The Hukbalahap (Filipino: Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon), was the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines (Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas; PKP for short), formed in 1942 to fight the Japanese Empire's occupation of the Philippines during World War II. It fought a second war from 1946 to 1954 against the pro-Western leaders of their newly independent country. The term is a contraction of the Filipino term "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon", which means "People's Army Against the Japanese." The group was commonly known as "Huks".

The Huks instigated the Hukbalahap Rebellion, a communist insurgency that lasted from 1946 to 1954, against the Philippine government. The insurgency was finally put down through a series of reforms and military victories by Filipino President Ramon Magsaysay.

As originally constituted in 1942, the Hukbalahap was to be part of a broad united front resistance to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. This original intent is reflected in its name: "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon", which means "People's Army Against the Japanese."