Charged Particles In Matter || Particle Physics
The branch of physics which involves the study of basic fundamental particles of matter and their nature is known as particle physics. It is mainly detected the basic laws of matter and their physical properties like mass, volume etc. If we define particle then it’s a tiny objects which have their own physical and chemical properties. This is the smallest unit of matter and the particles are made up with particulate; for example sand particles whose size is less than
1 mm and it’s negligible.
The particles which contain charge are called charged particles. They contain two opposite charges that are positive and negative charges. These can be in the form of ions or molecules; for example, plasma is the combination of charged particles in a small part of the gas.
We are discussing about charged particles and their properties in this section.
The charged particles are the particles which are either neutral or which carries positive or negative charge on them. The Electrically
Charged Particles are those particles which carries electric charges like electrons or protons. The electron carries negative charge while proton carries positive charge. Similarly, the ions could be positively or negatively charged, based on either they lose or gain the electrons in the outermost shell of their atom.
Apart from these particles, there are several other particles which are not the sub atomic level like the ions or the charged (or ionized) gas. The ions of elements are either positive or negative in nature. The charge on them is due to either the removal or addition of the electrons form the outermost shells of their atoms.
The collection of charged particles is known as
Plasma. The plasma is the fourth state of the matter and is similar to the gaseous state. The only
difference is that in this state some of the particles are in the high ionization state.
The Negatively Charged Particles are those particles which carries an excess of electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms. The electrons are added to complete the octet in the outermost shell of the atoms and in process make particle negatively charged. As can be intercepted from the previous statement that as one particle gains electrons so there must exist another particle which loses electrons and this particle is deprived of electrons and hence is positively charged.