Lucjan Żeligowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlut͡sjan ʐɛliˈɡɔfskʲi]; 1865–1947), was a Polish general, and veteran of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War and World War II. He is mostly remembered for his role in Żeligowski's Mutiny and as head of a short-lived Republic of Central Lithuania.

Lucjan Żeligowski was born October 17, 1865, in Oszmiana (modern Ashmiany in Belarus) to Gustaw and Władysława née Traczewska. After graduating from military officers' school in Riga during 1885, he joined the Russian Army, where he served at various staff and command posts. Married to Tatiana Pietrowna, he had two children.

He fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. During the First World War he served as a lieutenant colonel and commanding officer of a Russian rifle regiment.

After the February Revolution of 1917, Żeligowski became one of the organizers of the Polish Army in Russia. Initially commander of an infantry regiment in the ranks of the Polish 1st Corps, he was quickly promoted and given command over a brigade. In 1918 he started the creation of a Polish unit in the area of Kuban, which eventually became the 4th Polish Rifle Division. As part of the Polish Army, his unit fought alongside the Denikin's Whites in the Russian Civil War. In October of the same year he became the Commander in Chief of all the Polish units fighting in Russia.