A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.
The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard), while other languages, such as Perl 5 and earlier, have a dominant implementation that is used as a reference.
Larry Wall (born September 27, 1954) is a programmer and author, most widely known for his creation of the Perl programming language in 1987.
Wall grew up in south Los Angeles and then Bremerton, Washington before starting higher education at Seattle Pacific University in 1976, majoring in chemistry and music and later premed with a hiatus of several years working in the university's computing center before graduating with a self-styled bachelor's degree in Natural and Artificial Languages.
While in graduate school at UC Berkeley, Wall and his wife were studying linguistics with the intention afterwards of finding an unwritten language, perhaps in Africa, and creating a writing system for it. They would then use this new writing system to translate various texts into the language, among them the Bible. Due to health reasons these plans were cancelled, and they remained in the U.S., where Larry instead joined the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory after he finished graduate school.
Wall is the author of the rn
Usenet client and the nearly universally-used patch
program. He has won the International Obfuscated C Code Contest twice and was the recipient of the first Free Software Foundation Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 1998.
The Basics ( /ˈbæzɪtʃ/ BAZZ-ich) are a three-piece band from Melbourne, Australia, formed by Wally De Backer and Kris Schroeder in 2002. Their style has been described as anything from 'indie-pop' to 'rock'n'roll' to 'pop-rock', though their records show they span a wide range of genres, including reggae, ska, country, and electro-pop. They are "recognised as one of Australia's hardest-working bands".
With close to 1000 shows in their ten-year career, their live performances are well-known for their sense of humour and energy.
The Basics were formed after Kris met Wally at a party in Melbourne. The event was to see off the young aspiring producer, who was about to depart for Los Angeles, and together with a number of musician friends, the two jammed on some blues-rock standards. Later that night, they bonded over a mutual love of The Beatles, 70s and 80s cartoon theme songs and old Sierra adventure games.
Initially, they played around Melbourne as an acoustic guitar/drums combo, starting at The Opposition in Frankston and the House of Fools in Footscray, where in late 2002 they met Michael Hubbard and later invited him to join them on electric guitar. Though lacking any real experience with the instrument, Kris willingly purchased his first bass guitar, and the trio was born. During this time, the group start performing songs with more complicated three-part harmony.
Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British scientist and the chief designer of the Mathematica software application and the Wolfram Alpha computational knowledge engine.
Stephen Wolfram's parents were Jewish refugees who emigrated from Westphalia, Germany, to England in 1933. Wolfram's father Hugo was a textile manufacturer and novelist (Into a Neutral Country) and his mother Sybil was a professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford. He has a younger brother, Conrad.
Wolfram was educated at Eton, where he amazed and frustrated teachers by his brilliance and refusal to be taught, instead doing other students' math homework for money. Wolfram published an article on particle physics but claimed to be bored and left Eton prematurely in 1976. He entered St John's College, Oxford at age 17 but found lectures "awful". Working independently, Wolfram published a widely cited paper on heavy quark production at age 18 and nine other papers before leaving in 1978 without graduating. He received a Ph.D. in particle physics from the California Institute of Technology at age 20, joined the faculty there and received one of the first MacArthur awards in 1981, at age 21. According to Google Scholar Stephen Wolfram is cited by over 30,000 publications (up to April 2012) and has an h-index of 58.
Ideas about a new programming language for games.
Larry Wall: 5 Programming Languages Everyone Should Know
What Programming Language Should I Learn?
Programming Languages - Lecture 1
6 BEST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES YOU MUST LEARN
Lecture - 1 Introduction to programming languages
What is the Best Programming Language to Learn First?
What is the BEST Programming Language to learn first?
A Programming Language for Games: Demo! (talk #3)
Swift Programming Language Tutorial Part 1
How to Select Your First Software Programming Language.
Why Should I Learn C Programming Language?
The Go Programming Language
A Programming Language for Games, talk #2
Ideas about a new programming language for games.
Larry Wall: 5 Programming Languages Everyone Should Know
What Programming Language Should I Learn?
Programming Languages - Lecture 1
6 BEST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES YOU MUST LEARN
Lecture - 1 Introduction to programming languages
What is the Best Programming Language to Learn First?
What is the BEST Programming Language to learn first?
A Programming Language for Games: Demo! (talk #3)
Swift Programming Language Tutorial Part 1
How to Select Your First Software Programming Language.
Why Should I Learn C Programming Language?
The Go Programming Language
A Programming Language for Games, talk #2
Apple SWIFT programming language demo at WWDC 2014
Lifehacker - Programming! Learn the Basics of Coding, How to Pick a Language a Project, and More!
Make Your Own Programming Language - Introduction
Swift Programming Language Tutorial Part 2 (Functions)
Build a Basic App with Swift Programming Language
Apple Swift Programming Language - Hello World Tutorial
Stephen Wolfram's Introduction to the Wolfram Language
Introduction to programming and programming languages: C Programming Tutorial 01
The Great Debate: Which Programming Language Should You Learn First?