A cave or cavern is a natural underground space large enough for a human to enter. The term applies to natural cavities some part of which is in total darkness. The word cave also refers to smaller spaces like rock shelters, sea caves, and grottos.
Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the environment which surrounds the caves. Exploring a cave for recreation or science may be called caving, potholing, or, in Canada and the United States, spelunking (see caving).
The formation and development of caves is known as speleogenesis. Caves are formed by various geologic processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion from water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, atmospheric influences, and even digging.
Most caves are formed in limestone by dissolution.
Solutional caves are the most frequently occurring caves and such caves form in rock that is soluble, such as limestone, but can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt, and gypsum. Rock is dissolved by natural acid in groundwater that seeps through bedding-planes, faults, joints and so on. Over geological epochs cracks expand to become caves or cave systems.
Nicholas Edward "Nick" Cave (born 22 September 1957) is an Australian musician, songwriter, author, screenwriter, composer and occasional film actor.
He is best known for his work as a frontman of the critically acclaimed rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, established in 1983, a group known for its eclectic influences and musical styles. Before that, he had fronted the group The Birthday Party in the early 1980s, a band renowned for its highly gothic, challenging lyrics and violent sound influenced by free jazz, blues, and post-punk. In 2006, he formed the garage rock band Grinderman that released its debut the following year. Cave's music is generally characterised by emotional intensity, a wide variety of influences and lyrical obsessions with religion, death, love and violence.
Upon Cave's induction into the ARIA Hall of Fame, ARIA Awards committee chairman Ed St John said, “Nick Cave has enjoyed—and continues to enjoy—one of the most extraordinary careers in the annals of popular music. He is an Australian artist like Sidney Nolan is an Australian artist—beyond comparison, beyond genre, beyond dispute."
Plot
The film center's around the trials and tribulations of two back-packing friends as they take a unwilling journey down the rivers and into the heart and history of the industrial revolution. With all the violence, ferocity and decadence of a mis-spent youth the boys will learn a life lesson or two before they reach the other side.
Plot
During the Second World War, a team of genius is put together near to London to study means of breaking the German code used in the communication. Tom Jericho broke this code in the past and had a break-down. Now his passion Claire Romilly is missing and the British counter-espionage system believes she is a German spy. Tom becomes closer the Claire's best girl-friend Hester Wallace and together they try to resolve the mystery of the disappearance of Claire in an war environment surrounded by suspicion and stress.
Keywords: 1940s, based-on-book, based-on-novel, battle-of-the-atlantic, big-ben-london, bombing, breasts, british-convoy, buried-body, camera-shot-of-feet
10,000,000,000,000,000+ combinations - 24 hours to get it right
A thousand million, billion+ possibilities - 24 hours to get it right, and when you eventually do, it gets changed again...
Unlock the secret
Crack the Code
Tom Jericho: I like numbers, because with numbers, truth and beauty are the same thing.
Mermagen: D'you know, without your glasses, you don't look half bad.::Hester Wallace: Do you know, without my glasses, nor do you?
Tom Jericho: Puck and Claire were having an af...::Wigram: Were seeing each other, as you like to put it. Seeing each other's brains out.
Tom Jericho: Do you have any idea what you're talking about?::Skynner: Tom's been on sick leave for the last month, so I don't think he's fully...::Tom Jericho: Enigma is a very sophisticated enciphering machine, and Shark is its ultimate refinement. So... we're not talking about the Times crossword here.
Tom Jericho: It weighs twenty-six pounds, battery included, and goes anywhere. The Enigma machine - the Germans have thousands of them.::Hammerbeck: What's it do?::Tom Jericho: It turns plain-text messages into gobbledygook. Then the gobbledygook is transmitted in Morse. At the other end is another Enigma machine, which translates the message back to the original text.::Hammerbeck: And you have one of your own.::Logie: Uh, courtesy of the Polish Cipher Bureau.::Hammerbeck: So what's the problem?::Tom Jericho: The problem? The problem is the machine has a hundred and fifty million, million, million ways of doing it, according to how you set these three rotors, and how you connect these plugs. Press the same key any number of times, it'll always come out different.::Hammerbeck: And that's Shark?::Tom Jericho: No. No, no, no, this is the one we can break. Shark is enciphered on a special Enigma machine with a fourth rotor, designed especially for U-Boats - which gives it about four thousand million, BILLION starting positions. And, uh, we've never seen one.::Hammerbeck: Holy shit...
Hester Wallace: I seem to move in an endless circle, Mr. Jericho, from one patronizing male to another, always telling me what I am and am not allowed to know. Well, that ends here.
Tom Jericho: Every day, our Typex machines have to be set the same way the Germans set their Enigmas. And figuring out the settings is the hard part. That's where the code breakers come in.::Hester Wallace: What would Claire need to decipher the settings?::Tom Jericho: She'd need a crib. Let's say this tombstone was in code. If I knew more or less who's buried here, I'd have a pretty good idea what the code meant. You try to work out the settings and then type the coded message into the Enigma machine. If the message comes out nonsense, the settings are wrong. If it comes out "Mary Jane Hawkins," you've broken Enigma for that day.
Hester Wallace: Well done, Mr. Jericho, well done!::Tom Jericho: Given the circumstances, Miss Wallace, I think we might risk first names.::Hester Wallace: Hester.::Tom Jericho: Tom.
Wigram: Were you surprised when you heard that Admiral Donitz had changed the weather code?::Tom Jericho: Well, the Germans were always nervous about Enigma. That was the reason Shark came on in the first place...::Wigram: But the Germans believe Enigma's supposed to be infallible, because it would take people a thousand years to figure out the settings for one day, and they are changed every day. But we don't use people for that, do we, Mr. Jericho?::Tom Jericho: No.::Wigram: No. And that is the secret inside the secret: your thinking machines. Day and night, clackety-clack, programmed with a menu provided by your amazing brain, narrowing down the infinite possibilities to just a few million. And if anyone tells the Germans about that... there goes the war.
Tom Jericho: It's true though, isn't it? The Katyn Massacre?::Wigram: Oh, do shut up. There's a war to win, and Stalin's helping us win it.
Plot
Francis Ashby, a senior Oxford don on holiday alone in the Alps, meets holidaying American Caroline and her companion Elinor, the blossoming Irish-American girl she adopted many years before. Ashby finds he enjoys their company, particularly that of Elinor, and both the women are drawn to him. Back at Oxford he is nevertheless taken aback when they arrive unannounced. Women are not allowed in the College grounds, let alone the rooms. Indeed any liaison, however innocent, is frowned on by the upstanding Fellows.
Keywords: 1860s, 19th-century, academia, alps, american-abroad, anglo-american-relations, based-on-true-story, holiday, independent-film, may-december-romance
Education in love
Plot
Neil Skinner, once a San Diego racetrack-security consultant, is now an ex-con who was framed by his ex-partner, Ebbet. Ebbet now controls track security as well as Neil's ex-girlfriend, Sheila. Neil now wants to revenge himself by stealing the day's take, and he enlists the help of several track regulars, including a janitor, a security guard, an and an ambulance driver. The money switches hands, cars chase each other over the Mexican border and back, and it's a struggle to see who will out-con whom.
Keywords: convertible, convicted-felon, detective, heist, race-track, robbery, surprise-ending, u.s.-mexico-border, vengeance
He had four years to plan his revenge and one week to pull it off.
Plot
Wealthy Alexander Moore and working-class Jerry Crowe are childhood friends and in 1914 find themselves in the same Army unit - Alex as an officer and Jerry as a private. They still remain close, however, until Jerry is court-martialed for desertion, and Alex is put in charge of the firing squad.
Keywords: based-on-book, friendship-between-men, independent-film, world-war-one