Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point size, line length, line-spacing (leading), letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space within letters pairs (kerning). The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information.
Typography is the work of typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, graffiti artists, and now—anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers, and symbols for publication, display, or distribution—from clerical workers and newsletter writers to anyone self-publishing materials. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of previously unrelated designers and lay users, and David Jury, head of graphic design at Colchester Institute in England, states that "typography is now something everybody does." As the capability to create typography has become ubiquitous, the application of principles and best practices developed over generations of skilled workers and professionals has diminished. So at a time when scientific techniques can support the proven traditions (e.g. greater legibility with the use of serifs, upper and lower case, contrast, etc.) through understanding the limitations of human vision, typography often encountered may fail to achieve its principal objective, effective communication.
The typographer, America's first typewriter, was invented and made by William Austin Burt.
It was patented on July 23, 1829, as U.S. patent No. 5581X. United States Patent Office documents describe Burt's American machine as "the actual construction of a type writing machine for the first time in any country". It was the first practical typewriting machine ever made in America, although Pellegrino Turri had made one in Italy in 1808. The patent gave Burt the full exclusive rights to his new typewriter machine for 14 years, including vending or selling to others any or all of these rights as he saw fit, signed by President Andrew Jackson.
All "type writing" machines, those that used letters of typeface, were generally given the name "typographer" from Burt's 1829 patent until 1874 by subsequent inventors that improved on Burt's machine. The concept ultimately came to be called "The Type-Writer" in 1874. The word stayed hyphenated until the 1880s. William Ozmun Wyckoff, president of the New York State Shorthand Reporters' Association in 1886, and founder of the Remington Typewriter Company, publicized the unhyphenated name "typewriter". It became very well known, and the public finally accepted this then as one word by 1919. Eventually, Burt's typographer was called a typewriter.
Actors: Ken Adams (actor), Mike Agresta (actor), John L. Armijo (actor), John L. Armijo (actor), Frank Brennan (actor), Cameron M. Brown (actor), Edrick Browne (actor), Tom Bubrig (actor), Alex Bulat (actor), Casey Bundick (actor), Ben Castro (actor), Edward J. Clare (actor), David A Cole (actor), Dominic Cooper (actor), Ken Adams (actor),
Plot: At the age of 9, Abraham Lincoln witnesses his mother being killed by a vampire, Jack Barts. Some 10 years later, he unsuccessfully tries to eliminate Barts but in the process makes the acquaintance of Henry Sturgess who teaches him how to fight and what is required to kill a vampire. The quid pro quo is that Abe will kill only those vampires that Henry directs him to. Abe relocates to Springfield where he gets a job as a store clerk while he studies the law and kills vampires by night. He also meets and eventually marries the pretty Mary Todd. Many years later as President of the United States, he comes to realize that vampires are fighting with the Confederate forces. As a result he mounts his own campaign to defeat them.
Keywords: 3-dimensional, 35-star-american-flag, action-hero, actress-shares-first-name-with-character, african-american, ambush, anti-hero, assistant, axe, axe-fightActors: Alessandro Agnello (actor), Pino Aiello (actor), Giacinto Albanese (actor), Aldo (actor), Gaetano Aronica (actor), Alessio Baffa Scinelli (actor), Gaetano Balistreri (actor), Gaetano Balistreri (actor), Leonardo Bellanca (actor), Paride Benassai (actor), Vincenzo Bonanno (actor), Roberto Bonura (actor), Raoul Bova (actor), Paolo Briguglia (actor), Roberto Adelfio (actor),
Plot: The film begins in the 1920's, in the Sicilian town of Bagheria (a.k.a. Baaria) where Giuseppe "Peppino" Torrenuova works as a shepherd to financially help his poor family. Over the next 50 years Giuseppe's life, as well as the life of the village, is observed. Giuseppe grows up, joins the Communist Party, marries a local girl (Mannina), has children and forges a political career for himself.
Keywords: 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, actress-playing-multiple-roles, actual-animal-killed, affair, airplaneActors: Harri Ekonen (actor), Raimo Grönberg (actor), Vesa Haltsonen (actor), Marko Honkanen (actor), Pertti Jartti (actor), Petri Johansson (actor), Tapani Kalliomäki (actor), Hannu Kivioja (actor), Ilkka Koivula (actor), Kauko Laitila (actor), Kai Lehtinen (actor), Mikko Leppilampi (actor), Tapio Liinoja (actor), Paavo Liski (actor), Ilkka Ala-Luopa (actor),
Genres: Drama, History, Musical,Actors: Andrea Bosca (actor), Julian Patrick Brophy (actor), Fabrizio Bucci (actor), Paolo Calabresi (actor), Roberto Ciufoli (actor), Lewis Crutch (actor), Charles Dance (actor), Emilio De Marchi (actor), Brock Everitt-Elwick (actor), Ry Finerty (actor), Alessandro Giallocosta (actor), Flavio Insinna (actor), Michele Melega (actor), Arnaldo Ninchi (actor), Sam Beazley (actor),
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Genres: Drama, Short,
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point size, line length, line-spacing (leading), letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space within letters pairs (kerning). The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information.
Typography is the work of typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, graffiti artists, and now—anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers, and symbols for publication, display, or distribution—from clerical workers and newsletter writers to anyone self-publishing materials. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of previously unrelated designers and lay users, and David Jury, head of graphic design at Colchester Institute in England, states that "typography is now something everybody does." As the capability to create typography has become ubiquitous, the application of principles and best practices developed over generations of skilled workers and professionals has diminished. So at a time when scientific techniques can support the proven traditions (e.g. greater legibility with the use of serifs, upper and lower case, contrast, etc.) through understanding the limitations of human vision, typography often encountered may fail to achieve its principal objective, effective communication.
Fox News | 14 May 2019
South China Morning Post | 14 May 2019
South China Morning Post | 14 May 2019