Western crosier of Archbishop Heinrich of Finstingen, 1260-1286.

A crosier (crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh) is the stylized staff of office (pastoral staff) carried by high-ranking Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran and Pentecostal prelates. The other typical insignia of most of these prelates, but not all, are the mitre, pectoral cross, and the episcopal ring.

Symbol of office[link]

The crosier is the symbol of the governing office of the Bishop or Apostle.

Western Christianity[link]

In Western Christianity, the crozier is shaped like a shepherd's crook. A bishop/head of church bears this staff as "shepherd of the flock of God", i.e., particularly the community under his canonical jurisdiction, but any bishop, whether or not assigned to a functional diocese, also uses a crosier when conferring sacraments and presiding at liturgies. The Roman Catholic Caeremoniale Episcoporum^[1] says that, as a sign of his pastoral function, a bishop uses a crosier within his territory, but any bishop celebrating the liturgy solemnly with the consent of the local bishop may also use it. It adds that, when several bishops join in a single celebration, only the one presiding uses a crosier.

A bishop usually holds his crozier with his left hand, leaving his right hand free to bestow blessings. The Caeremoniale Episcoporum states that the bishop holds the crosier with the crook towards the people or forward. It also states that a bishop usually holds the crosier during a procession and when listening to the reading of the Gospel, giving a homily, accepting vows, solemn promises or a profession of faith, and when blessing people,unless he must lay his hands on them. In Anglican tradition the crosier may be carried by someone else before the bishop in procession. When the bishop is not holding the crosier, it is put in the care of an altar server, known as the "crosier bearer", who may wear a shawl-like veil around his shoulders called a vimpa, so as to hold the crozier without touching it with his bare hands. Another altar server, likewise wearing a vimpa, holds the mitre, when the bishop is not wearing it.

The crosier is conferred upon a bishop during his ordination to the episcopacy. It is also presented to an abbot at his blessing, an ancient custom symbolizing his shepherding of the monastic community. Although there is no provision in the liturgy of the blessing of an abbess for the presentation of a crosier, by long-standing custom an abbess may bear one when leading her community of nuns.

The crosier is used in ecclesiastical heraldry to represent pastoral authority in the coats of arms of cardinals, bishops, abbots and abbesses. It was suppressed in most personal arms in the Catholic Church in 1969, and is since found on arms of abbots and abbesses, diocesan coats of arms and other corporate arms.

The Church of God in Christ, Incorporated is the largest Pentecostal Christian church in the United States. The Church of God in Christ views its Presiding Bishop as the positional and functional leader of the Church. The Presiding Bishop bears a crosier.

Eastern Christianity[link]

Eastern Orthodox tau-shaped crosier belonging to St. Dimitry of Rostov (Rostov museum).

Russian Orthodox bishops crosier XVI c.

In Eastern Christianity (Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholicism), bishops use a similar pastoral staff. When a bishop is consecrated, the crosier (Greek: paterissa, Slavonic: pósokh) is presented to him by the chief consecrator following the dismissal at the Divine Liturgy.

The Archbishop of Cyprus has the unique privilege of carrying a paterissa shaped like an imperial sceptre. This is one of the Three Privileges granted to the Orthodox Church of Cyprus by Emperor Zeno (the other two being to sign his name in cinnabar—i.e., ink coloured vermilion by the addition of the mineral cinnabar and to wear purple instead of black robes under his vestments).

An Eastern archimandrite (high-ranking abbot), hegumen (abbot) or hegumenia (abbess) who leads a monastic community also bears a crosier. It is conferred by the bishop during the Divine Liturgy for the elevation of the candidate.

When he is not vested for worship, a bishop, archimandrite or abbot uses a different type of staff in the form of a walking stick topped with a silver pommel.

Description[link]

Croziers are often made of fine metal, or at least gilded or silver-plated. They may also be made of wood, though this is more common of the crosier carried by an abbot than of a bishop.

Western croziers[link]

Gold crozier from Carcassonne, 13th century (Musée de Cluny).

Crozier ~ 1220/30, treasury of the former Premonstratensian Rüti Abbey in Switzerland

Crosiers used by Western bishops have curved or hooked tops, similar in appearance to staves traditionally used by shepherds, hence they are also known as crooks. In some languages there is only one term, referring to this form, such as the German Krummstab, Dutch kromstaf. The crook itself (i.e., the curved top portion) may be formed as a simple shepherd's crook, terminating in a floral pattern, reminiscent of the Aaron's rod, or in a serpent's head. It may encircle a depiction of the bishop's coat of arms or the figure of a saint. In some very ornate crozeirs, the place where the staff meets the crook may be designed to represent a church.

In previous times, a cloth of linen or richer material, called the Sudarium, was suspended from the crozier at the place where the bishop would grasp it. This was originally a practical application which prevented the bishop's hand from sweating and discolouring (or being discoloured by) the metal. Over time it became more elaborate and ceremonial in function. In heraldry, the sudarium is often still depicted when croziers occur on coats of arms.

In the Roman Catholic Church, the crosier is always carried by the bishop with the crook turned away from himself; that is to say, facing toward the persons or objects which he is facing regardless of whether he is the Ordinary or not. The Sacred Congregation of Rites on November 26, 1919 stated in a reply to the following question,

"In case an outside Bishop uses a Bishops' staff, this being either required by the function or permitted by the Ordinary, in what direction should he hold the upper part, or crook?

Reply. Always with the crook turned away from himself, that is toward the persons or objects which he is facing." (AAS 12-177)

Eastern Croziers[link]

The croziers carried by Eastern bishops, archimandrites, abbots and abbesses differs in design from the Western crozier. The Eastern crozier is shaped more like a crutch than a shepherd's staff.

The sudarium (crozier mantle) is still used in the Eastern churches, where it is usually made of a rich fabric such as brocade or velvet, and is usually embroidered with a cross or other religious symbol, trimmed with galoon around the edges, and fringed at the bottom. The sudarium is normally a rectangular piece of fabric with a string sewn into the upper edge which is used to tie the sudarium to the crosier and which can be drawn together to form pleats. As the sudarium has grown more elaborate, bishops no longer hold it between their hand and the crosier, but place their hand under it as they grasp the crosier, so that it is visible.

The Eastern crosier is found in two common forms. The older form is tau-shaped, with arms curving down, surmounted by a small cross. The other has a top composed of a pair of sculptured serpents or dragons with their heads curled back to face each other, with a small cross between them, representing the bishop's diligence in guarding his flock.

Symbolism[link]

The traditional explanation for the form of Western crosiers, beyond the obvious reference to the bishop as a shepherd to his flock, is this: the pointed ferrule at the base symbolizes the obligation of the prelate to goad the spiritually lazy; the crook at the top, his obligation to draw back those who stray from the faith; and the staff itself his obligation to stand as a firm support for the faithful.^{[citation needed]} It is considered to be both a rod and a staff (Psalm 23:4): a rod for punishing the recalcitrant, and a staff for leading the faithful.^{[citation needed]}

A crosier on the Coat of Arms of Basle, which was ruled by Prince-Bishops during the Middle Ages.

The Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Rite Catholic crosier, is found in two common forms. One is tau-shaped, with curved arms, surmounted by a small cross. The other has a top comprising a pair of sculptured serpents or dragons curled back to face each other, with a small cross between them. The symbolism in the latter case is of the bronze serpent made by Moses in Numbers 21:8-9. It is also reminiscent of the caduceus or the rod of the ancient Greek god Asclepius whose worship was centered around the Aegean, including Asia Minor, indicating the role of the bishop as healer of spiritual diseases.^{[citation needed]}

Additionally, there is a probable link between the shape of the crozier and that of the lituus, the traditional staff of the ancient Roman augurs^[2].

Papal usage[link]

Statue of Pope St. Sylvester carrying the older Papal Cross.

A crosier was also carried on some occasions by the pope, beginning in the early days of the church. This practice was gradually phased out and had disappeared by the time of Innocent III's papacy in the thirteenth century. In the Middle Ages, popes would carry a three-barred cross (one more bar than on those carried before archbishops), in the same manner as other bishops carried a crosier. This was in turn phased out, but Paul VI introduced the modern papal pastoral staff, which instead of the triple cross depicts a modern rendition of the crucified Christ, whose arms are fixed to a crossbar that is curved somewhat in the manner of an Eastern crozier. John Paul I and John Paul II carried this same pastoral staff, as did Benedict XVI at the beginning of his papacy. Since 2008, Benedict XVI has carried a more traditionally wrought staff or ferula.

Gallery[link]

• 

  Ivory crozier showing the Agnus Dei, Italy, 13th century (Musée du Louvre)

• 

  Walrus tusk, Holy Spirit as a dove, England, ca. 1120–1130 (Musée national du Moyen Âge, Paris)

• 

  Gilt copper and glass cabochons, Annunciation, Limoges, mid-13th century (Louvre)

• 

  Champlevé enamel over gilt copper, lion and serpent, Limoges, ca. 1200 (Louvre)

Other uses[link]

Crozier is also a relatively common surname of English and French origin. The meaning comes from a name for one who carried a cross or a bishop’s crook in ecclesiastical processions, from Middle English, Old French.^[3]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: crosiers

• Morrisroe, Patrick (1908), "Crosier", The Catholic Encyclopedia, IV, New York: Robert Appleton Company, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04515c.htm 
• "Crosier", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2005, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=crosier 
• Noonan, James-Charles, Jr. (1996), The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church, New York: Viking, pp. 191, ISBN 0-670-86745-4 

1. ^ Caeremoniale Episcoporum (Vatican Polyglott Press, 1985), 59
2. ^ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04515c.htm#Origin
3. ^ http://www.ancestry.com/facts/crozier+-name-meaning.ashx

"Crosier", The crozier Surname, Ancestry.com, 2009, http://www.ancestry.com/facts/crozier+-name-meaning.ashx ^{[dead link]}

External links[link]

• Photo of Pope John Paul II kneeling before the Holy Door of St. Peter's Basilica, carrying the older form of the Papal Cross
• "The Reichenau Crozier". Metalwork. Victoria and Albert Museum. http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/metalwork/metalwork_stories/Reichenau_Crozier/index.html. Retrieved 2007-09-22. 
•  "Crosier". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. 
• Photos of Medieval Croziers from Italy, France, Spain & England
• Photos of the new Crozier of H.H. Pope Benedict XVI.

Michel Crozier (born 6 November 1922 in Sainte-Menehould, Marne) is a French sociologist and member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques since 1999. He is also an officer of the Légion d'honneur and a commander of the Ordre National du Mérite, as well as a laureate of the Prix Tocqueville.

Michel Crozier didn't become a sociologist by training. He became a sociologist because of a seminal experience in social analysis that was made possible by an American scholarship that he used to study the labor movement in the United States. After his initial training in business (HEC Paris, 1943) and law, he spent fourteen months traveling across the US in the immediate post World War II years, interviewing labor union members and officials, getting to know the American labor movement and American society in general. Back in France, he published a book on this research and joined the French National Center for Scientific Research as a sociologist.

In 1953, he carried out his first research on the white-collar workers in the French Postal Bank. The publication of the results of this research (Petits Fonctionnaires au travail) established his reputation as a sociologist of white-collar work and set off a series of new field studies on insurance companies, a big nationalized bank and, last but not least, on the French tobacco monopoly. In 1959, he was invited to the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Palo Alto. There he started the elaboration and writing up of what eventually became The Bureaucratic Phenomenon, published first in English in 1964, and then in French. In this book, which established the sociology of organizations as a discipline in France, Michel Crozier sketched out the bases of what would later on become the “strategic analysis of organizations.”

The international success of The Bureaucratic Phenomenon provided him with the reputation and the resources to found the Center for the Sociology of Organizations, a small research group of young sociologists, with whom he embarked on a new research program on French Administration and Change, and pursued the theoretical and methodological elaboration of his approach to the study of organizations. In 1977, together with Erhard Friedberg, he published L’Acteur et le système (Actors and Systems, 1981, Chicago University Press), a scientific essay that was highly influential in France and continental Europe. In it, the authors put forth an approach to the study of organizations and other less formalized systems of action, detailing the theoretical and methodological assumptions that lie behind it. The way in which organizations and systems function is conceptualized by them as originating from game structures that channel and stabilize power and bargaining relations between a set of strategically interdependent actors.

Professor Crozier never considered sociology and sociological theorizing as an end in itself. He never separated his sociological work from his commitment to administrative and social reform, in the service of which he published seven books and engaged in numerous consultancies and interventions. He recently published his autobiography in two volumes, Ma Belle Epoque (2002), and A Contre-Courant (2004).

External links[link]

• Information in French

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since July 2011. It may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since December 2010.

Tom Sheridan is a Gaelic Athletic Association handball player from Ireland who represents his county Meath.^[1]

Past Achievements[link]

• 1979 U12 60 x 30 Doubles (with M McGovern)
• 1980 U12 60 x 30 Doubles (with M McGovern)
• 1982
  • U14 40 x 20 Doubles (with A McGovern)
  • U14 60 x 30 Doubles (with A McGovern)
• 1983
  • U16 40 x 20 Doubles (with A McGovern)
  • U16 60 x 30 Doubles (with A McGovern)
  • 1984
  • U16 40 x 20 Doubles (with D Gough)
  • U16 60 x 30 Doubles (with B Ferguson)
• 1985
  • Minor 40 x 20 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Minor 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Minor Hardball Singles
  • Minor Hardball Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 1986
  • Minor 60 x 30 S
  • Minor 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Minor Hardball Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 1987
  • Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with J McGovern)
  • Junior 60 x 30 Doubles (with J McGovern)
• 1988 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with J McGovern)
• 1989 Junior Hardball Doubles (with C McGovern)
• 1990 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with J McGovern)
• 1992
  • Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with J McGovern)
  • Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with J McGovern)
  • Senior Hardball Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 1993 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with J McGovern)
• 1994
  • Senior Hardball Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with J McGovern)
• 1996 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with E Jensen)
• 1997 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with E Jensen)
• 1998
  • Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Senior Hardball Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 1999 Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 2000 Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 2001 Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 2002
  • Senior 40 x 20 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
  • Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 2003
  • Senior 60 x 30 Singles
  • Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)
• 2004 Senior 60 x 30 Doubles (with W O’Connor)

References[link]

This Gaelic Athletic Association-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Roger Allan Crozier (March 16, 1942 in Bracebridge, Ontario – January 11, 1996) was a Canadian professional hockey goaltender who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings, Buffalo Sabres and Washington Capitals.

Playing career[link]

Early career[link]

Roger Crozier was identified as a special goaltending talent at an early age. He was recruited by his town's senior hockey team to be the starting goaltender at age 14.^[1]

Crozier spent his junior career playing for the St. Catharines Teepees of the Ontario Hockey Association from 1959 to 1962. In 1959-60, Crozier led his team to a Memorial Cup Championship.^[2] The Chicago Black Hawks owned the rights to the Teepees through the NHL sponsorship system, which earned them the rights to all of the team's players.^[3]

During the 1960-61 season, Crozier spent the majority of his time in the OHA. At one point in the season, the Buffalo Bisons starting goaltender, Denis DeJordy was injured. A replacement goaltender was needed so the Bisons called for Crozier to start. Making his professional debut, he appeared in 3 games, recording 2 wins and a 2.31 GAA.

Crozier returned as the starting goaltender to the Teepees for the 1961-62 season but he also made short appearances with the Sault Ste. Marie Thunderbirds in the EPHL, and the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL.

Detroit Red Wings (1963-70)[link]

The Chicago Black Hawks traded Crozier to the Detroit Red Wings in 1963. The young goaltender, turned full-time pro, again spent the season in the minors with the St. Louis Braves in the EPHL and the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL. In 1963-64, he played 44 games with the Pittsburgh Hornets, Detroit's AHL affiliate, before making his NHL debut with the Red Wings. Star goaltender Terry Sawchuk was injured, and like the previous time with the Bisons, Crozier was called up to replace. Crozier made the most of it, and in 15 games, he convinced Red Wings management that he was the next to be. During the off-season, Sawchuk was let go, making Crozier the Red Wings starting goaltender at the age of 22.^[4]

In his rookie season, Crozier debuted in all of his team's games, leading the league with 40 wins and 6 shutouts and his 2.42 GAA was second lowest in the league. Adding to that long list of achievements, Crozier would also be the last NHL goaltender to start all of his team's games during the regular season. At season's end, Crozier was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's top rookie and he waw also named to the NHL First All-Star Team.^[5] Following his impresssive rookie season, Crozier missed 6 games due to pancreatitis. Nonetheless, he would return and play the team's remaining 64 games, posting 27 wins and leading the league with 7 shutouts, while also helping the Red Wings clinch a spot in the playoffs. Benefitting from Crozier's strong play in the postseason, the Red Wings made it deep in the playoffs. After eliminating the Chicago Black Hawks, the Red Wings squared off against the Montreal Canadiens in the 1966 Stanley Cup Finals. The Red Wings won the first 2 games, but Montreal came back and won the next 4 to win the Stanley Cup. Even though Detroit lost the series, Crozier was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs MVP, becoming the first goaltender to win the award and the also the first player to win it in a losing effort.^[6]

Plagued from his pancreatitis sickness, Crozier was forced to play in only 58 of the Red Wings games in 1966-67. His production was down as he won only 22 games and recorded a 3.35 GAA. The Red Wings would also miss the playoffs. After another bout of pancreatits in the beginning of the 1967-68 season, Crozier announced his retirement. His announcement was shortlived however, as after 6 weeks, he returned to hockey, playing 3 games with the Fort Worth Wings in the CPHL as conditioning before returning with the Red Wings.^[7] Crozier would spend 2 more seasons on a mediocre Wings team before being traded to the newly formed Buffalo Sabres in 1970.

Buffalo Sabres (1970-76)[link]

In the 1970 NHL Expansion Draft, Buffalo Sabres General Manager "Punch" Imlach drafted Tom Webster from Boston and promptly dealt him to Detroit for Crozier. Crozier started the Sabres' first NHL game on October 10, 1970 against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Crozier turned away 35 of 36 shots to earn the franchise's first victory, 2-1. On December 6, 1970, Crozier earned the franchise's first shutout in a 1-0 win over the Minnesota North Stars. By late December however, Crozier was deeply exhausted and the majority of the workload was put on goalies Joe Daley and Dave Dryden. Crozier would finish the season with a 9-20-7 record and a 3.68 GAA. The Sabres also missed the playoffs finishing 5th in the East Division.^[8]

The 1971-72 season was even worst for the Sabres as they finished with the least wins in the entire league. Crozier posted a 13-34-14 record and a 3.51 GAA. He also faced 2,190 shots, which is still the team's record for shots faced by a goalie in a single season. After a disappointing season, Crozier and the Sabres looked to bounce back. The 1972-73 season looked much better as the Sabres made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Playing 49 games, Crozier had his first winning record with the Sabres and posted a much improved 2.76 GAA down from last season's 3.51. In the first round they were matched up against the Montreal Canadiens. Crozier played 4 games and won 2, but they were ultimately dispatched in 6 games.

Facing continuing problems with his pancreatitis and the new additions of ulcers and gallbladder problems, Crozier would see his playing time greatly reduced. In 1974-75, Crozier posted 17 wins and 2 losses, helping the Sabres rank 1st in the Adams Division. During the playoffs, Crozier played 5 games including 2 in the Stanley Cup Finals. After eliminating the Chicago Black Hawks and the Montreal Canadiens, the Sabres earned a matchup with the Philadelphia Flyers in the Stanley Cup Finals. Crozier started in Game 3 of the Finals and was part of the infamous "Fog Game" in Buffalo. A heat wave in May hit the arena and with no air conditioning inside, the temperature skyrocketed. Fog started to develop and soon visibility was dramatically decreased. After a 4-4 tie in regulation, Rene Robert scored for the Sabres in overtime to win the game.^[9] The series went to Game 6 with the Sabres trailing 3-2. Crozier was allowed to start and he denied the Flyers of any scoring after 2 periods. The third period saw the Flyers score the 2 only goals in the game, and with that the Flyers won the Stanley Cup. For the second time, Crozier was denied a Stanley Cup championship.

In 1975-76, Crozier participated in only 11 games due to his persisting ailments, leaving the starting job to Gerry Desjardins. Seeing no more potential value in Crozier, the Sabres traded him to the Washington Capitals in exchange for cash on March 3, 1977. He would play only 3 games before retiring after 13 seasons in the NHL.

Post-career[link]

After retiring, Crozier served in the Capitals' front office and eventually became interim general manager during the 1981-82 season after Max McNab was relieved of his duties. He was also the head coach of the Capitals for one game during the season.^[10] Under his watch, the Capitals would pick defenceman Scott Stevens during the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.

After leaving the Capitals organization in 1983, he moved to Wilmington, Delaware, where he rose to the level of executive vice president and facilities manager of Worldwide Facilities and Construction at MBNA Bank.^[11] Wishing to spread his love of hockey with young kids, Crozier opened and operated the Roger Crozier Enterprises Hockey School in Barrie, Ontario from 1983 to 1993.^[12]

Roger Crozier died after a battle with cancer on January 11, 1996, aged 53. In 2000, the NHL unveiled the Roger Crozier Saving Grace Award given annually to the goaltender who posts the best save percentage in each season. The award is co-sponsored by Crozier's last employer, MBNA.

Awards and achievements[link]

• Selected to the OHA-Jr. First All-Star Team in 1960, 1961, 1962.
• Memorial Cup champion in 1960.
• Named on the AHL Second All-Star Team in 1964.
• Winner of the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award (AHL Fewest goals against) in 1964.
• Winner of the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award (AHL Top Rookie) in 1964.
• Winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy (NHL Rookie of the Year) in 1965.
• Named on the NHL First All-Star Team in 1965.
• Winner of the Conn Smythe Trophy (NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs MVP) in 1966.

Career statistics[link]

Regular season[link]

Playoffs[link]

See also[link]

• Hap Holmes Memorial Award

References[link]

1. ^ Roger Crozier, Daredevil Goalie, T. Cohen, 1967
2. ^ http://gdrinnan.blogspot.ca/2008/05/memorial-cup-history-1960.html
3. ^ http://www.sabreslegends.com/crozier_r_bio.html
4. ^ http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=18477
5. ^ http://www.goaliesarchive.com/wings/crozier.html
6. ^ http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=CST&year=1965-66
7. ^ http://redwingslegends.blogspot.ca/2008/05/roger-crozier.html
8. ^ http://www.sabreslegends.com/crozier_r_bio.html
9. ^ http://www.buffalocurse.com/sabres.htm
10. ^ http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/hockey/nhl/coach.php?name=croziro01c
11. ^ http://www.mastercard.com/ca/company/en/press/2003/07_24_crozier.html
12. ^ http://www.sabreslegends.com/crozier_r_bio.html

Lorna Crozier (born 24 May 1948 in Swift Current, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian poet and holds the Head Chair in the Writing Department at the University of Victoria.^[1]

Crozier attended the University of Saskatchewan where she received her B.A. in 1969, and the University of Alberta where she received her M.A. in 1980. Before publishing her poems and stories, Crozier was a high school English teacher and guidance counsellor. During these years, her first poem was published in Grain magazine.^[2] She also taught creative writing at the Banff School of Fine Arts, the Saskatchewan Summer School of the Arts, and the Sechelt Summer Writing Festival. Crozier has served as the writer-in-residence at the Cypress Hills Community College in 1983, the Regina Public Library, and the University of Toronto in 1989.^[1]

Crozier has authored 15 books of work, which typically focus on human relationships, the natural world, language, and memory and perception.^[3] Alongside partner Patrick Lane, Crozier has co-authored, No Longer Two People (1979), and co-edited Breathing Fire: Canada’s New Poets (1995), and Breathing Fire 2 (2004).^[4]

A book review from The Globe and Mail by Jacqueline Baker on Crozier’s book, "Small Beneath the Sky: A Prairie Memoir", emphasized Crozier’s prairie roots, and gave positive feedback on this memoir.^[5] In an interview with Joseph Planta of THECOMMENTARY.ca regarding the same book, she reveals the alcohol and poverty that surrounded her as a child. Although she grew up with a fairly difficult childhood, Crozier took her past and turned it into well renowned poetry.^[6]

She has received a 1992 Governor General's Awards, the Canadian Author’s Association Award for Poetry, the National Magazine Award (Gold Medal), and first prize in the National CBC Literary Competition. Crozier received the University of Victoria’s Distinguished Professors Award and the University of Regina presented her with an honorary Doctorate of Law in 2004. Crozier has given various benefit readings for organizations such as the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wintergreen Studios, The Land Conservancy of British Columbia, the Victoria READ Society, and PEERS, a group devoted to getting prostitutes off the streets. She has read her poetry on every continent other than Antarctica, and on May 19, 2005 Crozier recited a poem for Queen Elizabeth II as part of Saskatchewan’s Centennial Celebration.^[1]

Poetry[link]

• Inside is the Sky - 1976 (as Lorna Uher)
• Crow's Black Joy - 1979 (as Lorna Uher)
• Humans and Other Beasts - 1980 (as Lorna Uher)
• No Longer Two People - 1981 (with Patrick Lane)
• The Weather - 1983
• The Garden Going On Without Us - 1985 (nominated for a Governor General's Award)
• Angels of Flesh, Angels of Silence - 1988 (nominated for a Governor General's Award)
• Inventing the Hawk - 1992 (winner of the Governor General's Award for poetry, and the Pat Lowther Award)
• Everything Arrives at the Light - 1995 (winner of the Pat Lowther Award)
• A Saving Grace: Collected Poems - 1996
• What the Living Won't Let Go - 1999
• Apocrypha of Light - 2002
• Bones in their Wings: Ghazals - 2003
• Whetstone - 2005
• Bones in Their Wings: Ghazals - 2006
• The Blue Hour of the Day: Selected Poems - 2007
• Small Beneath the Sky - 2009

Anthologies[link]

• A Sudden Radiance - 1987 (with Gary Hyland)
• Breathing Fire - 1995 (with Patrick Lane)
• Desire in Seven Voices - 2000
• Addicted: Notes from the Belly of the Beast - 2001 (with Patrick Lane)
• Breathing Fire 2 - 2004 (with Patrick Lane)

References[link]