Working class (or lower class, labouring class, sometimes proletariat) is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs (as measured by skill, education and lower incomes), often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes. Working classes are mainly found in industrialized economies and in urban areas of non-industrialized economies.
As with many terms describing social class, working class is defined and used in many different ways. When used non-academically, it typically refers to a section of society dependent on physical labor, especially when compensated with an hourly wage. Its use in academic discourse is contentious, especially following the decline of manual labor in postindustrial societies. It is often used synonymously for proletariat, particularly amongst Marxist authors. Some academics question the usefulness of the concept of a working class.
The term is usually contrasted with the upper class and middle class, in general terms of access to economic resources, education, cultural interests, and other goods and services. The cut-off between working class and middle class is more specifically where a population spends money primarily as a lifestyle rather than for sustenance (for example, on fashion versus merely nutrition and shelter). Problematically, relying on this method of distinction would rule out many of the people who are often identified as working class.
James Dixon Swan (born 28 April 1956), better known as Jimmy Barnes, is a Scottish-born Australian rock singer-songwriter. His father Jim Swan was a prizefighter and his older brother John Swan is also a rock singer. It was actually John who had encouraged and taught Jim how to sing as he wasn't really interested at the time. His career as both a solo performer and as the lead vocalist with the rock band Cold Chisel has made him one of the most popular and best-selling Australian music artists of all time. The combination of 14 Australian Top 40 albums for Cold Chisel and 13 charting solo albums, including nine No. 1s, gives Barnes the highest number of hit albums of any Australian artist.
Jimmy Barnes was born in Glasgow, Scotland and arrived in Adelaide, South Australia as a 4-year old on 7 January 1961 with his parents Jim and Dorothy Swan and siblings John, Dororthy, Linda, Lisa & Alan. They eventually settled in Elizabeth. Shortly afterward, Barnes' parents divorced. His mother Dorothy soon remarried, to a clerk named Reg Barnes. After her daughter Lisa was teased by a schoolmate about being adopted, Dorothy encouraged her children to change their surname to Barnes.[citation needed] All of them did except for the oldest brother John, who would go on to be much better known as Swanee, eventually recording a series of albums under that name from the 1980s. This would later cause confusion about Jimmy Barnes and Swan; many thought them to be half- or stepbrothers.
John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founder members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Together with Paul McCartney, he formed one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.
Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, The Quarrymen, evolved into The Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as "Give Peace a Chance" and "Imagine". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.
Bill Whittle | |
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Born | William Alfred Whittle (1959-04-07) April 7, 1959 (age 53) New York City, New York |
Residence | Los Angeles, California |
Ethnicity | British |
Citizenship | American |
Alma mater | University of Florida |
Occupation |
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Website | |
billwhittle.net |
William Alfred "Bill" Whittle (born April 7, 1959[1]) is an American conservative blogger, political commentator, director, screenwriter, editor, pilot, and author. He is best known for his PJ Media internet videos and short films, one of which, "Three and a Half Days", has been viewed more than 2.4 million times on YouTube as of November 2012[update].[2] He is currently the presenter of Afterburner and The Firewall, and co-hosts Trifecta with Stephen Green and Scott Ott. In addition, Whittle has interviewed a number of political personalities as a PJTV.com commentator.
He is a former National Review Online contributor and has been a guest on the Fox News Channel, The Dennis Miller Show, Sun TV, and national radio programs. His first book, Silent America: Essays from a Democracy at War, was published in 2004. Since 2009, Whittle has been a featured speaker at universities and a number of Republican and Tea Party events throughout the United States. He is also the co-founder of Declaration Entertainment, an independent film studio, and a narrator for Encounter Books.
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Whittle was born in New York City to a British stewardess and William Joseph Whittle (1925–2002), a hotel manager.[3] He spent his youth in Bermuda, where he attended Warwick Academy and Saltus Grammar School, and later moved with his family to south Florida in the early 1970s. At age 13, Whittle began working at the Miami Space Transit Planetarium[4] and was made a console operator by its director Jack Horkheimer after a few months.[5] As a teenager, sometimes called "The Wizard" by co-workers, he wrote and directed the planetarium's light shows.[6]
He had long dreamed of becoming a test pilot for the United States Air Force after watching a Thunderbirds air show at Kindley Air Force Base as a child. At age 17, he applied to the U.S. Air Force Academy but failed the preliminary medical exam due to "soft vision".[4] He developed an interest in filmmaking while helping friends make Super 8 short films and formed a short-lived studio, Mindfire Films, Inc., in the late 1970s.[7] He named Mike Jittlov's The Wizard of Speed and Time as one of his early influences.[8] In 1979, Whittle began attending the University of Florida as a theater major. While there, he wrote and directed the short film The Pigeon Hole which became a national finalist in the Student Academy Awards competition. Whittle was forced to drop out of college when he did not maintain the required GPA and consequentially lost his financial aid.[5] In the summer of 1983, Whittle was part of a volunteer company of actors, directors and set designers which put on stage performances to sponsor a fundraiser for the Boca Raton Hotel's Caldwell Playhouse. Whittle was one of the show's directors and his scene, "Going Too Far", was called an "understated and entertaining pitch for funds" by the Miami Herald.[9]
After leaving the University of Florida, Whittle moved out to Los Angeles where he worked in a number of occupations including driving a limo. He eventually found employment as a freelance editor during the late-1980s and 1990s on television series and specials for The Discovery Channel, The History Channel, and NBC. In 1997, Whittle returned to his alma mater for the Florida Gators victory over the Florida State Seminoles to win their first national championship in its 90-year history. At a post-season celebration held at the Ben Hill Griffin Stadium weeks later, he produced the university's video tribute to the team which played before an audience of 65,000 fans.[10]
Whittle briefly ran a video editing company during this period but he was forced to close down in 1998. He then went to Australia, where he stayed with his uncle in Brisbane for three months, before returning to Los Angeles.[11] He continued working in the TV industry as an editor on the Turner Classic Movies special Movie Monsters Revealed (1999), House Calls (2000), Ed McMahon's Next Big Star (2002), Movie Obsessions (2002), AMC's Sunday Morning Shoot-Out (2007–2008), and Shatner's Raw Nerve (2008). Whittle is among the Shootout staff members that executive producer Jacquie Jordan thanked in her first book "Get On TV! The Insider's Guide To Pitching The Producers And Promoting Yourself".[12]
On July 4, 2010, Whittle announced the creation of Declaration Entertainment, an independent film studio, which used "citizen producers" to finance its projects. Co-founded with Jeremy Boreing, the two had guest hosted for Larry O'Connor's BlogTalkRadio podcast The Stage Right Show earlier that year.[13] Its first feature film, The Arroyo, completed filming in August 2012, and is awaiting an official release date. Whittle is also working on a space adventure film called Aurora.[14]
In December 2002, Whittle started his first blog, Eject! Eject! Eject!, writing personal narratives and long format essays which discussed current events and political philosophy. He was inspired to start writing following the death of his father earlier that year.[8][3] He soon developed friendships with fellow bloggers Frank J. Fleming, James Lileks, and P.J. O'Rourke who praised his unique writing style. Whittle has credited O'Rourke, in particular, for "bringing me home to conservatism". In 2004, a collection of his essays were published in Silent America: A Democracy at War. They were also quoted in several newspapers across the country.[15][16][17]
Six years after starting Eject! Eject! Eject!, Whittle began writing as a guest columnist for the National Review Online.[18] Both his original essays and National Review columns have been cited by authors William DeMersseman,[19] Jim Geraghty,[20] Laura Lunsford,[21] Frank Miniter[22], and Jim O'Bryan.[23] Crime fiction author Robert Ferrigno used an excerpt from Whittle's essay "The Undefended City" for the introduction of his 2009 novel Heart of the Assassin.[24]
In December 2008, Whittle moved to PJ Media where he continued blogging and hosted several of its video segments:
His first official Afterburner segment was broadcast on May 7, 2009, as a rebuttal to Jon Stewart's assertion on The Daily Show that the atomic bombing of Japan in World War II was a war crime.[8][25] One of his first videos to gain media attention was "A message to the Rich" which discussed the Obama administration reducing charitable tax deductions for the wealthy.[26] A June 2009 essay entitled "The Michael Jackson Effect" attracted some criticism from the Toronto Star when he suggested that the federal government used the coverage of Michael Jackson's death to push through cap-and-trade legislation.[27] WorldNetDaily recommended his video on American exceptionalism two months later.[28] In October 2010, Joe Newby of the Spokane Examiner called his "What We Believe" series "a must-see for anyone who does not understand what the Tea Party is all about".[29][30] In February 2011, Laura Baxley of the Atlanta Examiner wrote that Whittle's "The Narrative" was "a brilliant discourse on this Marxist underpinning of critical theory".[31]
Whittle's videos were heard by a national audience for the first-time when "Eat the Rich", explaining the consequences of high taxation on the wealthy,[32][33][34] was played on Glenn Beck's radio talk show in April 2011. He was also on The Rusty Humphries Show that month and has filled in as a guest host for Rusty Humphries multiple times since his first appearance.[8][35] His politically themed videos, initially released through PJ Media and Real Clear Politics, attracted a strong following on video sharing websites such as YouTube. His most watched video, Afterburner's "Three and a Half Days", went viral on YouTube shortly after its release on October 12, 2011, and has since been viewed by over 2.4 million viewers.[2][36][37]
Later that year, Whittle was hired by Encounter Books to narrate a series of animated "whiteboard" videos featured on TheBlaze. In November 2011, the Spokane Examiner reviewed one of these videos, based on the 2010 book "The World Turned Upside Down: The Global Battle over God, Truth, and Power" by Melanie Phillips, which examined the reasoning behind Communist, Islamist and Neo-Nazi support of the Occupy Wall Street protests. The newspaper complimented the video stating that it "ties the groups together rather nicely".[38]
In his role as a commentator for PJTV, Whittle has interviewed a number of personalities including Ed Klein, Ayn Rand Institute fellow Don Watkins, Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes, Andrew Card, David Frum, Lord Monckton, Investor's Business Daily editor Terry Jones, Tim Cavanaugh, and Arizona Governor Jan Brewer.[39] Other PJTV segments featuring Whittle have included:
Whittle also became friends with Andrew Breitbart.[40] After Breitbart's death in March 2012, he participated in a round table discussion with Roger L. Simon, Lionel Chetwynd, and Stephen Kruiser[41] in addition to dedicating an entire episode of "The Afterburner" to his memory.[42]
In May 2012, Whittle started his own weekly podcast, "The Stratosphere Lounge", in which Whittle takes questions from his Facebook friends.[8] It currently airs live on Tuesday evenings via Ustream and is later uploaded on his official YouTube channel. He has expressed interest in developing the podcast as a talk show for broadcast television.[35]
Whittle is an instrument-rated pilot of glider and light aircraft. Having studied to be a U.S. Air Force pilot as a teenager, it is a subject he has discussed extensively in both his essays and videos.[4][43] His EjectEjectEject.com essay "Courage" had been quoted by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.[44] Author and screenwriter Michael Walsh, in his 2009 novel Hostile Intent, credited Whittle for teaching him the OODA loop.[45]
On July 9, 2005, Whittle was involved in an incident while attempting to land at Visalia Municipal Airport when the front landing gear failed. The airport's runway was closed for an hour, however, neither Whittle nor the other passenger were injured.[46][47] Whittle has described similar incidents in his flying career.[43]
Whittle is a supporter of Veterans Airlift Command, a national organization of volunteer aircraft owners and pilots, which provides free air transportation to wounded American servicemen, veterans and their families for medical and other compassionate grounds.[48]
An early supporter of the Tea Party movement, Whittle has been invited as a speaker at major political rallies and other public events. On September 12, 2009, Whittle was among the featured speakers at the 912 West Rally which saw the Los Angeles and Orange County Tea Party combine to create the largest Tea Party group in the West Coast of the United States.[49] A few months later, he was part of the 2010 Tax Day Freedom Rally at the Indiana State House.[50]
He was also a guest speaker for Republican groups at Flag[51] and Lincoln Day celebrations. Whittle's appearance at the Orange County Republicans' annual Flag Day dinner in June 2011 inadvertently found him opposing co-speaker New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez who advocated that California Republicans should be focusing its efforts on winning over Hispanic-American voters.[52] Weeks later, he spoke at "Troopathon", a charity event which sends care packages to soldiers serving overseas, held at the Nixon Library in Yorba Linda, California.[53] That same year, he was part of Eagle Forum in San Diego, California, Tax Day weekend in St. Paul, Minnesota with Sue Jeffers and Ernest Istook[54] and, with Tammy Bruce and Krista Branch, the 2nd-annual Patriot Banquet in Scottsdale, Arizona.[55]
In 2012, Whittle was a featured speaker at RightOnline 2012, Oberlin College, and the Wake Up America rally. He subsequently discussed his experience at Oberlin, which has a history of student protests against conservative speakers, comparing it to his own years as a college student in Florida.[56] On September 10, he spoke at St. Michael's College in Toronto, Ontario; he was interviewed on Byline with Brian Lilley during his visit to Canada.[57] On October 22, 2012, the Southwest Metro Tea Party held a "Bill Whittle Movie Night" showing his "What We Believe" and "Dishonorable Disclosures" videos in Chaska, Minnesota.[58]
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
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1999 | Movie Monsters Revealed | Editor | Also camera operator |
2000 | House Calls | Editor | |
2002 | Ed McMahon's Next Big Star | Editor | |
2002 | Movie Obsessions | Editor | |
2007-2008 | Sunday Morning Shoot-Out | Editor | |
2008 | Shatner's Raw Nerve | Editor |
Year | Film | Role | Notes |
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2011-2012 | Red Eye | Himself | Episode: "March 15, 2012" Episode: "June 4, 2011" |
2012 | PolitiChicks | Himself |
Persondata | |
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Name | Whittle, Bill |
Alternative names | Whittle, William A. |
Short description | Author, director, screenwriter, editor |
Date of birth | 1959 |
Place of birth | New York City, New York, United States |
Date of death | |
Place of death |
Marianne Evelyn Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer, songwriter and actress whose career has spanned five decades.
Her early work in pop and rock music in the 1960s was overshadowed by her struggle with drug abuse in the 1970s. During the first two-thirds of that decade, she produced only two little-noticed studio albums. After a long commercial absence, she returned late in 1979 with the highly acclaimed album, Broken English. Faithfull's subsequent solo work, often critically acclaimed, has at times been overshadowed by her personal history.
From 1966 to 1970, she had a highly publicised romantic relationship with Rolling Stones' lead singer, Mick Jagger. She co-wrote "Sister Morphine", which is featured on the Stones' Sticky Fingers album.
Faithfull was born in Hampstead, London. Her father, Major Robert Glynn Faithfull, was a British military officer and professor of psychology. Her mother, Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso, was originally from Vienna, with aristocratic roots in the Habsburg Dynasty and Jewish ancestry on her maternal side. Erisso was a ballerina for the Max Reinhardt Company during her early years, and danced in productions of works by the German theatrical duo Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. Faithfull's maternal great great uncle was Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, the nineteenth-century Austrian nobleman whose erotic novel, Venus in Furs, spawned the word "masochism". In regard to her roots in nobility, Faithfull commented in March 2007 prior to beginning the European leg of her tour, "I'm even going to Budapest, which is nice because I'm half English and half Austro Hungarian. I've inherited the title Baroness Sacher-Masoch—it comes from one of my great uncles who gave his name to masochism."
What we need is a strong Working Class
Unity and a lot of pride
For our country and our Class
Not for the Upper Class and the government
[Chorus 2x:]
What we need is a strong...Working Class!
Unity and a lot of pride
[Chorus 2x]
We play our music for the Working Class
Oi! Oi!-music with a lot of pride
For our country and our Class
Not for the Upper Class and the government