This article is about Transdanubia, the region in Hungary. Transdanubia can also refer to the 21st and 22nd districts of Vienna, which are the only ones lying on the left bank of the Danube. See Floridsdorf and Donaustadt respectively.

Transdanubia (Hungarian: Dunántúl; German: Transdanubien, Croatian: Prekodunavlje^[1] or Zadunavlje) is a traditional region of Hungary.

Administrative divisions[link]

Traditional interpretation[link]

The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube river (north and east), the Drava and Mura rivers (south) and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria (west).

Transdanubia comprises the counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron, Komárom-Esztergom, Fejér, Veszprém, Vas, Zala, Somogy, Tolna, Baranya and the part of Pest that lies west of the Danube. (In the early Middle Ages the latter was known as Pilis county.)

This article deals with Transdanubia in this geographical meaning.

Territorial changes[link]

Regions in Hungary.

While the northern, eastern and southern borders of the region are clearly marked by the Danube and Drava rivers, the western border was always identical with the political boundary of Hungary, therefore it was affected by the territorial changes of the 20th century. Before the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 the present-day regions of Burgenland, Prekmurje and Međimurje were integral parts of Transdanubia. The three villages of Rusovce, Čunovo and Jarovce also belonged to Transdanubia before the Paris Peace Treaty in 1947. Transdanubia is essentially a Hungarian geographical concept so these areas ceased to be parts of it when they were annexed by neighbouring countries.

EU regions[link]

Transdanubia is a NUTS territorial unit in the European Union, consisting of Central Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia and Southern Transdanubia (see NUTS:HU). Pest county and Budapest belong to the region of Central Hungary. It has an area of 37,000 km² and a population of around 3.1 million.

Geography[link]

Hills in Baranya County, Hungary

The territory of the region is 38,000 km², and it comprises almost half of the whole territory of Hungary. The terrain is very varied with gentle hills, valleys, basins, mountains and plains. The main geographical formations are the Transdanubian Mountains, the southern half of the Little Alföld, the Alpokalja, the Transdanubian Hills, and the Mezőföld (part of the Great Alföld). The main rivers are the Danube, Drava, Rába, Zala, and Kapos. In the middle of Transdanubia lies the biggest sweet-water lake of Central Europe, the Lake Balaton. Other importants lakes are the Lake Velence and the Lake Fertő.

History[link]

Historically the counties of Transdanubia were Moson, Győr, Sopron, Vas, Zala, Veszprém, Fejér, Komárom, Esztergom, Somogy, Tolna and Baranya. They comprised the so called Districtus Trans-Danubianus from the beginnings of the 18th century. The boundaries of these counties, established by Stephen I of Hungary remained unchanged for almost 900 years until 1920.

Ancient history[link]

Transdanubia has been populated since the Stone Age. Between 10 BCE and 434 CE, it was part of the Roman Empire. With some present-day Austrian and Croatian territories, it comprised the Province of Pannonia, a romanised, Latin-speaking border region with important Roman towns (Scarbantia, Aquincum, Sopianae, Gorsium, Savaria) and rural villas.

Middle Ages[link]

In the Age of Migrations it was occupied by the Huns, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Gepids, Avars, Franks and the Slavic peoples. In 900 Pannonia was occupied by the Magyars and after 1000 became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Transdanubia has been one of the most important regions of Hungary since the 11th century. Esztergom has been the ecclesiastical capital of the country since 1001 until today, and Stephen I of Hungary established his royal seat at Székesfehérvár, later the coronation town of the kings. Other important medieval cities were Veszprém, Pécs, Győr and Sopron. After the devastating Mongol invasion (see Mongol invasion of Europe) new castles were built, and King Béla IV of Hungary established a new royal capital at Buda, next to the Danube. The region's rich medieval heritage is seen everywhere from the little village churches to the old castles, monasteries and town houses.

Early modern times[link]

In the Ottoman era (16-17th centuries) the eastern and southern part of Transdanubia came under Turkish rule. The ever changing border ran along the Transdanubian Mountains and the southern shore of the Lake Balaton. The dangerous border was guarded by frontier-fortresses (végvár), the most important of which were Győr and Nagykanizsa. The Asian-style Ottoman rule and the constant war had devastating effects: dozens of villages were destroyed, the population was decimated and parts of the region became almost totally deserted. The territories belonging to the Royal Hungary (except the border regions) were more lucky, because the European-like developments were continuous. Here the 17th century was the period of the Catholic Counter-reformation, the fights for national independence from the Habsburgs and the formation of a new, powerful Catholic aristocracy.

In 1686 the allied Habsburg, Polish and Bavarian army reconquered Buda and terminated the Ottoman rule. In the 18th century the region was slowly rebuilt, and lots of new settlers (Magyars, Germans, Slovaks, Croatians) arrived. Famous baroque castles were built to show the power of the big landowner families, for example the Esterházys in Fertőd and the Festetics in Keszthely. The baroque townscape of the cities survived until today in Győr, Székesfehérvár, Pécs etc.

In the 19th century Trandanubia underwent a capitalist development. Thanks to the closeness of Austria it became again the richest part of the country, and – at least after the public opinion – more "European" and Western-like than any other region of Hungary or most regions of post-communist Central Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Modern times[link]

Dorog, a small industrial town

Under the People's Republic of Hungary (1949–1989) new industrial cities were built at Tatabánya, Dunaújváros, Ajka and Komló, and new industries and factories were established, for example Hungary's only atomic power plant at Paks. In Pécs uranium was mined and big industrial suburbs were built. One of the most famous plant of Socialist Hungary, the Ikarus Bus was established in Székesfehérvár. After the fall of Socialism, northern Transdanubia was more successful at adapting to the new economical situation than other parts of Hungary (except Budapest) and most of the foreign investment came here to help the radical economical renewal. In the 1990s Székesfehérvár was counted as probably the economically most successful Hungarian town. Esztergom, Győr and Szentgotthárd became centers of the automobile industry with the establishment of the Suzuki, Audi and Opel factories. On the other hand some rural regions remained impoverished, especially in Southern Transdanubia and along the River Drave.

See also[link]

• Balaton Principality
• Pannonia

References[link]

Jenő Jandó
Born	(1952-02-01) February 1, 1952 (age 60) Pécs
Nationality	Hungary
Education	Liszt Academy
Occupation	Pianist Professor of Music

Jenő Jandó (born February 1, 1952 in Pécs) is a Hungarian pianist and Professor of the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, Hungary.

He studied piano at the Liszt Academy with Katalin Nemes and Pál Kadosa, later going on to win many major international piano competitions, including the Georges Cziffra and Ciani Piano Competitions. However, his professional career began when he took third prize at the Beethoven Piano Competition at the age of 18. He was also the winner of the 1973 Hungarian Piano Concours and took first prize in the chamber music category at the Sydney International Piano Competition in 1977.

Jandó enjoys being both a solo and accompanying artist, as shown by his recordings, ranging from a complete recording of the Beethoven sonatas to Schubert's 'Trout' Quintet and Beethoven's 'Ghost' and 'Archduke' piano trios.

As an accompanist, Jenő Jandó has worked with Takako Nishizaki in recordings of the Franck and Grieg violin sonatas, the complete Schubert sonatas, and the Mozart sonatas. His style of accompaniment also shows itself in Kodály's Sonata for Cello and Piano as well as in a more recent recording of Dohnányi cello sonatas, in partnership with Maria Kliegel.

He is known for singing while playing, and to stop this, he puts an unlit cigarette in his mouth.^[1]

He has recorded over 60 albums including music by Bach, Beethoven, Liszt, Schumann, Schubert, Brahms, Haydn, Bartók, Chopin and many other composers. He currently records exclusively for Naxos Records.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jenő Jandó biography and discography at Naxos.com

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Ellen J. Kullman
Kullman at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, January 30, 2009.
Born	Ellen Jamison January 1956 (1956-01) (age 56) Wilmington, Delaware
Residence	Wilmington, Delaware
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Tufts University Northwestern University
Occupation	Business executive
Employer	DuPont
Home town	Wilmington, Delaware
Salary	$11.3 million (2010, including salary, bonuses and stock options)[1]
Title	President, Chair and Chief Executive Officer of DuPont
Board member of	DuPont (2008-present) General Motors (2004-2008) United Technologies (2009-present)
Spouse	Michael Kullman
Parents	Joseph Jamison Margaret Jamison

Ellen J. Kullman (born January 1956, Wilmington, Delaware)^[2][3] is an American business executive. She is President, Chair and Chief Executive Officer of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company ("DuPont") in Wilmington and a former director of General Motors. Forbes ranked her 4th of the 100 Most Powerful Women in 2011.^[4][5]

Early life[link]

Kullman was born Ellen Jamison, the younger daughter of Joseph and Margaret Jamison.^[2] She has two older brothers and an older sister.^[2] Kullman attended Tower Hill School in Wilmington, and then studied mechanical engineering at Tufts University where she received her bachelor's degree in 1978.^[2] In 1983 she received a master's degree in management from Kellogg School of Management.^[2]

Career[link]

Kullman began her business career at General Electric and joined DuPont in 1988 as marketing manager in the company's medical imaging business.^[2][3] In her previous role as executive vice president she was responsible for four of DuPont's business platforms as well as leading the company's growth in markets outside the USA.^[2]

DuPont's board of directors elected Kullman President and a director of the company with effect from October 1, 2008 and Chief Executive Officer with effect from January 1, 2009.^[6] She is the nineteenth executive, and the first woman, to lead the company in its 206 year history.^[7] Fortune magazine named Kullman fifteenth in its list of the world's fifty most powerful women for 2008,^[8] and fifth on the list for 2009^[9] and 2010.^[10] The Wall Street Journal named her eighth on its 2008 list of "Women to Watch".^[11]

Kullman was a director of General Motors from 2004-2008^[12][13] and was elected to the Board of Trustees of Tufts University in 2006.^[14]

On October 30, 2009, DuPont announced that its board of directors had elected Kullman as Chair of the company effective December 31, 2009.^[15][16]

Personal life[link]

Kullman is married to Michael Kullman and they have three children.^[2][3]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ellen J. Kullman

• Kullman's bio at DuPont.com
• Fortune 500 Women CEOs