Ajam is a word used in Persian and Arabic literature, but with different meanings.

Ajam has two primary meanings in Arabic: "non-Arab" and "Persian".

Homophonous words, which may or may not be derived from the same root, include:

She is also the Goddess of river Yamuna, connected to the mythology surrounding the Hindu god Krishna. Jam or Jamshid in Persian mythologyis the first king of kings of the world or the lord of the univers. according to the book "document on the persian gulf's name"page23-50 ,all the words related to Semitic root" `-j-m"(like: moajam-ajma-) also had a roote in "Jam"Yami,and in the cours of history different meaning have been given to the word. A.Jam is from addition of the definite article Al-and deletion of "l"in pronunciation. according to that book although jīm is a lunar and Lrarly will be omitted in pronounce but explanation can account for the anomalous assimilation of the "l" by the jīm or the ayin at the beginning of the word in place of the alif that would be expected from the article al-.because there are many exception for the lunar and Solar in Arabic.

Adi Shankara (Sanskrit: आदिशङ्करः Ādi Śaṅkara, pronounced [aːd̪i ɕəŋkəɾə]) (788 CE - 820 CE), also known as Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya and Ādi Śaṅkarācārya was an Indian sage from Kalady in present day Kerala who consolidated the doctrine of advaita vedānta. His teachings are based on the unity of the ātman and brahman— non-dual brahman, in which brahman is viewed as nirguna brahman, brahman without attributes.

Shankara travelled across the Indian subcontinent to propagate his philosophy through discourses and debates with other thinkers. He is reputed to have founded four mathas ("monasteries"), which helped in the historical development, revival and spread of Advaita Vedanta of which he is known as the greatest revivalist. Adi Shankara is believed to be the organizer of the Dashanami monastic order and the founder of the Shanmata tradition of worship.

His works in Sanskrit concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of advaita (nondualism). He also established the importance of monastic life as sanctioned in the Upanishads and Brahma Sutra, in a time when the Mimamsa school established strict ritualism and ridiculed monasticism. Shankara represented his works as elaborating on ideas found in the Upanishads, and he wrote copious commentaries on the Vedic canon (Brahma Sutra, principal upanishads and Bhagavad Gita) in support of his thesis. The main opponent in his work is the Mimamsa school of thought, though he also offers arguments against the views of some other schools like Samkhya and certain schools of Buddhism.