T Symmetry is the symmetry of physical laws under a time reversal transformation:
Although in restricted contexts one may find this symmetry, the observable universe itself does not show symmetry under time reversal, primarily due to the second law of thermodynamics.
Time asymmetries are generally distinguished as between those intrinsic to the dynamic laws of nature, and those due to the initial conditions of our universe. The T-asymmetry of the weak force is of the first kind, while the T-asymmetry of the second law of thermodynamics is of the second kind.
Physicists also discuss the time-reversal invariance of local and/or macroscopic descriptions of physical systems, independent of the invariance of the underlying microscopic physical laws. For example, Maxwell's equations with material absorption or Newtonian mechanics with friction are not time-reversal invariant at the macroscopic level where they are normally applied, even if they are invariant at the microscopic level when one includes the atomic motions the "lost" energy is translated into.
Richard Phillips Feynman ( /ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb and was a member of the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. In addition to his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing, and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He held the Richard Chace Tolman professorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Josh Woodward is a singer-songwriter based in Findlay, Ohio. He is known for releasing his music freely on the Internet in addition to selling hard copies of his albums, as well as releasing his music on iTunes.
Woodward grew up in Van Buren, Ohio, and began playing music at high school in the early 1990s, where he was part of a punk/funk band. After attending college, he worked for Yahoo! in California, and then moved back to Van Buren, Ohio, to start his own company. When Coffee Amici, a coffee bar and performing arts venue in Findlay, opened, Woodward again began to pursue his musical interests. He produced his first album, Here Today in 2004. He also became involved with Song Fight!, entering over fifty competitions and becoming well known on the website. His second album, Crawford Street, was mostly made up of songs he had written for SongFight, and Woodward described it as "a dark sweet tooth". While he sold Crawford Street for $5 at gigs, he gave away the songs for free online. This led to viral advertising, meaning Woodward has fans around the world. In September 2005, Woodward featured on Adam Curry's PodShow, which was broadcast on Sirius Satellite Radio. His third album, Only Whispering, was given professional production. More disks were printed, and they were, unlike his previous CDs, made available on Amazon.com. Mariah Mercer, writing for The Courier, described the album as "a mash of acoustic guitar, underscored by dark piano and percussion. Occasionally reminiscent of Simon and Garfunkel, other times echoing strains of The Barenaked Ladies, even a little John Mayer vibe in the mix, the combination comes together as a not-quite-folk, but far from the pop rock currently dominating the airwaves." Woodward released his fourth album, Here Today in 2004, and this was followed by Crawford Street (2005), Only Whispering (2006), Not Quite Connected (2007) and Dirty Wings (2007). All of his albums are released under Creative Commons licenses.
Sir Roger Penrose OM, FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College. He has received a number of prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe. He is renowned for his work in mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher.
He was born in Colchester, Essex, England, Roger Penrose is a son of Lionel S. Penrose and Margaret Leathes. Penrose is the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and of chess Grandmaster Jonathan Penrose. Penrose attended University College School and University College, London, where he graduated with a first class degree in mathematics. In 1955, while still a student, Penrose reintroduced the E. H. Moore generalized matrix inverse, also known as the Moore–Penrose inverse, after it had been reinvented by Arne Bjerhammar (1951). Penrose earned his Ph.D. at Cambridge (St John's College) in 1958, writing a thesis on "tensor methods in algebraic geometry" under algebraist and geometer John A. Todd. He devised and popularised the Penrose triangle in the 1950s, describing it as "impossibility in its purest form" and exchanged material with the artist M. C. Escher, whose earlier depictions of impossible objects partly inspired it. Escher's Waterfall, and Ascending and Descending were in turn inspired by Penrose. As reviewer Manjit Kumar puts it: