A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish short stories, poetry and essays along with literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals, or little magazines, which is not meant as a pejorative but instead as a contrast with larger, commercial magazines.

History of literary magazines

Literary magazines first began to appear in the early part of the 19th century, mirroring an overall rise in the number of books, magazines and scholarly journals being published at that time. In Great Britain, critics Francis Jeffrey, Henry Brougham and Sydney Smith founded the Edingburgh Review in 1802. Other British reviews of this period included the Westminster Review (1824), the Spectator (1828) and Athenaeum (1828). In the United States, early journals included the Philadelphia Literary Magazine (1803–08), the Monthly Anthology (1803–11), which became the North American Review, the ''Yale Review'' (founded in 1819), Dial (1840–44) and the New Orleans-based De Bow’s Review (1846–80). Several prominent literary magazines were published in Charleston, South Carolina, including ''The Southern Review'' from 1828–32 and ''Russell's Magazine'' from 1857–60).

The ''North American Review'' is the oldest American literary magazine, but publication was suspended during World War II whereas the ''Yale Review'' was not, making the Yale journal the oldest literary magazine in continuous publication. By the end of the century, literary magazines had become an important feature of intellectual life in many parts of the world.

Among the literary magazines that began in the early part of the 20th century is ''Poetry Magazine,'' founded in 1912, which published T. S. Eliot's first poem, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." Other important early-20th century literary magazines include ''The Times Literary Supplement'' (1902), ''Southwest Review'' (1915), ''Virginia Quarterly Review'' (1925), ''Southern Review'' (1935) and ''New Letters'' (1935). The ''Sewanee Review'', although founded in 1892, achieved prominence largely thanks to Allen Tate, who became editor in 1944.

Two of the most influential — and radically different — journals of the last-half of the 20th century were ''The Kenyon Review'' (''KR'') and the ''Partisan Review''. ''The Kenyon Review'', founded by John Crowe Ransom, espoused the so-called New Criticism. Its platform was avowedly unpolitical. Although Ransom came from the South and published authors from that region, ''KR'' also published many New York-based and international authors. ''The Partisan Review'' was first associated with the American Communist Party and the John Reed Club, however, it soon broke ranks with the party. Nevertheless, politics remained central to its character, while it also published significant literature and criticism.

The middle-20th century saw a boom in the number of literary magazines, which corresponded with the rise of the small press. Among the important journals which began in this period were ''Nimbus: A Magazine of Literature, the Arts, and New Ideas,'' which began publication in 1951 in England, the ''Paris Review,'' which was founded in 1953, ''Poetry Northwest'', which was founded in 1959, ''X'' Magazine, which ran from 1959–62, and the ''Denver Quarterly'', which began in 1965. The 1970s saw another surge in the number of literary magazines, with a number of distinguished journals getting their start during this decade, including ''Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art'', ''Ploughshares,'' ''The Iowa Review,'' ''Granta'', ''Agni'', ''The Missouri Review,'' and ''New England Review''. Other highly regarded print magazines of recent years include ''The Threepenny Review'', ''The Georgia Review'', ''The Massachusetts Review'', ''Ascent'', ''Shenandoah'', ''The Greensboro Review'', ''ZYZZYVA'', ''Glimmer Train'', ''Tin House'', the Canadian magazine ''Brick'', the Australian magazine ''Heat'', and ''Zoetrope: All-Story''. Some short fiction writers, such as Steve Almond and Stephen Dixon have built national reputations in the United States primarily through publication in literary magazines.

The Committee of Small Magazine Editors and Publishers (COSMEP) was founded by Hugh Fox in the mid-1970s. It was an attempt to organize the energy of the small presses. Len Fulton, editor and founder of Dustbook Publishing, assembled and published the first real list of these small magazines and their editors in the mid-1970s. This made it possible for poets to pick and choose the publications most amenable to their work and the vitality of these independent publishers was recognized by the larger community, including the National Endowment for the Arts, which created a committee to distribute support money for this burgeoning group of publishers called the Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines (CCLM). This organisation evolved into the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP).

Many prestigious awards exist for works published in literary magazines including the Pushcart Prize and the O. Henry Awards. Literary magazines also provide many of the pieces in The Best American Short Stories and The Best American Essays annual volumes.

Online literary magazines

Around 1996, online literary magazines began to appear. At first, some writers and readers dismissed online literary magazines as not equal in quality or prestige to their print counterparts, while others said that these were not properly magazines and were instead ezines. Since then, though, many writers and readers have accepted online literary magazines as another step in the evolution of the independent literary journals. Among the better known online literary magazines are ''Drunken Boat'', ''Blackbird,'' ''Painted Bride Quarterly,'' ''3:AM Magazine'', ''20x20 magazine'', ''The Barcelona Review'', ''Eclectica Magazine'', ''Failbetter'', ''Guernica Magazine'', ''Identity Theory (webzine)'', ''Literary Mama'', ''McSweeney's Internet Tendency'', ''Monkeybicycle'', ''Sensitive Skin Magazine'', ''Spike Magazine'', ''StorySouth'' and ''Word Riot'', Parabaas (in Bengali) but there are higher quality smaller markets like ''Unlikely Stories'', ''Pank'', ''Fleeting'', ''La Petite Zine'', ''Fringe'' and ''Cha'' and literally thousands of online literary publications so it is difficult to judge the quality and overall impact of this relatively new publishing medium.

See also

List of literary magazines

Literary fiction

Creative nonfiction

Short story

References

Peter Brooker and Andrew Thacker, "The Oxford critical and cultural history of modernist magazines, Volume One: Britain and Ireland 1880–1955" (Oxford University Press. ISBN 978 0 19 921115 9) *http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6864371.ece

External links

Council of Literary Magazines and Small Presses

''The Little Magazine a Hundred Years On'' A Reader's Report by Steve Evans

Little Magazine Interview Index Housed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison Special Collections, the Little Magazine Collection, one of the most extensive of its kind in the United States, includes approximately 7,000 English-language literary magazines published in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand, mostly in the 20th century.

Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art

de:Literaturzeitschrift fr:Revue littéraire ko:문예지 it:Riviste letterarie he:כתב עת ספרותי nl:Literair tijdschrift ja:文芸雑誌 ru:Литературный журнал

birth date	August 14, 1950
birth place	Tacoma, Washington
occupation	Cartoonist (retired)
nationality	American
signature	Gary Larson.svg }}

Gary Larson (born August 14, 1950) is the creator of ''The Far Side'', a single-panel cartoon series that was syndicated internationally to newspapers for 15 years. The series ended with Larson's retirement on January 1, 1995. His 23 books of collected cartoons have combined sales of more than 45 million copies.

Biography

Larson grew up on Fox Island, Washington. His parents are Verner, a car salesman, and Doris, a secretary. He attended Curtis Senior High School before attending Washington State University, from which he graduated in 1972 with a degree in communications. In 1987, Larson married Toni Carmichael, an anthropologist and 1972 Safford High School alumna.

Larson credits his older brother, Dan, for his "paranoid" sense of humor. Dan pulled countless pranks on Gary, taking advantage of his phobia of monsters under the bed by waiting in the closet for the right moment to pounce. He is also credited for nurturing Gary's love of science. They caught animals in Puget Sound and placed them in terrariums in the basement, even making a small desert ecosystem. Larson's use of snakes in his cartoons stems from his long-standing interest in herpetology. Dan died of cancer in 1991.

According to Larson in his anthology, ''The Prehistory of the Far Side'', he was working in a music store when he took a few days off, after finally realizing how much he hated his job. During that time, he decided to try cartooning and drew six cartoons and submitted them to ''Pacific Search'' (now ''Pacific Northwest Magazine''), a Seattle-based magazine. After contributing to another local Seattle paper, in 1979 Larson submitted his work to ''The Seattle Times.'' Under the title ''Nature’s Way'', his work was published weekly next to the ''Junior Jumble''.

To supplement his income, Larson worked for the Humane Society. Larson soon decided he could increase his income from cartooning by selling his strip to another newspaper. Taking his vacation in San Francisco, Larson pitched his work to the ''San Francisco Chronicle''. To Larson’s surprise, the ''Chronicle'' bought the strip and promoted it for syndication, renaming it ''The Far Side''. This all occurred a week before ''The Seattle Times'' dropped ''Nature’s Way.''

In ''The Complete Far Side,'' Larson says that his greatest disappointment in life occurred when he was at a luncheon and sat across from Charles Addams. Larson was not able to think of a single thing to say to him, and deeply regretted the missed opportunity.

Since retiring from the ''Far Side,'' Larson has occasionally done some cartooning work, such as magazine illustrations and promotional artwork for ''Far Side'' merchandise.

In 1998 Larson published his first post-''Far Side'' book, ''There's a Hair in My Dirt!: A Worm's Story'', an illustrated story with the ''Far Side'' mindset.

''The Far Side''

''Nature's Way'', the precursor to ''The Far Side'' first appeared in the ''Seattle Times'' in 1979. After Larson’s success with the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', ''The Far Side'' was syndicated in 1980 by Chronicle Features. Its first appearance in the ''Chronicle'' was on January 1, 1980. It ran for 15 years until Larson retired with his final strip published on January 1, 1995. Larson thought the series was getting repetitive and did not want to enter what he called the "Graveyard of Mediocre Cartoons."

Themes in ''The Far Side'' were often surreal, such as “How cows behave when no human watches” or "The unexpected dangers of being an insect." Often, the behavior of supposedly superior humans was compared with animals: surrounded by fences and dense housing, a father explains to his son that a bird song is a territorial marking common to the lower animals. Animals and other creatures were frequently presented anthropomorphically. For example, one strip depicts a family of spiders driving in a car with a "Have a Nice Day" bumper sticker, featuring a "smiley face" with eight eyes.

One of Larson's more famous cartoons shows a chimpanzee couple grooming. The female finds a blonde human hair on the male and inquires, "Conducting a little more 'research' with that Jane Goodall tramp?" The Jane Goodall Institute thought this was in bad taste, and had their lawyers draft a letter to Larson and his distribution syndicate, in which they described the cartoon as an "atrocity". They were stymied by Goodall herself, who was in Africa at the time, when she returned and saw the cartoon. She stated that she found the cartoon amusing, and later personally met Larson. Since then, all profits from sales of a shirt featuring this cartoon go to the Goodall Institute.

Goodall wrote a preface to ''The Far Side Gallery 5'', detailing her version of the "Jane Goodall Tramp" controversy. She praised Larson's creative ideas, which often compare and contrast the behavior of humans and animals. In 1988, Larson visited Gombe Streams National Park and was attacked by Frodo, a chimp described by Goodall as a "bully." Larson escaped with cuts and bruises.

Larson's ''Far Side'' cartoons were syndicated worldwide and published in many collections. They were reproduced extensively on greeting cards which continue to be popular. Two animated versions, "''Tales from the Far Side''" and "''Tales from the Far Side II''", were produced for television in 1994 and 1997, respectively.

Larson published a 2007 calendar with all author royalties donated to Conservation International.

''There's a Hair in My Dirt!: A Worm's Story''

name	There’s a Hair in My Dirt!: A Worm’s Story
author	Gary Larson
illustrator	Gary Larson
language	English
genre	Humor
publisher	HarperCollins
release date	c1998
pages	59
isbn	0-06-093274-0
oclc	42894109
Italic title	no }}

''There's a Hair in My Dirt!: A Worm's Story'' is a short illustrated story of an earthworm who feels his life is insignificant. The main plot is told by the young worm's father and follows a beautiful maiden named Harriet, who takes a stroll across a woodland trail, encountering different aspects of the natural world. She admires it, but knows little about the land around her, and that eventually leads to her downfall. The story became a ''New York Times'' bestseller on May 24, 1998.

Awards

Larson was awarded the Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award by the National Cartoonists Society in 1985 and 1988. Larson earned the society’s Reuben Award for 1990 and 1994. Larson has been recognized for various individual strips by the National Cartoonist Society in 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1995. On March 15, 1989, a newly discovered insect species was named after Larson by Dale H. Clayton, head of the Committee of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago. The ''Strigiphilus garylarsoni'' is a biting louse of a genus only found on owls. Wrote Larson: "I considered this an extreme honor. Besides, I knew no one was going to write and ask to name a new species of swan after me. You have to grab these opportunities when they come along." A 8"x11" magnification of the insect appeared in the ''Prehistory of the Far Side'' 10th anniversary compilation, along with the letter requesting permission to use his name. A similar thing happened when an Ecuadorian rain forest butterfly was named after him; ''Serratoterga larsoni''. The ''Garylarsonus'' beetle carries his name. The term "thagomizer", a feature of stegosaurus anatomy, was coined in a ''Far Side'' cartoon.

Other works

In 2003, Larson drew a cover for the November 17 edition of ''The New Yorker'' magazine, an offer he felt was too prestigious to refuse.

Larson is a jazz guitarist. In exchange for guitar lessons from Herb Ellis, he provided the cover illustration for the album ''Doggin' Around'' (Concord, 1988) by Ellis and bassist Red Mitchell.

Larson voices himself in the ''Simpsons'' episode "Once Upon a Time in Springfield."

References

External links

''The Far Side'' official site

Biography on NNDB

NCS Awards

The Far Side at Toonopedia

Article at Salon.com (Three pages)

The Christian Science Monitor, October 25, 2001">Profile and update in The Christian Science Monitor, October 25, 2001

Category:American cartoonists Category:American satirists Category:Reuben Award winners Category:People from Seattle, Washington Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:People from Tacoma, Washington Category:The Far Side

da:Gary Larson de:Gary Larson es:Gary Larson fr:Gary Larson it:Gary Larson he:גארי לארסון no:Gary Larson fi:Gary Larson sv:Gary Larson tr:Gary Larson

DeWitt Henry is an American author and editor.

Born in 1941 in Wayne, Pennsylvania, Henry earned his A.B. from Amherst College in 1963. He is a founding editor of ''Ploughshares'', a literary journal, and served as its editor and director from its inception in 1971 to 1995. He currently teaches at Emerson College.

Bibliography

Works authored

''Safe Suicide: Essays, Narratives, and Mediations'', Red Hen Press, 2008

''The Marriage of Anna Maye Potts'', University of Tennessee Press, 2001 (winner of the Peter Taylor Prize for the Novel)

Works edited

''Sorrow's Company: Writers on Loss and Grief'', Beacon Press, 2001

''Breaking Into Print: Early Stories and Insights Into Getting Published'', Beacon Press, 2000

''Fathering Daughters: Reflections by Men'' (with James Alan McPherson), Beacon Press 1998, pb. 1999

''Other Sides of Silence: New Fiction from Ploughshares'', Faber and Faber, 1993, o.p.

''The Ploughshares Reader: New Fiction for the 80s'', Pushcart Press, 1984, NAL, 1985 (winner of the Third Annual Editors Book Award)

External links

dewitthenry.com

''Ploughshares''

Category:Living people Category:American writers Category:American editors Category:Emerson College faculty

thumb|Parviz Natel-Khanlari, 1965 Parviz Natel Khanlari (1914 - 1990 Tehran, Iran) (), Iranian literary scholar, linguist, author, researcher and professor at Tehran University.

Biography

Parviz Natel Khanlari graduated from Tehran University in 1943 with a doctorate degree in Persian literature, and began his academic career in the faculty of arts and letters. He also studied linguistics at Paris University for two years. from then on, Khanlari founded a new course named history of Persian language in Tehran University.

Khanlari's contributions fall into several categories. apart from his academic career which continued until the 1979 revolution, he held numerous administrative positions in the Iran in the 1960's through the late 1970's. Early in his career, he was the Governor of Azerbaijan Province. Later on, he served first as the Deputy Prime Minister and later as the Minister of Education of Iran. He served as the representative of Mazandaran in four sessions of the Iranian Parliament. He was also the founder of the ''Iranian Culture Foundation (Bonyad-e Farhang-e Iran)''. His efforts were instrumental in the establishment and operation of the Iran Academy of Arts and Literature of Iran, the Franklin Institute, and other cultural and educational institutions.

Parviz Natel Khanlari was founder and editor of ''Sokhan magazine'', a leading literary journal with wide circulation among Iraninan intellectuals and literary scholars from early 1940's to 1978.

Khanlari as a writer, is distinguished for the simplicity of his style. He did not follow the traditionalists nor did he advocate the new. Indeed, his approach accommodated the entire spectrum of creativity and expression in Persian literature.

Further reading

Parviz Natel-Khanlari, editor, ''Divān-e Hāfez'', Volume 1, ''The Lyrics (Ghazals)'' (Tehran, Iran, 1362 AH/1983-4). This work has been translated by Peter Avery, ''The Collected Lyrics of Hafiz of Shiraz'', 603 p. (Archetype, Cambridge, UK, 2007). ISBN 1901383091

See also

Persian literature

Iranian Studies

External links

Javād Es'hāghiān, ''Doctor Khanlari: A wave that did not rest'' (''Doctor Khānlari: Mouji ke Najāsood''), in Persian, ''Āti Bān'', 2008, . Note: The subtitle of this article is a paraphrase of a couplet from a long Persian poem by Mohammad Iqbal (better known in Iran as ''Eqbāl-e Lāhourí'').

Category:Persian writers Category:Iranian literary scholars Category:Iranian academics Category:Iranian linguists Category:Iranian writers Category:University of Tehran alumni Category:University of Tehran faculty Category:1914 births Category:1990 deaths

de:Parviz Natel-Khanlari fa:پرویز ناتل خانلری sv:Parviz Natel-Khanlari