Ramat Hovav
Hebrew transcription(s)
• Hebrew	רָמַת חוֹבָב
Ramat Hovav emblem
Ramat Hovav
Coordinates: 31°08′06″N 34°47′28″E / 31.135°N 34.791°E / 31.135; 34.791Coordinates: 31°08′06″N 34°47′28″E / 31.135°N 34.791°E / 31.135; 34.791
District	South
Government
• Type	Industrial local council

Ramat Hovav (Hebrew: רָמַת חוֹבָב‎‎) is an industrial zone in southern Israel and the site of Israel's main hazardous waste disposal facility. Ramat Hovav Industrial Zone is the locus of 19 chemical factories, including Makhteshim Agan, a pesticide plant; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, a pharmaceuticals plant; Israel Chemicals, a bromine plant. Wadi al-Na'am, an unrecognized Bedouin village, is located in close proximity to Ramat Hovav and Beersheba is 12 kilometers away.

Environmental and health hazards[link]

Many of the factories in Ramat Hovav use hazardous materials and evaporation ponds that pollute the air and leach cancer-causing chemicals into the soil and water. The industrial zone was built at the edge of Wadi el-Na'am, today a village of more than 5,000 Bedouin citizens of Israel.^[1]Initially, the toxic waste facility was privately run.^[2] According to Israeli environmentalist Alon Tal, the waste was not pretreated before transport to the site. Storage facilities were weak, barrels often rusted, toxic residues were unlabeled and reactive materials were stored near containers of cyanide.^[2]The facility was closed down repeatedly in the wake of accidents.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Ten years after its establishment, outcrops of the chalk under Ramat Hovav showed fractures potentially leading to serious soil and groundwater contamination in the future.^[8]

In 1997, when an explosion occurred in barrels storing organo-phospheros pesticides, the residents of nearby villages were not warned and time passed before they were evacuated.^[9] In 2003, Physicians for Human Rights-Israel filed a suit petitioning the government to provide health services in the village. The same year, the Arab-Jewish environmental justice organization BUSTAN worked with local Bedouin leaders to construct a health clinic out of sustainable materials in order to highlight health concerns in the region. A year later, the government built a health clinic on the other side of the village.^[10]

In 1998, it cost about sixty-five dollars to hire a driver to dump a five-ton truck of waste in the West Bank but more than eleven thousand dollars to dispose of waste at Ramat Hovav.^[11] In 1999, al-Quds al-Arabi reported that Israeli companies were engaging in illegal dumping of toxic waste in the West Bank to avoid the cost of treatment and transport to Ramat Hovav.^[12]

A 2004 study commissioned by the Israeli Ministry of Health found a high rate of birth defects among children living in the vicinity.^[13][14] In August 2006, Ben Gurion University epidemiologist Batya Sarov, formerly a specialist at Chernobyl, compared the environmental monitoring and health risks to Chernobyl.^[7]

In 2007, the head of the Ramat Hovav council, Giora Meyuhas, accused the government corporation that manages the site, the Environmental Services Company, of breaking the law and polluting the environment.^[15] Sarov said that the concentration of so many industries in one place means that if there is a large explosion, not simply local Negev residents but all of Israel and many of its Middle Eastern neighbors will suffer severe contamination akin to that of a nuclear explosion.^[7]

Hazardous materials transport[link]

The facility is accessed from Highway 40 and would eventually also be reachable via Highway 6 which is planned to be extended to the area. Much of the hazardous waste transported to the site from the rest of the country reaches it via an Israel Railways rail line (a branch off of the main line to Beersheba) which terminates at a freight rail terminal located inside the industrial zone. Before the branch line was completed in 2004, hazardous materials bound for Ramat Hovav were transloaded onto trucks at the Be'er Sheva North Railway Station, a fact which delayed the approval of new real estate development in the vicinity of Be'er Sheva North due to the risk of hazardous materials spills occurring during the transloading process.

Development plans[link]

In 2006, a plan to relocate the bases in Tzrifin and construct a 'City of Training Bases' for army professionals and their families was sidelined in favor of expanding Ramat Hovav.^[16] Ramat Hovav soon began seeking funding from the government for clean-up.^[17] As of March 2008, construction of the City of Training Bases south of Ramat Hovav began against widespread citizen opposition.^[18]

See also[link]

• Hiriya

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Azmon, E. and Offer, Z.Y. "Pollution of quaternary cover on aquafers of eocene chalk in Ramat Hovav Industrial Area in Israel" Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Netherlands, Volume 44, Numbers 3-4 / April, 1989
• "A Socio-environmental Timeline", Bustan, 2006
• Borger, Julian. "Palestinians pay price for Israel's toxic waste," Manchester Guardian Weekly (August 2, 1998)
• Javed, Sofia. "Israel, Palestinians battle over toxic waste," Reuters (August 31, 1999)
• Manski, Rebecca. "Bedouin Vilified Among Top 10 Environmental Hazards in Israel;" (News From Within, Vol. XXII, No. 11, December 2006)
• Rinat, Zafrir. "Ramat Hovav council head: Hazardous waste dump site violates the law;" Haaretz (20/12/2007)
• Sarov, Batia, and peers at Ben Gurion University: “Major congenital malformations and residential proximity to a regional industrial park including a national toxic waste site: An ecological study;” Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006, 5:8
• Tal, Alon. Pollution in a Promised Land, (University of California Press, 2002)

External links[link]

• Ramat Hovav Industrial Council (Hebrew)
• Government information
• BUSTAN Naqab Desert Socio-Environmental Timeline
• BUSTAN: Resources on Negev Development
• BUSTAN: Resources on Negev Health and Environment
• Clinic construction at Wadi el-Na'am
• Recent explosions
• Call for evacuation by Israeli official
• Area residents file unprecedented suit against Ramat Hovav
• Shifting management/Labor disputes
• About Boot Camp City