapotzalco
Coyoacán
Coyoacán refers to one of the sixteen boroughs (delegaciones) of the Federal District of Mexico City as well as the former village which is now the borough’s “historic center.” The name comes from Nahuatl and most likely means “place of coyotes,” when the Aztecs named a pre-Hispanic village on the southern shore of Lake Texcoco which was dominated by the Tepanec people. Against Aztec domination, these people welcomed Hernán Cortés and the Spanish, who used the area as a headquarters during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and made it the first capital of New Spain between 1521 and 1523. The village, later municipality, of Coyoacan remained completely independent of Mexico City through the colonial period into the 19th century. In 1857, the area was incorporated into the Federal District when this district was expanded. In 1928, the borough was created when the Federal District was divided into sixteen boroughs. The urban sprawl of Mexico City reached the borough in the mid 20th century, turning farms, former lake and forests into developed areas, but many of the former villages have kept their original layouts, plazas and narrow streets and have conserved structure built from the 16th to the early 20th centuries. This has made the borough of Coyoacan, especially its historic center a popular place to visit on weekends.

wn.com/Coyoacán
Cuernavaca
Cuernavaca (Spanish pronunciation: [kweɾnaˈβaka]; Classical Nahuatl: Cuauhnāhuac [kʷawˈnaːwak]"near the woods") is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. It was established at the archeological site of Gualupita I by the Olmec, "the mother culture" of Mesoamerica, approximately 3200 years ago. It is also a municipality located about 85 km (53 mi) south of Mexico City on the D-95 freeway.
The city was nicknamed the "City of Eternal Spring" by Alexander von Humboldt in the nineteenth century. It has long been a favorite escape for Mexico City and foreign visitors because of this warm, stable climate and abundant vegetation. Aztec emperors had summer residences there, and even today, many famous people as well as Mexico City residents maintain homes there. Cuernavaca is also host to a large foreign resident population, including large numbers of students who come to study the Spanish language.
The name "Cuernavaca" is derived from the Nahuatl phrase "Cuauhnahuac" and means "surrounded by or close to trees". The name eventually was Hispanicized to Cuernavaca because the Spanish could not pronounce the Nahuatl name. The coat-of-arms of the municipality consists of a tree trunk with three branches, with foliage, and four roots colored red. There is a cut in the trunk in the form of a mouth, from which emerges a grey swirl representing speech.

wn.com/Cuernavaca
Lake Chalco
Lake Chalco was an endorheic lake formerly located in the Valley of Mexico and was important for human development in central Mexico. The lake was named after the city of Chalco on its eastern shore.
Lake Chalco and the other Mexican great lakes (the brackish lakes Texcoco, Zumpango and Xaltocan and the freshwater Xochimilco) formed the ancient Basin of Mexico lake system. These lakes were home to many Mesoamerican cultures including the Toltecs and the Aztecs.
Lake Chalco itself had a fresh water hydrologic structure due in large part to the artesian springs lining its south shore. This allowed extensive chinampa beds to be cultivated through the Aztec era. After the Spanish conquest of Mexico these beds fell into disuse and were largely abandoned.
Starting during the Aztec era and continuing into 20th century, efforts were made to drain Lake Chalco and her sister lakes in order to avoid periodic flooding and to provide for expansion. The only one of these lakes still in existence is a diminished Lake Xochimilco.

wn.com/Lake_Chalco
Lake Xochimilco
Lake Xochimilco is an ancient endorheic lake located in the Valley of Mexico, part of a series of lakes, which included the brackish Lake Texcoco, Lake Zumpango, and Lake Xaltocan and the fresh water Lake Chalco. These lakes were the home of many Mesoamerican cultures, including the Teotihuacanos, the Toltecs, and the Aztecs.
Due to its shallow waters and the freshwater springs that lined the south shore of the lake, Lake Xochimilco was the center of chinampa agriculture in the centuries leading up to the Spanish conquest of Mexico. This made the region a prime target for the expansionist Aztecs, who obtained control over the lake in a series of campaigns, from circa 1432 until 1440, during the reign of the Aztec Hueyi Tlatoani, Itzcóatl.
The Spaniards' destruction of the dams and sluice gates in the 1520s, as well as the sharp declines in the native population, led to the near abandonment of the chinampa gardens.
The five lakes within the Valley of Mexico have now largely disappeared, drained to reduce flooding. Only the Xochimilco canals remain from the original Lake Xochimilco. Even today, some chinamperos still work their chinampa gardens within the canals.

wn.com/Lake_Xochimilco
Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.

wn.com/Mexico_City
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan (Classical Nahuatl: Tenōchtitlān [tenoːtʃˈtitɬaːn]), sometimes also known as Mexico Tenochtitlan, was a Nahua altepetl (city-state) located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521. When paired with Mexico the name is a reference to Mexica, the people of the surrounding Aztec heartland. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in the central part of Mexico City.
Its name comes from Nahuatl tetl ("rock") and nochtli = ("prickly pear") and means "Among the prickly pears [growing among] rocks". Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexican altepetl, the other being Tlatelolco.
Tenochtitlan covered an estimated 8 to 13.5 km² (3.1 to 5.2 sq mi), situated on the western side of the shallow Lake Texcoco.
At the time of Spanish conquest, Mexico City comprised Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco at the same time. Since then, the city extended from north to south from the north border of Tlatelolco to the swamps, which by that time were gradually disappearing to the west, the city ended more or less at the present location of Bucareli Street.

wn.com/Tenochtitlan
Valley of Mexico
The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State of Mexico. Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, the Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations, including Teotihuacan, the Toltec, and the Aztec. The ancient Aztec term Anahuac (Land Between the Waters) and the phrase Basin of Mexico are both used at times to refer to the Valley of Mexico. The Basin of Mexico became a well known site that epitomized the scene of early Classic Mesoamerican cultural development as well.
The Valley of Mexico is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The valley contains most of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, as well as parts of the State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala and Puebla. The Valley of Mexico can be subdivided into four basins, but the largest and most-studied is the area which contains Mexico City. This section of the valley in particular is colloquially referred to as the "Valley of Mexico". The valley has a minimum altitude of 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 ft). It is an enclosed valley with no natural outlet for water to flow and a gap to the north where there is a high mesa but no high mountain peaks. Hydrologically, the valley has three features. The first feature is the lakebeds of five now-extinct lakes, which are located in the southernmost and largest of the four sub-basins. The other two features are piedmont, and the mountainsides that collect the precipitation that eventually flows to the lake area. These last two are found in all four of the sub-basins of the valley.Seismic activity is frequent here, and the valley is considered an earthquake prone zone.

wn.com/Valley_of_Mexico

Acamapichtli
Acamapichtli (Classical Nahuatl: Ācamāpichtli [aːkamaːˈpitʃtɬi], meaning "Handful of reeds") was the first tlatoani, or ruler, of the Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founder of the Aztec imperial dynasty. He became ruler in 1375 and reigned for 19 years.
Acamapichtli was not a native of Tenochtitlan. Blood relationships between rulers were an important aspect of politics in 14th century Mexico, and as relative newcomers, the Mexica were at a disadvantage. On the death of Tenoch in 1375, the elders of the Mexica calpultin decided to elect a tlatoani who could secure the fledgling city's position through ties to powerful groups in the region. They sent a delegation to the leaders of Culhuacan. Although the Culhua had only recently ejected the Mexica from Tizaapan, some intermarriage had taken place between the two peoples during their period of association. Acamapichtli was the product of one such union. His father, Opochtli Iztahuatzin, was a Mexica leader, while his mother Atotoztli I was the daughter of the King Coxcoxtli and sister of King Huehue Acamapichtli. He also had ties to the Acolhua of Coatlinchan. In addition to these concrete ties, the Culhua nobility claimed direct descent from the Toltecs, making their bloodline particularly prestigious.

wn.com/Acamapichtli
Ahuitzotl
Ahuizotl (Nahuatl: āhuizotl, pronounced [aːˈwitsotɬ]) (meaning roughly "water dog") was the eighth Aztec ruler, the Hueyi Tlatoani of the city of Tenochtitlan, son of princess Atotoztli II. He was responsible for much of the expansion of the Mexica domain, and consolidated the empire's power after emulating his predecessor. He took power as tlatoani in the year 7 Rabbit (1486), after the death of his predecessor and brother, Tizoc.
His sons were kings Chimalpilli II and Cuauhtémoc.
Perhaps the greatest known military leader of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, Ahuizotl began his reign by suppressing a Huastec rebellion, and then swiftly more than doubled the size of lands under Aztec dominance. He conquered the Mixtec, Zapotec, and other peoples from Mexico's Pacific coast down to the western part of Guatemala. Ahuizotl also supervised a major rebuilding of Tenochtitlan on a grander scale including the expansion of the Great Pyramid or Templo Mayor in the year 8 Reed (1487). Ahuizotl died in the year 10 Rabbit (1502) and was succeeded by his nephew, Moctezuma II.

wn.com/Ahuitzotl
Axayacatl
Axayacatl ([aːʃaijakatɬ] (the name means "Water-mask" or "Water-face") was the sixth Aztec Emperor, a ruler (tlatoani) of the Postclassic Mesoamerican Aztec Empire and city of Tenochtitlan, who reigned from 1469 to 1481.
He is chiefly remembered for subjugating Tlatelolco, Tenochtitlan's sister city, in 1473.
Axayacatl was a son of the princess Atotoztli II and her cousin, prince Tezozomoc. He was a grandson of the Emperors Moctezuma I and Itzcoatl. He was a descendant of the king Cuauhtototzin.
He was a successor of Moctezuma and his brothers were Emperors Tizoc and Ahuitzotl and his sister was the Queen Chalchiuhnenetzin. He was an uncle of the Emperor Cuauhtémoc and father of Emperors Moctezuma II and Cuitláhuac.
Using as a pretext the insulting behavior of a few Tlatelolcan citizens, Axayacatl invaded his neighbor, killed its ruler, Moquihuix, and replaced him with a military governor. The Tlatelolcans lost any voice they had in forming Aztec policy. It is also important that the Great Sun Stone, also known as the Aztec Calendar, was carved under his leadership.

wn.com/Axayacatl
Chimalpopoca
Chimalpopoca (Classical Nahuatl: Chīmalpopōca [tʃiːmaɬpoˈpoːka] for "smoking shield") (1397–1427) was the third king of Tenochtitlan (1417–1427).
Chimalpopoca was born to the King Huitzilihuitl and Queen Ayauhcihuatl.
On the day of Chimalpopoca's coronation in 1417 (some sources say 1416 or 1418), his brother Tlacaelel I was named high priest. From this point on the ecclesiastical and governmental offices among the Aztecs were separate.^{[verification needed]}
When he assumed the throne at age 20, Tenochtitlan was a tributary of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco, which was ruled by his grandfather Tezozomoc. This alliance, and the Mexicas' position within it, was strengthened by Tenochtitlan's loyalty during Tezozomoc's 1418 war with Ixtlilxochitl I of Texcoco. The conquered city was granted to Tenochtitlan as a tributary.
Nezahualcoyotl, displaced prince of Texcoco, was living in the mountains. Chimalpopoca interceded with Tezozomoc on his behalf, and Tezozomoc agreed to allow Netzahualcoyotl to live in Tenochtitlan under his protection.^{[verification needed]}

wn.com/Chimalpopoca
Huitzilihuitl
Huitzilihuitl (Nahuatl language; English: Hummingbird Feather) (d. ca. 1417) was the second tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, governing from 1396 to 1417, (or 1390 to 1410 according to other sources).
Huitzilíhuitl was born in Tenochtitlan, and was the son of Acamapichtli, first tlatoani of the Mexica, and Queen Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin, and had a half-brother Itzcoatl. His maternal grandfather was Acacitli. Only 16 years old when his father died, Huitzilihuitl was elected by the principal chiefs, warriors and priests of the city to replace him. At that time, the Mexica were tributaries of the Tepanec city-state of Azcapotzalco.
Huitzilíhuitl, a good politician, continued the policies of his father, seeking alliances with his neighbors. He founded the Royal Council or Tlatocan and established four permanent electors to advise the new king, in his inexperience, at the beginning of each reign.
He married Ayauhcihuatl, daughter of Tezozómoc, the powerful tlatoani of Azcapotzalco, and obtained a reduction of tribute payments to the symbolic level. Their son Chimalpopoca would succeed his father as tlatoani. After the death of Ayaucíhuatl, Huitzilíhuitl married a second time, to Miahuaxihuitl. She bore him Moctezuma I, who also succeeded to the throne as the fifth tlatoani of Aztecs.

wn.com/Huitzilihuitl
Itzcoatl
Itzcoatl (Classical Nahuatl: Itzcōhuātl [itsˈkoːwaːtɬ], "Obsidian Serpent") was the fourth emperor of the Aztecs, ruling from 1427 (or 1428) to 1440, the period when the Mexica threw off the domination of the Tepanecs and laid the foundations for the eventual Aztec Empire.
Itzcoatl was an illegitimate son of Emperor Acamapichtli. He himself was elected as the king when his predecessor, his nephew Chimalpopoca, was killed by Maxtla of the nearby Tepanec city-state of Azcapotzalco. Allying with Nezahualcoyotl of Texcoco, Itzcoatl went on to defeat Maxtla and end the Tepanec domination of central Mexico.
After this victory, Itzcoatl, Nezahualcoyotl, and Totoquilhuaztli, king of Tlacopan, forged what would become known as the Aztec Triple Alliance, forming the basis of the eventual Aztec empire.
Itzcoatl next turned his attention to the chinampas districts on the south shores of Lakes Xochimilco and Chalco. Fresh water springs lining these shores had allowed the development of extensive raised gardens, or chinampas, set on the shallow lake floors. Successful campaigns against Xochimilco (1430), Mixquic (1432), Cuitlahuac (1433), and Tezompa would secure agricultural resources for Tenochtitlan and, along with the conquest of Culhuacan and Coyoacán, would cement the Triple Alliance's control over the southern half of the Valley of Mexico.

wn.com/Itzcoatl
Maxtla
Maxtla (Nahuatl pronunciation: MASH-LAH) was a Tepanec ruler (tlatoani) of Azcapotzalco from 1426 to his death in 1428.
He was a son of the famous king Tezozomoc, who was a son of Acolnahuacatl and queen Cuetlaxochitzin.
His mother was queen Tzihuacxochitzin I, daughter of the noble dignitary Huitzilaztatzin.
He was a brother of the kings Aculnahuacatl Tzaqualcatl and Quaquapitzahuac and queens Xiuhcanahualtzin and Ayauhcihuatl. He was an uncle of Aztec emperor Chimalpopoca.
His elder half-brother was Tayatzin.
Maxtla was installed as a ruler of Coyoacán. Upon Tezozomoc's death in the year Twelve Rabbit (1426), Tayatzin became a king, but Maxtla seized power at Azcapotzalco, leaving the rulership of Coyoacán to his son Tecollotzin.
Emperor Chimalpopoca of Tenochtitlan allied with Tayatzin, and the two conspired to retake the throne and kill Maxtla. Friendly relations between Tenochtitlan and Azcapotzalco were thus replaced by insults and violent intrigue, apparently involving tit-for-tat assassination attempts. Maxtla sent Chimalpopoca a present of women's clothing.

wn.com/Maxtla
Moctezuma I
Moctezuma I (c. 1398–1469), also known as Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina, Huehuemotecuhzoma or Montezuma I (Classical Nahuatl: Motēuczōma Ilhuicamīna [moteːkʷˈsoːma ilwikaˈmiːna], Classical Nahuatl: Huēhuemotēuczōma [weːwemoteːkʷˈsoːma]), was the fifth Aztec emperor - king of Tenochtitlan. During his reign the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken and Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the Aztec Triple Alliance.
Moctezuma was the son of emperor Huitzilihuitl and queen Miahuaxihuitl. He was a brother of Chimalpopoca, Tlacaelel I and Huehue Zaca. Moctezuma executed Zaca for singing and beating his drum loudly.
According to legend, Miahuaxihuitl miraculously became pregnant with Moctezuma after swallowing a jewel. This may be the origin of the name Ilhuicamina. Moctezuma later married Chichimecacihuatzin I, his mother's niece.#59
Tlacaelel held the position of cihuacoatl - "First councillor" during Moctezuma's reign and some sources ascribe a lot of the success of Moctezuma to Tlacaelel, but this may be a postconquest invention (Gillespie 1989:132).

wn.com/Moctezuma_I
Nezahualcoyotl
Nezahualcoyotl (Classical Nahuatl: Nezahualcoyōtl, pronounced [nesawaɬˈkojoːtɬ], meaning "Coyote in fast" or "Coyote who Fasts") (April 28, 1402 – June 4, 1472) was a philosopher, warrior, architect, poet and ruler (tlatoani) of the city-state of Texcoco in pre-Columbian Mexico. Unlike other high-profile Mexican figures from the century preceding the Spanish Conquest, Nezahualcoyotl was not an Aztec; his people were the Acolhua, another Nahuan people settled in the eastern part of the Valley of Mexico, settling on the eastern side of Lake Texcoco.
He is best remembered for his poetry, but according to accounts by his descendants and biographers, Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl and Juan Bautista de Pomar, he had an experience of an "Unknown, Unknowable Lord of Everywhere" to whom he built an entirely empty temple in which no blood sacrifices of any kind were allowed — not even those of animals. However, he allowed human sacrifices to continue in his other temples.
Acolmiztli Nezahualcoyotl was the son of Ixtlilxochitl I and Matlalcihuatzin, the daughter of Huitzilihuitl. Though born heir to a throne, his youth was not marked by princely luxury. His father had set Texcoco against the powerful city of Azcapotzalco, ruled by the Tepanec. In 1418, when the young prince was fifteen, the Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco, led by Tezozomoc, conquered Texcoco and Nezahualcoyotl had to flee into exile in Huexotzinco, returning to stay in Tenochtitlan in 1422. After Tezozomoc's son Maxtla became ruler of Azcapotzalco, Nezahualcoyotl returned to Texcoco, but had to go into exile a second time when he learned that Maxtla plotted against his life.

wn.com/Nezahualcoyotl
Ross Hassig
Ross Hassig (born December 13, 1965) is an American historical anthropologist specializing in Mesoamerican studies, particularly the Aztec culture. His focus is often on the description of practical infrastructure in Mesoamerican societies. He is the author of several influential books, among them: Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico; Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control; and Trade, Tribute, and Transportation: The Sixteenth-Century Political Economy of the Valley of Mexico.
Hassig began his academic career as an undergraduate at Vanderbilt University, where his studies initially focussed on non-Western legal systems. He soon developed an interest in anthropology, later obtaining in 1974 his Master's degree from Vanderbilt in Law and Anthropology, with a thesis on political development among the Puebloan peoples at Acoma Pueblo. He then went on further his graduate studies at Stanford University, obtaining his Ph.D from the Department of Anthropology there in 1980.

wn.com/Ross_Hassig
Tizoc
Tizocic or Tizocicatzin (the honorific form of his name), usually known in English as Tizoc, was the seventh tlatoani of Tenochtitlan.
He was a son of the princess Atotoztli II and her cousin, prince Tezozomoc. He was a grandson of the Emperors Moctezuma I and Itzcoatl. He was a descendant of the king Cuauhtototzin.
He was a successor of his brother Axayacatl and his other brother was Emperor Ahuitzotl and his sister was the Queen Chalchiuhnenetzin. He was an uncle of Emperors Cuauhtémoc, Moctezuma II and Cuitláhuac and grandfather of Diego de San Francisco Tehuetzquititzin.
Most sources agree that he took power in 1481 (the Aztec year "2 House"), succeeding his older brother. Although Tízoc's reign was relatively short, he began the rebuilding of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan (a task completed by his younger brother in 1487), and also put down a rebellion of the Matlatzincan peoples of the Toluca Valley.
According to the Codex Mendoza, during Tizoc's reign the altepetl of Tonalimoquetzayan, Toxico, Ecatepec, Cillán, Tecaxic, Tolocan, Yancuitlan, Tlappan, Atezcahuacan, Mazatlán, Xochiyetla, Tamapachco, Ecatliquapechco, and Miquetlan were conquered.

wn.com/Tizoc
Tlacaelel
Tlacaelel I (1397 – 1487) was the principal architect of the Aztec Triple Alliance and hence the Mexica (Aztec) empire. He was the son of Emperor Huitzilihuitl and Queen Cacamacihuatl, nephew of Emperor Itzcoatl, and brother of Emperors Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I.
During the reign of his uncle Itzcoatl, Tlacaelel was given the office of Tlacochcalcatl, but during the war against the Tepanecs in the late 1420s, he was promoted to first adviser to the ruler, a position called Cihuacoatl in Nahuatl, an office that Tlacaelel held during the reigns of four consecutive Tlatoque, until his death in 1487.
Tlacaelel recast or strengthened the concept of the Aztecs as a chosen people, elevated the tribal god/hero Huitzilopochtli to top of the pantheon of gods, and increased militarism. In tandem with this, Tlacaelel is said to have increased the level and prevalence of human sacrifice, particularly during a period of natural disasters that started in 1446 (according to Durán). Durán also states that it was during the reign of Moctezuma I, as an invention of Tlacaelel that the flower wars, in which the Aztecs fought Tlaxcala and other Nahuan city-states, were instigated.

wn.com/Tlacaelel
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata

itzcoatl 0537 pelea

.........ps aka esta una pelea de la mjor escuela la "ITZCOATL" xD (ProFeSoRES pROhIBIdo V...

published: 01 Jun 2010

author: julio cesar cruz ramirez

Itzcoatl - Serpiente negra

Aqui les dejo el demo de esta buena banda llamada "ITZCOATL", esta banda es de ACAMBARO GU...

published: 09 Dec 2010

author: EAMCCI

Itzcoatl Ocampo, Suspect Detained For Homeless Killing, Believed To Be A Serial Killer

www.huffingtonpost.com...

published: 16 Jan 2012

author: Martin Brodel

ItzcoatL 20 Minutes Quake Live CTF on Defense (Courtyard Conudrum) Part 1

TAM BLUE: M0rt3rF0rk3r, S73, ItzcoatL, MikeyJim, Mirrorrorrim, Vibration VS TEAM RED: MRSD...

published: 12 Mar 2010

author: MXQLIVE

itzcoatl

...

published: 21 Jul 2011

author: Itzcoatl Martinez

Ballet Folklorico Itzcoatl 2009

Ballet Folklorico Itzcoatl dancing in San Gabriel, Jalisco MX - on vacation...

published: 01 Sep 2009

author: roguebetty

ITZCOATL 79 ALEJANDRA VS MAYRIN

INCHES VIEJAS LOKAS...

published: 30 Jan 2009

author: DEYBIBH

Ballet Folklorico Itzcoatl 2009

Ballet Folklorico Itzcoatl dancing in San Gabriel, Jalisco MX - on vacation...

published: 01 Sep 2009

author: roguebetty

ItzcoatL 20 Minutes Quake Live CTF on Defense (Courtyard Conudrum) Part 2

TEAM BLUE: M0rt3rF0rk3r, S73, ItzcoatL, MikeyJim, Mirrorrorrim, Vibration VS TEAM RED: MRS...

published: 17 Mar 2010

author: MXQLIVE

Itzcoatl & Zakir

This is a small tribute I made for my mate Itzcoatl on an rp pack called Thunder Tribe....

published: 15 Jun 2010

author: toklo123seek

ITZCOATL

leyendo estética vintage...

published: 30 May 2008

author: yaxkinmex

BARRANCA DE OTATES, BALET ITZCOATL 3

BAILANDO EN LA INAUGURACION DE LA EXPLANADA...

published: 04 Feb 2009

author: Carlos Alberto Castro Perez

Colonia Itzcóatl, muestra de progreso antorchista

...

published: 03 Dec 2012

author: Antorcha Campesina

ITZCOATL 537 BAILE DE TECKTONIK

super baile jajaja...

published: 18 May 2011

author: Erick Normadia

The Rubik Cube

Rubik Cube...

published: 11 Feb 2010

author: Itzcoatl

Trailer "El Arbol Asesino"

En tu casa puedes tener un.......

published: 11 Feb 2010

author: Itzcoatl

ESPN Animation

I made this animation in After Effects. I've used Trapcode Paticular to make letters and p...

published: 05 Aug 2012

author: Itzcoatl Eriquez

Itzcoatl Tonatiuh - 2do Foro Regional del Colegio Nacional de Economistas

Itzcoatl Tonatiuh durante su participación en el Segundo Foro Regional "Hacia un nuevo mod...

published: 11 Feb 2011

author: Colegio Nacional de Economistas

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photo: AP / New York City Police Department

In this image provided by the New York City Police Department, a composite sketch showing the woman believed to have pushed a man to his death in front of a subway train on Thursday, Dec. 27, 2012 is shown.

US woman charged with hate crime in subway death

Taipei Times

30 Dec 2012

A woman who told police she shoved a man to his death off a subway platform because she has hated Muslims since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the US and thought he was one was charged on Saturday with murder as a hate crime, prosecutors said ... Menendez, 31, was awaiting arraignment on the charge on Saturday evening, Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said. She faces 25 years to life in prison if convicted ... On Dec ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

photo: AP / Felicia Fonseca

File - Ram Herder, 89, is shown on May 22, 2008 in his Sanders, Ariz. home that was provided by the federal government as part of a massive relocation project to move Navajos from land Congress said belonged to the Hopi Tribe.

A New Year's Resolution: An Apology Day?

WorldNews.com

01 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)

photo: AP / Shaam News Network

In this image taken from video obtained from the Shaam News Network, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, smoke rises from buildings from heavy shelling in Homs, Syria, on Thursday, Dec. 27, 2012.

Syria risks becoming ‘new Somalia’: UN envoy

Zeenews

30 Dec 2012

London. UN-Arab League envoy to Damascus, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said that a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Syria seemed far away, adding that the country risked being slithering into ‘hell’ ... (ANI). For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest. First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: AP / John MacDougall

German Chancellor Angela Merkel gestures while posing for photographs after recording her annual New Year's speech at the chancellery in Berlin Sunday, Dec. 30, 2012.

Merkel warns Germans of tough economic times ahead

BBC News

31 Dec 2012

Chancellor Angela Merkel has warned that the German economic climate in 2013 will be "even more difficult". In her new year message, she also cautioned that the eurozone debt crisis was far from over. However, she did say that reforms designed to address the roots of the problem were beginning to bear fruit ... In a taped interview to be broadcast later on Monday, Mrs Merkel urged Germans to be more patient ... Voters 'wary' ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

photo: AP / Arshad Butt

Security men gather at the site of a suicide bombing in Quetta, Pakistan, Sunday, Dec. 30, 2012.

Car bombing leaves at least 19 dead, 25 injured in Pakistan

The Los Angeles Times

30 Dec 2012

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan – At least 19 people were killed by a car bomb in Pakistan on Sunday, the latest in a pattern of escalating attacks by militants in recent weeks. An explosives-laden car was detonated next to a convoy of three buses carrying Shiite Muslim pilgrims from Pakistan’s western Baluchistan province to Iran. The blast also injured 25 people ... “The other two buses were partially damaged.” ... ALSO. ... 0 ... ... . ... ....(size: 29.9Kb)

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Dennis Petillo Arrested For Setting Homeless Woman On Fire While She Slept

Huffington Post

28 Dec 2012

Prosecutors have charged 23-year-old Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, and a Iraq war veteran with the murders of four homeless men in a nearly month-long spree that prompted police in Orange County to urge the homeless to seek shelter indoors ... Prosecutors have charged 23-year-old Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, and a Iraq war veteran with the ......(size: 9.5Kb)

Homeless Woman Set On Fire While Sleeping On Bench In Van Nuys, Calif. (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

27 Dec 2012

The suspect, Itzcoatl Ocampo, who was discharged from the Marines in 2010, is awaiting trial as the suspect in the murders ... Prosecutors have charged 23-year-old Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, and a Iraq war veteran with the murders of four homeless men in a nearly month-long spree that prompted police in Orange County to urge the homeless to seek shelter indoors....(size: 8.0Kb)

Hopes for year-round shelter grow for homeless

MSNBC

04 Nov 2012

A focused effort in the past year has brought Orange County the closest it has been to realizing a goal of opening a year-round emergency shelter for the homeless, advocates for the homeless and county officials say ... The hope is that perhaps as soon as next year, a place will be up and running ... Police arrested Itzcoatl "Izzy" Ocampo of Yorba Linda in January after four homeless men were stabbed to death in north Orange County ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)

Drifter pleads not guilty to stabbing three homeless

The Examiner

29 Jul 2012

Related topics. HomelessnessstabbingSuspectLos AngelesSkid Row. Advertisement. A man accused of stabbing three homeless people in the back as they slept and leaving behind so-called death warrants this week pleaded not guilty to attempted murder ... He is being held on $3 million bail ... The victims survived, police said, though one remains hospitalized ... In those cases, a suspect, Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was arrested. Location ... Tweet ... ....(size: 7.8Kb)

Man in custody for allegedly stabbing three sleeping homeless people in L.A. area

New York Daily News

22 Jul 2012

Police have detained a suspect in the brutal stabbings of three Los Angeles-area homeless people – a man who cops say goes by the name that was found on the "death warrants" left with the injured victims ... Andrew Smith said Saturday ... It is the sole incident in which a witness saw the alleged attacker ... Itzcoatl Ocampo, an Iraq War veteran, was arrested after he allegedly stabbed five homeless people to death....(size: 3.3Kb)

Police arrest man over signed 'death warrants' left at scene of three homeless stabbings

The Daily Mail

21 Jul 2012

Police have detained a person of interest in the stabbings of three Los Angeles-area homeless people in recent weeks, a man they say goes by a name signed on 'death warrants' found with the wounded victims ... Police have not called him a suspect in the case ... Scroll down for video ...   ... Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was charged in those homeless murders, and also has been charged with killing the mother and brother of his friend ... ....(size: 13.0Kb)

David Ben Keyes A Person Of Interest In Homeless Stabbings, Say Police (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

Huffington Post

20 Jul 2012

Police are on the hunt for David Ben Keyes, a musician from Santa Barbara who has been missing for weeks. Keyes has been named a "person of interest" in the stabbing attacks of three homeless people in Santa Monica and Los Angeles, Calif ... In January of this year, former Marine Itzcoatl Ocampo was arrested for allegedly slaying four homeless people in Orange County ... Former marine Itzcoatl Ocampo has been charged with those murders ... Like ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)

‘Death warrants’ left by 3 victims

Pittsburgh Tribune Review

20 Jul 2012

Citing law enforcement sources, the Los Angeles Times reported Thursday the victims — described as two men and a woman in their 50s — survived the assaults ... Itzcoatl Ocampo, an Iraq War veteran, told authorities that he targeted the homeless because “they were available and vulnerable,” and that he believed he was performing a public service because their presence was a “blight” on the community, according to a grand jury transcript....(size: 1.9Kb)

‘Death warrants’ left by 3 stabbed in California

Pittsburgh Tribune Review

20 Jul 2012

3 LA-area homeless people found stabbed with notes

The Tribune San Luis Obispo

20 Jul 2012

Police have linked three July stabbings of homeless people in the Los Angeles area to one suspect who left typewritten "death warrant" notes at each crime scene ... Andrew Smith said ... The victims survived, though one remains hospitalized, police said ... Homicide Division Capt ... 2011 and January. Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was charged in those homeless murders, and also has been charged with killing the mother and brother of his friend ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

>3 LA-area homeless people found stabbed with notes

Seattle Post

20 Jul 2012

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Police have linked three July stabbings of homeless people in the Los Angeles area to one suspect who left typewritten "death warrant" notes at each crime scene ... Andrew Smith said ... The victims survived, though one remains hospitalized, police said ... Homicide Division Capt ... Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was charged in those homeless murders, and also has been charged with killing the mother and brother of his friend....(size: 2.1Kb)

LA police seek man in stabbings of 3 homeless people found with knives, 'death warrants'

Star Tribune

20 Jul 2012

LOS ANGELES - Police have linked three July stabbings of homeless people in the Los Angeles area to one suspect who left typewritten "death warrant" notes at each crime scene ... Andrew Smith said ... The victims survived, though one remains hospitalized, police said ... 2011 and January. Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was charged in those homeless murders, and also has been charged with killing the mother and brother of his friend ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

LA police seek man in stabbings of 3 homeless people found with knives, ‘death warrants’

The Washington Post

20 Jul 2012

LOS ANGELES — Police have linked three July stabbings of homeless people in the Los Angeles area to one suspect who left typewritten “death warrant” notes at each crime scene ... Andrew Smith said. Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections?. Recommend. Personal Post ... Itzcoatl Ocampo, a former Marine, was charged in those homeless murders, and also has been charged with killing the mother and brother of his friend ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)

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ItzcoatI
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Bronze casting done of Itzcoatl by Jesus Contraras in the Garden of the Triple Alliance located in the historic center of Mexico City.
Reign	1427–1440
Died	1440
Predecessor	Chimalpopoca
Successor	Moctezuma I
Wife	Queen Huacaltzintli
Offspring	Tezozomoc
Father	Acamapichtli
Mother	Tepanec woman from Azcapotzalco

Itzcoatl (Classical Nahuatl: Itzcōhuātl [itsˈkoːwaːtɬ], "Obsidian Serpent") was the fourth emperor of the Aztecs, ruling from 1427 (or 1428) to 1440, the period when the Mexica^[1] threw off the domination of the Tepanecs and laid the foundations for the eventual Aztec Empire.

1 Biography
2 Family
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links

Biography [link]

Itzcoatl was an illegitimate son of Emperor Acamapichtli.^[2] He himself was elected as the king when his predecessor, his nephew Chimalpopoca, was killed by Maxtla of the nearby Tepanec city-state of Azcapotzalco. Allying with Nezahualcoyotl of Texcoco, Itzcoatl went on to defeat Maxtla and end the Tepanec domination of central Mexico.

After this victory, Itzcoatl, Nezahualcoyotl, and Totoquilhuaztli, king of Tlacopan, forged what would become known as the Aztec Triple Alliance, forming the basis of the eventual Aztec empire.

Itzcoatl next turned his attention to the chinampas districts on the south shores of Lakes Xochimilco and Chalco. Fresh water springs lining these shores had allowed the development of extensive raised gardens, or chinampas, set on the shallow lake floors. Successful campaigns against Xochimilco (1430), Mixquic (1432), Cuitlahuac (1433), and Tezompa would secure agricultural resources for Tenochtitlan and, along with the conquest of Culhuacan and Coyoacán, would cement the Triple Alliance's control over the southern half of the Valley of Mexico.

With this string of victories, Itzcoatl took the title Culhua tecuhtli, "Lord of the Culhua" while Totoquilhuaztli, king of Tlacopan, took the title Tepaneca tecuhtli, "Lord of the Tepanecs".

In 1439, Itzcoatl undertook a campaign outside the Valley of Mexico against Cuauhnahuac (Cuernavaca).

According to the Madrid Codex, Itzcoatl ordered the burning of all historical codices because it was "not wise that all the people should know the paintings".^[3] Among other purposes, this allowed the Aztec state to develop a state-sanctioned history and mythos that venerated Huitzilopochtli.

Itzcoatl also continued the building of Tenochtitlan: during his reign temples, roads, and a causeway were built. Itzcoatl established the religious and governmental hierarchy that was assumed by his nephew Moctezuma I upon his death in 1440.

Map showing the expansion of the Aztec empire showing the areas conquered by the Aztec rulers. The conquests of Itzcoatl are marked by the colour red.^[4]

Family [link]

Itzcoatl was a son of Acamapichtli and half-brother of Huitzilihuitl. He was an uncle of Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I.

He married princess Huacaltzintli and had a son Tezozomoc and was a grandfather of Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzotl.

Notes [link]

^ the dominant ethno-political group within the later Aztec political sphere.
^ Itzcoatl's mother is given as a Tepanec woman from Azcapotzalco; see for example Aguilar-Moreno (2007, p. 39).
^ Madrid Codex, VIII, 192v, as quoted in León-Portilla, p. 155. Note that León-Portilla finds Tlacaelel to be the instigator of this burning, despite lack of specific historical evidence.^{[verification needed]}
^ Based on the maps by Ross Hassig in "Aztec Warfare"

References [link]

Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (2007). Handbook to Life in the Aztec World. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533083-0. OCLC 81150666.

Coe, Michael D.; Dean Snow and Elizabeth P. Benson (1986). Atlas of Ancient America. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-1199-0. OCLC 11518017.

Hassig, Ross (1988). Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 188. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2121-1. OCLC 17106411.

León-Portilla, Miguel (1963). Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 67. Jack Emory Davis (trans.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. OCLC 181727.

Weaver, Muriel Porter (1993). The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors: Archaeology of Mesoamerica (3rd edition ed.). San Diego, California: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-739065-0. OCLC 25832740.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Itzcóatl

"Izcohuatl". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1892.

Preceded by Chimalpopoca	Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan 1427–1440	Succeeded by Moctezuma I

Persondata
Name	Itzcoatl
Alternative names
Short description	4th Aztec emperor
Date of birth
Place of birth
Date of death	1440
Place of death

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzcoatl

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the musician. For her self-titled EP, see Little Boots (EP). For the Roman emperor with this nickname, see Caligula.

Little Boots
Little Boots in 2012
Background information
Birth name	Victoria Christina Hesketh
Born	(1984-05-04) 4 May 1984 (age 28) Blackpool, Lancashire, England
Genres	Electropop, synthpop, nu-disco
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, piano, keyboards, synthesizer, Tenori-on, Stylophone
Years active	2005–present
Labels	IAMSOUND, 679, Atlantic, Elektra
Website	littlebootsmusic.co.uk

Victoria Christina Hesketh (born 4 May 1984),^[1] better known by her stage name Little Boots, is an English electropop singer-songwriter.^[2] Her stage name comes from a nickname given to her by a friend, a reference to her unusually small feet. As a musician, Boots sings and plays the piano, keyboards, synthesizer, Stylophone and a Japanese electronic instrument called Tenori-on.^[3]^[4] After a return to college to focus on her studies, Hesketh along with two of her fellow students formed the electropunk band Dead Disco. The band had limited releases of their four singles but due to increasingly different ideas about the band's musical direction Hesketh left to pursue a solo career.^[5] Hesketh has cited as influences The Human League, Gary Numan, Kraftwerk, Pink Floyd, Kylie Minogue, Britney Spears and Jean Michel Jarre.^[6]

Hesketh began writing her own songs and posting covers on social networking sites such as YouTube and Myspace. After appearing on several shows including Later... with Jools Holland and Last Call with Carson Daly, Hesketh entered production on her debut album Hands. With increasing media attention regarding her then-yet-to-be-released debut album, Hesketh topped the BBC Sound of 2009 poll and received a Critics' Choice nomination at the 2009 BRIT Awards.^[7] With the release of her debut, she was linked to a recent wave of breakthrough female artists in their twenties playing 1980s-influenced music, including Lady Gaga, Ladyhawke, Florence and the Machine and Elly Jackson of La Roux.^[8]

Her debut album, Hands, released on 8 June 2009, peaked at number five on the UK Albums Chart and at number twenty on the Irish Albums Chart. The first single off the album "New in Town" became a top twenty hit,^[9] while the next single "Remedy", produced by RedOne,^[10] reached the top ten. She has also released the EP Illuminations in the United States.^[11] Her second album is scheduled to be released in sometime during 2012.^[12]

1 Biography
2 Touring and performances
- 2.1 2009
- 2.2 2010
3 Other pursuits and appearances
4 Discography
5 References
6 External links

Biography [link]

1984–2005: Early life and career beginnings [link]

Hesketh was born in Blackpool, Lancashire to English parents;^[13] her father has a car sales business and her mother is a writer. The eldest sibling with three brothers,^[1] she was raised in the area of Thornton, between Blackpool and Fleetwood, Lancashire.^[13]

From the age of five Hesketh played the piano and began lessons at six,^[14] later taking lessons from Arthur Lingings and eventually winning a music scholarship. During this time she was taught how to play the flute, was a member of the school choir and travelled regularly to Manchester to take lessons on her harp. Trained initially in classical singing by Janet Wunderley, by the age of thirteen Hesketh was writing her own songs.^[14]

Hesketh attended the Rossall School in Fleetwood,^[15] and then Blackpool Sixth Form College;^[16] it was around this time that she entered the ITV talent competition search Pop Idol aged sixteen. Reaching the third round, she was eliminated by the producers of the show and did not reach the panel of judges.^[17] She stated, "It gave me a thicker skin and it made me realise that it wasn't a short cut to getting where I wanted to be."^[18]

After singing with the Lancashire Youth Jazz Orchestra and performing with a jazz trio for some time Hesketh decided to prioritise her education and studied cultural studies at the University of Leeds, attaining a first-class honours degree.^[19] She subsidised her course by playing "awful, schmoozy lounge versions of Norah Jones songs" in hotels around the north-west. "It paid me loads of money, but it's not what I wanted to be doing" she said.^[20] It was during her time at Leeds University that Hesketh, along with two of her fellow students, formed the all girl band Dead Disco, Hesketh herself eventually becoming the lead singer.^[20]

2005–08: Dead Disco [link]

Dead Disco at the Leeds Festival in 2006

While studying at the University of Leeds, Hesketh answered an online advertisement posted by Lucy Catherwood and Marie France looking for a lead singer in order to start a band.^[21] Sharing an interest and love of The Killers, Ladytron, The Rapture and Siouxsie & the Banshees, they formed the electropunk band Dead Disco in August 2005,^[22] The band got their name through randomly picking words from a hat.^[23] With Dead Disco, Hesketh sang lead vocals and played synth, while Catherwood and Franceon played guitar and bass, respectively.^[24]

With only a few songs written, Dead Disco began playing gigs around the north of England; their live gig in the headline slot at the "In the City" event in Manchester gained them enough recognition to get a recording stint with James Ford. Working with Ford in his London attic studio, the band issued a limited release of their debut single "The Treatment" in April 2006 on the record label High Voltage.^[21] Their second release "City Place" was a digital-only release through Playlouder Records.

With the success of several sell out gigs and an appearance at the Leeds Festival, the band moved to Los Angeles to begin recording their debut album with Greg Kurstin. However, it was around this time that Hesketh herself began to write songs not in keeping with the band's "indie" style. Choosing a new musical direction, Hesketh left Dead Disco; they officially revealed their disbandment on their Myspace blog in December 2008.^[25] In an interview with The Times, Hesketh spoke about her gradual shift away from the band: "All the time I'd been hiding my own songs and finally I had to make the sort of music I actually wanted to listen to. [...] Before I used to always think, 'What would a jazz performer do?' or 'What would the band do?'—Now it's so easy because it's 'What would I do?' It's just me."^[26] In a later interview Hesketh noted that the bands' label was pressuring the group to have a certain style and that her fellow band mates lost confidence in her because she wanted to write "cheesy" songs.^[27]

[edit] 2008–10: Mainstream success, Hands and Illuminations

Little Boots performing at the Arvika Festival in 2009

With her departure from Dead Disco in August 2007, Hesketh decided to begin a new solo career in pop. She returned to her parents' house to begin recording various covers of pop songs by artists which included Girls Aloud, Kate Bush, MGMT, Hot Chip, Madonna, Blur, Estelle, Alphabeat, Wham! and Miley Cyrus and posted them on social networking websites YouTube and Myspace. Within a year she had narrowed down a list of her songs to create an album and by getting in touch with Greg Kurstin,^[28] with whom she had previously worked with Dead Disco, Hesketh started production on her debut album Hands. In early 2008 she began using the stage name Little Boots. Hands was recorded in Los Angeles with Greg Kurstin and Joe Goddard,^[29]^[30] and by January 2009 she had begun to compile the album's track listings. During this period Boots topped the BBC Sound of 2009 poll ahead of the likes of White Lies, Florence and the Machine and Empire of the Sun, leading to surge of media attention regarding her then-yet-to-be-released album.^[31]

Hands was released on 8 June 2009. A limited edition 12-inch vinyl of the album was also released on 10 June, which was limited to 1000 copies. The album peaked at number five on the UK Albums Chart and has produced the top twenty hit "New in Town" and top ten hit "Remedy". The album also did well in Europe and Japan.^[32]

Critical response to the album was generally favourable, generating a score of 70 on Metacritic.^[33] In a review for musicOMH, Michael Cragg called it "a well-crafted, glorious pop record."^[34] ClashMusic.com reviewer Joe Zadeh disagreed, writing that the album "falls victim to attempts to reach beyond more boundaries than necessary, and thus ironically loses the concentration of the more earnest listener."^[35] David Renshaw of Gigwise.com described Hands as "a big pop album" that "rival[s] Lady Gaga, Girls Aloud or Lily Allen."^[36] Ben Thompson of The Guardian wrote that the album's production was "diverse" and called the song "Symmetry", a duet with Philip Oakey, a "joyous cross-generational head-to-head."^[37] NME reviewer Emily Mackay wrote that "Little Boots gives us an inspiring story of self-realization" and called the album "brilliant."^[38] Pete Paphides of The Times named "Stuck on Repeat" the album's "best moment" due to its "exquisite vulnerability."^[39] Boots was also nominated for Critics' Choice at the 2009 BRIT Awards.^[7] She was included on Esquire magazine's list of sixty "Brilliant Brits 2009",^[40] and was named a 2009 artist to watch by American magazine Rolling Stone.^[6]

Boots collaborated with illustrator and artist Chrissie Abbott for the artwork of the album.^[41] The artwork for the album has been compared to Pink Floyd's 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon because of its geometric design and fairytale imagery.^[42] The album was released in the United States on 2 March 2010,^[43] debuting at number seven in the Top Heatseekers chart.^[44]

Little Boots at Studio B in 2009

On 9 June 2009, Boots released an EP entitled Illuminations in the United States and Canada. It includes "Stuck on Repeat", "New in Town", "Magical", "Love Kills" (a cover of Freddie Mercury's 1984 song) and "Not Now" (which is only available on the US edition).^[11]^[45] Designed to help relaunch Elektra Records, the EP peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart on 27 June 2009.^[46]

2010–present: New material and second album [link]

In an interview with music website Artistdirect on 1 March 2010, Boots stated that her second album would be "rawer and a bit more down-to-earth. It'll still be magical, but quite dark and spooky at the same time." She added that she has drawn inspiration from the poetry of Edgar Allan Poe.^[47] On 1 May 2011, she performed at China Music Valley Music Festival in Beijing, during which she performed a new song called "Crescendo".

In late September 2011, Boots performed several old and new songs acoustically at the Mondrian Hotel in Los Angeles.^[48] One month later, on 24 October 2011, she released a mixtape called Shake Until Your Heart Breaks and announced that she would embark on an international DJ tour to promote her new material.^[49] She would later release the song "Shake" digitally and on a limited edition vinyl on 13 November 2011.^[12]^[50] Boots collaborated with English electronic producer Michael Woods on the song "I Wish", which premiered during Woods's set on BBC Radio 1's Essential Mix on 10 December 2011.^[51]

Boots unveiled her third new mixtape, Into the Future, on 9 March 2012 via her official SoundCloud page. The mix includes re-workings of Azari & III's "Reckless with Your Love", Kylie Minogue's "Slow" and the title track a Tensnake remix of "Every Night I Say a Prayer" which she wrote with Andy Butler of Hercules and Love Affair.^[52] On 22 April 2012, "Every Night I Say a Prayer" was released as a free digital download and on limited 12" vinyl on 679 and Trax Records to coincide with Record Store Day.^[53] She supported the launch with a short live set at Rough Trade East in London on 21 April.^[54]^[55]

Touring and performances [link]

2009 [link]

File:Little Boots Stylophone.jpg

Little Boots performs on the Stylophone during her 2009 North American tour

Little Boots' first televised appearance was on Later... with Jools Holland on 7 November 2008. She was invited to perform on the show after posting songs on MySpace.^[56] On 4 March 2009, Little Boots appeared on late night television show Last Call with Carson Daly in the United States where she was interviewed by Daly and several clips from a Los Angeles nightclub performance were shown.^[57] Little Boots performed "Stuck on Repeat" using the Tenori-on on the 11 May 2009 edition of BBC Breakfast.^[58] She returned to Later... with Jools Holland on 15 May 2009, becoming the only artist to perform on the show twice prior to having an album released.^[56] This was followed by an appearance on the BBC Radio 4 programme Woman's Hour on 27 May 2009.^[59] Also in 2009, the song "Meddle" was featured in an advertisement for Victoria's Secret.^[60] On 5 June 2009, she appeared on Bebo music show Beat, performing "New in Town" live in the studio.^[61]

On 3 July 2009 Little Boots closed out Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.^[62] A week later, she performed at Oxegen 2009 on the Hot Press New Bands Stage, her first performance in Ireland.^[63] The following weekend she performed at T4 on the Beach 2009 on both the T4 and 4Music Stages.^[64]

Little Boots performed "Remedy" and a cover version of JLS' "Beat Again" as part of the Live Lounge segment of BBC Radio 1's The Jo Whiley Show on 19 August 2009.^[65] Later in the month, Little Boots performed at the Reading and Leeds Festivals on the Radio 1/NME Stage.^[66] Between those appearances, she also performed at Manchester Pride 2009, an LBGT pride event.^[67] In September 2009 she was scheduled to embark on a five-city North American tour to support the Illuminations EP.^[11] The following month she performed on the main stage at the Bestival 2009 in Downend, Isle of Wight.^[68]

Little Boots went on a five-city sold-out US tour in the autumn of 2009 in support of Illuminations.^[43] On 26 October 2009 Little Boots performed as the main act at 53 Degrees in Preston, Lancashire.^[69] Along with this, Little Boots revisited the Blackpool Sixth Form College to film a 360 Session for Channel 4. The college's media studies, music technology and college magazine all got to work with her and Sixth Sense, the college magazine, managed to get their second exclusive interview with Little Boots, which was published in January 2010.^[16] On 7 December Little Boots dueted with Gary Numan on the 6 Music Live Combos show, broadcast on 11 December.^[70]

2010 [link]

Little Boots performing in Seattle in 2010

On 2 March 2010 Little Boots was scheduled to embark on a thirteen-date North American tour to coincide with the release of Hands there.^[43] She toured without her laser harp because she was not a certified laser operator (which is a legal requirement in the US for certain laser appliances) and therefore she was not allowed to travel with the instrument.^[71] However, on 17 March, seven of the planned concerts were cancelled; Little Boots cited this was due to "unforeseen circumstances and commitments in the UK".^[72]

The following month, Little Boots performed a set in the Gobi Tent at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio, California. She told the audience that much of her crew and costumes had been stranded in the UK due to the Icelandic volcano—which had forced some UK artists, such as Gary Numan and Bad Lieutenant, to cancel their Coachella engagements entirely—and that aspects of her set had to be improvised at the last minute.^[73] Two months later, Little Boots performed on the NewNowNext Awards show on the United State LBGT cable channel Logo.^[74]

Other pursuits and appearances [link]

Little Boots in 2008

Many of Boots' songs have been used on television and film. "New in Town" has appeared numerous times, including in the 2009 American horror film Jennifer's Body^[75] "Remedy" was used in the Dollhouse episode entitled "Belle Chose".^[76] It was also used in a scene in the third series of Gavin & Stacey.^[77]

"Meddle" was featured in the ninth episode of the third series of the British teen drama Skins, titled "Katie and Emily" and broadcast 19 March 2009. It also appears in a Victoria's Secret commercial, along with appearing in the new Channel 4 comedy series, Friday Night Dinner. The Hands track "Click" was used in the twentieth episode of The Vampire Diaries, "Blood Brothers", and in the sixteenth episode of Melrose Place, "Santa Fe", which aired on 30 March 2010.

Boots has contributed to a documentary about the Stylophone.^[10] She has also collaborated with RjDj, and released a remix app for the iPhone entitled The Little Boots – Reactive Remixer, which allows users to remix "Remedy", "Meddle" and "New in Town" and share it over social networking sites.^[78]

Boots has joined the War on Want campaign, part of which supports protests against sweatshops in India.^[79]

Discography [link]

Main article: Little Boots discography

Hands (2009)

References [link]

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^ ^a ^b ^c "Little Boots Set To Release Much-Anticipated Full-Length Album 'Hands' On March 2, 2010". top40-charts.com. 12 January 2010. http://top40-charts.com/news/Pop-Rock/Little-Boots-Set-To-Release-Much-Anticipated-Full-Length-Album-HANDS-On-March-2-2010/53831.html. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
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External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Little Boots

Official website

Preceded by Adele	Sound of... 2009	Succeeded by Ellie Goulding

v t e Little Boots

Discography

Albums	Hands

EPs	Arecibo Little Boots iTunes Live from London Illuminations

Singles	"New in Town" "Remedy" "Earthquake" "Shake" "Every Night I Say a Prayer" "Headphones"

Promotional singles	"Stuck on Repeat" "Meddle"

Related articles	Dead Disco Greg Kurstin

Persondata
Name	Little Boots
Alternative names	Hesketh, Victoria
Short description	English electronic musician and singer
Date of birth	5 April 1984
Place of birth	Blackpool, Lancashire, England
Date of death
Place of death

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Contents

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Contents

[edit] 2008–10: Mainstream success, Hands and Illuminations

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