The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, including i'jam ⟨إِعْجَام⟩ (ʾiʿǧām, consonant pointing), and tashkil ⟨تَشْكِيل⟩ (taškīl, supplementary diacritics). The latter include the ḥarakāt ⟨حَرَكَات⟩ (vowel marks; singular: ḥarakah ⟨حَرَكَة⟩).

The Arabic script is an impure abjad, where short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters but short vowels and consonant length are not generally indicated in writing. Taškīl is optional to represent missing vowels and consonant length. Modern Arabic is nearly always written with consonant pointing, but occasionally unpointed texts are still seen. Early texts such as the Qur'an were initially written without pointing, and pointing was added later to determine the expected readings and interpretations.

The literal meaning of taškīl is "forming". As the normal Arabic text does not provide enough information about the correct pronunciation, the main purpose of taškīl (and ḥarakāt) is to provide a phonetic guide or a phonetic aid; i.e. show the correct pronunciation. It serves the same purpose as furigana (also called "ruby") in Japanese or pinyin or zhuyin in Mandarin Chinese for children who are learning to read or foreign learners.

Moustafa Amar (Arabic: مصطفى قمر‎) (born Moustafa Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Amar Arabic: مصطفى أحمد محمد قمر‎ on September 22, 1966) is an Egyptian musician and actor.

Moustafa Amar attended Al-Shaheed Abbas School where his talent and love for music and singing earned him the role of lead singer in the school concert. His father got him a guitar when he was ten and he began taking summer classes. Amar attended the University of Alexandria, then he moved to Cairo to find a production company.

Amar is married to Ghada Essa and they have two sons, Eyad and Tayam. Eyad was born in 1993. Tayam was born in 1996. They're currently attending AIS: the American International School in Egypt. Both were in his movies, Qalb Garee and Bahibak Wana Kaman. Eyad likes to play the guitar and Tayam likes to play the drums.

Amar's first song was "Wala Yabou Khad Gameel", released on a collective album, and in 1990, he released his first solo album, Wassaf. In 1992-1993, he released his second album, Layaleki, which sold well. He has collaborated with actress Nilly ("Papa Noel"), arranger/singer Hamid El Shari and Gipsy Kings. In 2004, he released Enssa, his 14th album.