City of Manassas, Virginia
—  City  —
View of downtown Manassas looking east on Center Street. View of downtown Manassas looking east on Center Street.
Flag of City of Manassas, Virginia Flag Official seal of City of Manassas, Virginia Seal
Nickname(s): M City[citation needed]
Location in Virginia
Coordinates: 38°45′5″N 77°28′35″W / 38.75139°N 77.47639°W / 38.75139; -77.47639
Country	United States
State	Virginia
Government
• Type	Council-Manager
• Mayor	Harry J. (Hal) Parrish II
• City Manager	Lawrence Hughes
• Vice Mayor	Andrew L. (Andy) Harrover
• City Council	J. Steven Randolph
• City Council	Mark Wolfe
Area
• Total	10.0 sq mi (25.8 km2)
• Land	9.9 sq mi (25.7 km2)
• Water	.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation	305 ft (93 m)
Population (2010)
• Total	37,821
• Density	3,538.2/sq mi (1,366.1/km2)
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes	20108 (PO Box Only), 20109, 20110, 20111, 20112, 20113 (PO Box Only)[1]
Area code(s)	703 571
FIPS code	51-48952[2]
GNIS feature ID	1498512[3]
Website	www.manassascity.org

Manassas Town Hall

U.S. Post Office in downtown Manassas

Trinity Episcopal Church in Manassas (founded 1745)

Manassas Museum

Another look at downtown Manassas

Banner in Manassas noting 150th anniversary of the First Battle of Bull Run

The Amtrak station in Manassas is decorated for the 150th Civil War anniversary.

The City of Manassas is an independent city surrounded by Prince William County and the independent city of Manassas Park in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its population was 37,821 as of 2010.^[4] Manassas also surrounds the 38-acre (150,000 m²) county seat for Prince William County but that county property is not part of the city. Manassas either contains or is close to several important historic sites from the period 1850 - 70. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Manassas (along with Manassas Park) with Prince William County for statistical purposes. The City of Manassas is part of the Washington Metropolitan Area and it is situated in the Northern Virginia region.

History[link]

In July 1861, the First Battle of Manassas – also known as the First Battle of Bull Run – the first major land battle of the American Civil War, was fought near here. Manassas commemorated the 150th anniversary of First Battle of Manassas July 21–24, 2011.^[5]

Second Battle of Manassas (or the Second Battle of Bull Run) was fought near here on August 28–30, 1862. At that time, Manassas Junction was little more than a railroad crossing, but a strategic one, with rails leading to Richmond, Virginia, Washington, D.C., and the Shenandoah Valley. Despite these two Confederate victories, Manassas Junction was in Union hands for most of the war.

The crossroads grew into the town of Manassas following the war, incorporated in 1873. In 1892, it became the county seat of Prince William County, replacing Brentsville, Virginia. In 1975, Manassas became an independent city.

In modern times, Manassas's development has been strongly influenced by its position as a suburb of Washington, D.C. It has developed major problems with traffic and urban sprawl.

The trials of John and Lorena Bobbitt (John Wayne Bobbitt's for rape, Lorena Bobbitt's for malicious wounding) occurred at the Prince William County courthouse, which is in the city of Manassas. They lived in Prince William County at the time.^[6]

On October 9, 2002, the eleventh of the Beltway sniper attacks occurred outside Manassas city limits when 53-year old Dean Harold Meyers was shot pumping gas at a Sunoco station on Sudley Road near Interstate 66 in Prince William County.

In October 2005, Manassas became the site of the first wide-scale Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) implementation in the United States.^[7] The Manassas City Council voted unanimously to end this service in 2010.^[8]

Notable Residents[link]

• Jim Bucher (1911-2004), in- and outfielder in Major League Baseball
• Wilmer Fields, pitcher and third baseman in Negro league baseball
• Brandon Hogan, football player
• Chaney Kley (1972–2007), American film and television actor
• C. J. Sapong, American soccer player currently playing for Sporting Kansas City
• Jon Knott, Major League Baseball outfielder
• Jeremy Linn, 1996 Summer Olympics swimmer and current swimming coach
• Mike O'Meara, radio personality^[9][10][11]
• Harry J. Parrish (1922–2006), a longtime member of the Virginia House of Delegates
• Leven Powell, also Levin, (1737–1810), a US Representative from Virginia
• Ravi Shankar, American poet
• Joanna Mary Berry Shields, founder of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.; teacher
• Leeann Tweeden, model
• Ryan Williams, running back for the Arizona Cardinals
• Pete Evick, Musician (Guitarist for Bret Michaels Band)
• George Zimmerman, alleged killer of Trayvon Martin

Geography[link]

Manassas is located at 38°45′5″N 77°28′35″W / 38.75139°N 77.47639°W / 38.75139; -77.47639 (38.751415, -77.476396)^[12]. The city is mainly served by I-66, US-29, Virginia State Route 234 Business, and Virginia State Route 28.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km²), of which, 9.9 square miles (26 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km²) of it (0.20%) is water.

Manassas uses a council-manager system of government. The current city manager is Lawrence Hughes.

Adjacent county / Independent city[link]

• Prince William County, Virginia - northwest, west, south, east
• Manassas Park, Virginia - northeast

Demographics[link]

As of the 2010 census, there were 37,821 people. The racial breakdown was:

• 65.3% White
• 15.7% Black
• 5.9% Asian
• 1.6% Native American or Pacific Islander
• 16.2% Other race
• 31.4% Hispanic (10.2% Salvadoran, 9.9% Mexican, 1.9% Guatemalan, 1.7% Honduran, 1.1% Puerto Rican)

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 35,135 people, 11,757 households, and 8,441 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,537.0 people per square mile (1,366.1/km²). There were 12,114 housing units at an average density of 1,219.5 per square mile (471.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.05% White, 12.91% African American, 0.36% Native American, 3.43% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 7.89% from other races, and 3.26% from two or more races. Hispanic of any race were 15.13% of the population.

In 2005 non-Hispanic whites were 56.8% of Manassas's population. 13.3% of the population was African-American. 0.5% were Native Americans. 3.8% were Asian. 25.6% were Latinos.

There were 11,757 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.39.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.6% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $60,409, and the median income for a family was $70,141. Males had a median income of $43,646 versus $30,678 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,453. About 3.7% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

In 2007, local Hispanic leaders estimated that the Manassas Hispanic community has grown to about 20,000 to 30,000 members. Other civic groups such as Help Save Manassas^[13] ] were expressing concern about the number of illegal immigrants. An accurate count of illegal immigrants for Manassas is not available.^[14]

Manassas is part of Virginia's 10th congressional district, represented by Republican Frank Wolf, elected in 1980.

The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Jim Webb, elected in 2006. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Mark Warner, elected in 2008. The Governor of Virginia is Republican Bob McDonnell, elected in 2009.

Crime[link]

For the 21st century, the city of Manassas has had an overall increase in crime since the year 1999. The Total Crime Index for Manassas was 307.3 crimes committed per 100,000 residents in 2006. There were 223.5 crimes committed per 100,000 civilians for the year 1999, The National Average for the United States is 320.9 crimes committed per 100,000 residents.^[15] The violent crime levels in Manassas are higher than the Virginia state average, which tends to be a pattern typical within urban areas in the Southern United States.^[16][17]

According to CNN MONEY Magazine, there are 5 Personal crime incidents per 1,000 residents, the best places average is 1.3 personal crimes per 1,000 residents. The rate for Property crime incidents for Manassas is 31 per 1,000 residents, the best places average is 20.6.^[18]

Economy[link]

Colgan Air, a regional airline, maintains two hangars at Manassas Regional Airport in Manassas.^[19] At one time Colgan Air was headquartered in Manassas.^[20] In 2009 the company announced that it was moving its headquarters to Memphis to be in proximity to the offices of Pinnacle Airlines Corp., Colgan Air's parent company. 100 jobs in Manassas were lost.^[19] However, Colgan's presence means that 250 people are employed there.

In 2001 My Plumber Heating and Cooling moved their corporate headquarters to Manassas, adding 120 jobs.^[21]

The City's third largest employer is Micron Technology. The Boise, ID headquartered semiconductor manufacturer operates its wafer fab in Manassas while employing 1186 people directly, and several hundred others through vendor contracts and the like.^[22] The other major employers are Lockheed Marin (1500 employees) and the Prince William Health System (1400 employees).

Transportation[link]

Major highways[link]

The major roads into and out of Manassas are VA-28 and VA-234 Business. I-66 and US-29 service Manassas, but neither pass through the city itself.

Airports[link]

Manassas Regional Airport is mostly located within the city limits.

Rail transportation[link]

Manassas began life as Manassas Junction, so-named for the railroad junction between the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and the Manassas Gap Railroad. The O&A owned the trackage from Alexandria through Manassas to points south, ending in Orange, Virginia, while the MGRR was a new line being constructed from Manassas Junction through the Manassas Gap westward. In addition Manassas was the site of the first large scale military use of rails

The current trackage, which roughly follows these original routes, is now owned by the modern day Norfolk Southern system.

Amtrak and the Virginia Railway Express (VRE) supply both regular and commuter service to the city and surrounding area on the tracks owned by the NS. Three Amtrak routes, the Cardinal, the Northeast Regional and Crescent, provide service. The Cardinal terminates in Chicago, the Northeast Regional in Boston, while the Crescent ends at New Orleans. VRE is a very popular commuting option to Alexandria and Washington, D.C..

Schools[link]

The city of Manassas is served by the Manassas Public Schools. There are five elementary schools in Manassas, one middle school, and one high school. On September 5, 2006, Mayfield Intermediate School opened, serving students in fifth and sixth grade.

Some schools in the Prince William County Public Schools district have Manassas addresses; they serve areas outside of the Manassas city limits and are located outside of the Manassas city limits.

Also in the vicinity of Manassas are branch campuses of American Public University System, George Mason University, Northern Virginia Community College, ECPI College of Technology and Strayer University. Despite that some of these may in fact be just outside the city limits in Prince William County, NVCC and Strayer call these branches their "Manassas Campuses."

List of public schools in Manassas:^[23]

• Baldwin Elementary School
• Dean Elementary School
• Haydon Elementary School
• George C. Round Elementary School
• Weems Elementary School
• Joseph B. Johnson Learning Center
• Mayfield Intermediate School
• Grace E. Metz Middle School
• Osbourn High School

See also[link]

• List of Famous People from the Washington Metropolitan Area
• Manassas (Amtrak station)
• Manassas Police Department
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Manassas, Virginia

References[link]

1. ^ Manassas, VA ZIPs Retrieved November 22, 2009/April 6, 2012
2. ^ ^{a b} "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
3. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
4. ^ "Weldon Cooper Center 2010 Census Count Retrieved September 9, 2011". Coopercenter.org. http://www.coopercenter.org/demographics. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
5. ^ "Manassas Civil War Commemorative Event, July 21–24, 2011". Historic Manassa, Inc.. http://www.manassascivilwar.org/home.aspx. 
6. ^ Monday, Jan. 24, 1994 (1994-01-24). "Time Magazine, Raw Data: Jan. 24, 1994". Time.com. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980009,00.html?iid=chix-sphere. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
7. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
8. ^ Buske, Jennifer (April 8, 2010). "Manassas to end broadband-over-power line Internet service". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/06/AR2010040603796.html. 
9. ^ "Radio's Mike O'Meara". wcsh6.com. 2011-08-18. http://www.wcsh6.com/news/article/168932/50/Radios-Mike-OMeara. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
10. ^ http://www.nationalconfidential.com/20111203/audio-radio-host-mike-omeara-blasts-adam-carollas-anti-occupy-rant/
11. ^ "Virginia church turns to Hindu temple [newKerala.com News # 140512-191333]". Newkerala.com. http://www.newkerala.com/news/2011/worldnews-72848.html. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
12. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
13. ^ helpsavemanassas.org
14. ^ For Many Immigrants, No Answers", Washington Post, March 20, 2007; by Pamela Constable; retrieved 1 October 2007
15. ^ "Manassas, Virginia (VA) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, sex offenders". City-data.com. http://www.city-data.com/city/Manassas-Virginia.html. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
16. ^ Manassas Profile | Manassas VA | Population, Crime, Map
17. ^ [2]^{[dead link]}
18. ^ "MONEY Magazine: Best places to live 2007: Manassas, VA snapshot". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2007/snapshots/PL5148952.html. 
19. ^ ^{a b} In Brief: Colgan Air to Move Headquarters Out of Manassas, Costing 100 Jobs. Washington Post. Sunday October 4, 2009. Retrieved on February 28, 2010.
20. ^ Employment Colgan Air. July 3, 2001. Retrieved on February 28, 2010.
21. ^ "MyPlumber Home Page". Myplumber.com. http://www.myplumber.com. Retrieved 2012-05-14. 
22. ^ Manassas Major Employers Retrieved March 20, 2012
23. ^ "Manassas City Public Schools - MCPS Home". Manassas City Public Schools. 2010. http://www.manassas.k12.va.us/education/district/district.php?sectionid=1. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 

External links[link]

• City of Manassas Official website

Coordinates: 38°45′05″N 77°28′35″W / 38.751415°N 77.476396°W / 38.751415; -77.476396

• Battle of 1st Bull Run/Manassas 150th anniversary site

	Gainesville	Manassas Park	Clifton
	Bristow		Buckhall
		Manassas    East
	Nokesville	Independent Hill	Lake Ridge

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Stephen Stills
Stephen Stills, Los Angeles, CA on October 4, 2011
Background information
Birth name	Stephen Arthur Stills
Born	(1945-01-03) January 3, 1945 (age 67) Dallas, Texas United States
Genres	Rock, folk rock, blues rock, latin
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, producer, political activist
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, bass, piano, organ, percussion, drums, viola
Years active	1962–present
Labels	Columbia, Atlantic, Reprise, Vision, Raven, Titan/Pyramid
Associated acts	Buffalo Springfield, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, The Stills-Young Band, Au Go Go Singers, The Continentals, Manassas
Website	Official website
Notable instruments
1958 Gretsch Stephen Stills White Falcon Martin Stephen Stills Signature Acoustic

Stephen Arthur Stills (born January 3, 1945) is an American guitarist and singer/songwriter best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young). He has performed on a professional level in several other bands as well as maintaining a solo career at the same time. Stills was ranked #28 in Rolling Stone Magazine's 2003 list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".^[1] Stills became the first person to be inducted twice on the same night into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with CSN and the Buffalo Springfield.

Early years[link]

Stills was raised in a military family. Moving around as a child, he developed an interest in blues and folk music. He was also influenced by Latin music after spending his youth in Gainesville and Tampa, Florida, Louisiana, Costa Rica, Panama Canal Zone and El Salvador, where he graduated from high school, and was an avid sailor. He also attended Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida and Saint Leo College Preparatory School in Saint Leo, Florida.^[2]

Stills dropped out of the Louisiana State University^{[3][dead link]} to pursue a music career in the early 1960s. He played in a series of bands including The Continentals, which featured future Eagles guitarist Don Felder. Stills could also be heard singing solo at Gerde's Folk City, a well-known coffee house in Greenwich Village. Stills eventually ended up in a nine-member vocal harmony group, the house act at the famous Cafe Au Go Go in NYC, called the Au Go Go Singers, which included future Buffalo Springfield bandmate Richie Furay. This group did some touring in the Catskills and in the South, released one album in 1964, then broke up in 1965. Afterwards, Stills, along with four other former members of the Au Go Go Singers formed The Company, a folk-rock group. The Company embarked on a six-week tour of Canada where Stills met a young guitarist named Neil Young. On the VH1 CSNY Legends special, Stills would say that Young was doing what he always wanted to do, "play folk music in a rock band." The Company broke up in New York within four months; Stills did session work and went to various auditions. In 1966 he convinced a reluctant Richie Furay, then living in Massachusetts, to move with him to California.

Stills made an unsuccessful attempt to become one of The Monkees. He was turned down, not due to any lack of ability, but because of a conflict with his existing record contract. So instead, he recommended his friend, multi-instrumentalist Peter Tork.

Buffalo Springfield & CSNY[link]

Stills, Furay, and Young reunited in Los Angeles and formed the core of Buffalo Springfield. Legend has it that Stills and Furay recognized Young's converted hearse on the streets of LA and flagged him down, a meeting described in the recent solo track "Round the Bend." The band would release three albums: Buffalo Springfield, Buffalo Springfield Again, and Last Time Around, and enjoy only one hit single "For What It's Worth") before disbanding. A Stills song off the Springfield debut, "Sit Down, I Think I Love You," was a minor hit for The Mojo Men in 1967.

Stills was a close friend of Jimi Hendrix, who appears on Stills' eponymous first solo album. Reputedly, when Hendrix was forming his trio The Jimi Hendrix Experience, his manager contacted Stills' manager to invite Stills to become the group's bass player. Concerned that Stills' friendship with Hendrix and admiration for Hendrix' genius might prompt Stills to take the job rather than continue with the Buffalo Springfield, Stills' manager elected not to pass the message on to him. Noel Redding was then offered and took the job as bassist instead. They continued to socialize and jam together informally until Hendrix's death in 1970.^{[citation needed]}

During the disintegration of Buffalo Springfield, Stills played on the Super Session album with Al Kooper, and joined up with David Crosby, who had recently been ejected by The Byrds in the autumn of 1967. At a party in the Laurel Canyon neighborhood, according to various sources either at the home of Cass Elliott or Joni Mitchell, Graham Nash joined in a rendition by Crosby and Stills of the latter's "You Don't Have to Cry," this leading to the formation of Crosby, Stills & Nash. Several of Stills' songs, including "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" and "You Don't Have To Cry" on the debut album were inspired by his on-again-off-again relationship with singer Judy Collins. In a 1971 interview in Rolling Stone the interviewer noted "so many of your songs seem to be about Judy Collins." Stills replied, "Well, there are three things men can do with women: love them, suffer for them, or turn them into literature. I've had my share of success and failure at all three."^{[citation needed]}

The cover photo pictured on the debut was taken on the back porch of a house in West Hollywood, which was torn down the next day. Wanting to be able to tour and needing additional musicians, the band invited Neil Young to join them for for their subsequent tour and second album to make the group the quartet Crosby Stills Nash & Young. CSN with and without Young still record and tour to this day.

Having played at the Monterey Pop Festival with Buffalo Springfield, and both Woodstock and Altamont with CSNY, Stills performed at all three of the iconic U.S. rock festivals of the 1960s.

Solo years[link]

Stills performing in a concert with Arcosanti, 1978

In the wake of CSNY's success, all four members recorded high-profile solo albums. In 1970, Stills released his self-titled solo debut which featured guests Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Cass Elliot, Booker T Jones and Ringo Starr (credited only as "Richie") as well as David Crosby, Graham Nash, Rita Coolidge and CSNY drummers Dallas Taylor and Johnny Barbata. It provided Stills with the hit single "Love The One You're With." Stills followed this with Stephen Stills 2, which featured "Change Partners." Even though the song was written before CSN formed, Nash saw it as a metaphor for the many relationships in CSNY.^{[citation needed]}

In 1972, Stills teamed up with ex-Byrd Chris Hillman to form the band Manassas. Their self-titled double album was a mixture of rock, country, blues, bluegrass and Latin music divided into different sections. All of Stills' albums after the Springfield had gone either gold or platinum; the Manassas follow-up album the next year Down the Road was his first LP that did not. After the CSNY reunion tour in 1974, he signed to Columbia Records for three albums: Stills in 1975; Illegal Stills in 1976; and Thoroughfare Gap in 1978.

In 1976, Stills attempted a reunion with Neil Young. At one point, Long May You Run was slated to be a CSNY record, but when Crosby and Nash left to fulfill recording and touring obligations, according to both David and Graham^[4] the other pair wiped their vocals from the recordings, as Stills and Young decided to go on without their erstwhile partners as The Stills-Young Band. However, Young would leave midway through the resulting tour due to an apparent throat infection.^[4] Stills was contractually bound to finish the tour, which he did, but upon returning home, his wife announced she wanted a divorce and wished to move back to France. Stills reunited with Crosby and Nash shortly afterwards, thanks to the efforts of Nash's future wife Susan, who got Nash to forgive Stills for wiping the Crosby and Nash vocals from Long May You Run.^{[citation needed]} This led to the permanent reunion of Crosby, Stills, Nash in 1977, which has persisted to the present.^{[original research?]} Since, Neil Young has joined the trio for two albums in 1988 and 1999, and tours in 2000, 2002, and 2006.

In 1979 he traveled to Havana, Cuba, to participate in the Havana Jam festival that took place between March 2–4, alongside Weather Report, the Trio of Doom, Fania All-Stars, Billy Swan, Bonnie Bramlett, Mike Finnegan, Kris Kristofferson, Rita Coolidge and Billy Joel, plus an array of Cuban artists such as Irakere, with whom he toured the US after the Havana concerts. His performance is captured on Ernesto Juan Castellanos's documentary Havana Jam '79.

In 1984, Right by You would be the final Stills album to make the Billboard 200 album chart, with Stills Alone issued in 1991. In 1997, Stills became the first person to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice in the same night for his work with CSN and the Buffalo Springfield. Fender Guitars crafted a custom guitar and presented it to Stills to commemorate the occasion, a Telecaster-style guitar bearing an inscription on the neck plate.

Stills performing in 2006

2005 saw Stills release Man Alive!, his first solo offering in 14 years. Man Alive! was released on the small English independent folk rock label Talking Elephant, and was not widely reviewed. The record did not chart on either side of the Atlantic, and was received lukewarmly by the few critics who did review it.^[5][6]

Throughout 2006 and 2007, Stills toured regularly as a solo artist with "The Quartet", which consisted of drummer Joe Vitale, either Mike Finnegan or Todd Caldwell on keyboards, and either Kevin McCormick or Kenny Pasarelli on bass. On May 28, 2007, Stills sang the National Anthem for Game 1 of the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals between Anaheim and Ottawa in Anaheim, California.

On December 17, 2007, Graham Nash revealed on Larry King Live that Stills had been diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer and that his operation would take place on January 3, 2008, which is Stills' birthday.^[7] Stills said later in January 2008 that he had come through the operation with "flying colors."^[8]

Stills toured Europe as a solo artist for the first time during October 2008. In 2011, Stills contributed a song, "Low Barefoot Tolerance," to J. Ralph's Wretches & Jabberers soundtrack.

Personal life[link]

During a Manassas tour in France, Stills met and married his first wife singer-songwriter Véronique Sanson. Stills has since divorced and remarried twice; his third wife is Kristen Hathoway.

Stills' son, Justin Stills, was critically injured at age 26 snowboarding on Mt Charleston just outside Las Vegas in 1997. An episode of Discovery Health's documentary series Trauma: Life in the ER featured his treatment and recovery. Another son, Henry, has been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome,^[9] and is profiled in the 2007 documentary Autism: The Musical. His son Chris and daughter Jennifer are both recording artists. His youngest son, Oliver Ragland, was born in 2004 and named in honor of Neil Young, whose maternal family name is Ragland.^[10]

Like all four members of CSNY, Stills has long been involved in liberal causes and politics. In 2000, Stills served as a member of the Democratic credentials committee from Florida during the Democratic National Convention, and was an actual delegate in previous years.^[11]

Stills performing with his band at the Wilbur Theater in Boston, Massachusetts on October 23, 2011.

The comic book series Scott Pilgrim features a character by the name of Stephen Stills, referred to as "The Talent" by the band he shares with the titular character. The character also plays an acoustic guitar and sings, and is often portrayed wearing the kind of western shirts that Stills has as standard wardrobe.

Style of musicianship[link]

Stills' sound as a guitarist playing displays sources in rock and roll, blues, and country music, as well as the chordings familiar in the folk music. Latin music played a key role in both his approach to percussion and guitar, and as did many contemporaries during the late 1960s, Stills' playing showed the influence of his friend Jimi Hendrix.^{[citation needed]}

Stills experimented with the guitar itself, including soaking strings in barbecue sauce ^[12] or flipping pickups to mimic Hendrix playing a right-handed guitar left-handed. He is also known for using unconventional guitar tunings, particularly when performing acoustically. Often a long acoustic solo section of the show would feature songs rarely played, and showcase agile fingerstyle playing in standard and altered tunings.

He is also adept at piano, organ, congas and bass guitar, and can play some trap drums and banjo. For the CSN debut album in 1969, Graham Nash commented that "Stephen had a vision, and David and I let him run with it."^{[citation needed]} Stills played every instrumental part on Crosby, Stills and Nash with exception of some guitar by Crosby and Nash, and drums by Dallas Taylor

Discography[link]

See also discographies for Crosby Stills Nash & Young and Buffalo Springfield.

With Bloomfield/Kooper[link]

With Manassas[link]

With the Stills-Young Band[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stephen Stills

• Official Site
• CSN Official Site
• CSNY Official Site
• Five audio interview clips with Stephen Stills