Look up Andrew in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Andrew is the English form of a given name and surname common in many countries. Alternatives include André, Andrey, Andrei, Andrzej, Andrej, András, Andrés, Andrius, Andreas, Andreu, Anders, Antero and Endrew. ‘Andrew’ is a common name in English-speaking countries. In the 1990s it was among the top ten most popular names for boys in those countries.^[3] In Italian, the equivalent to "Andrew" is "Andrea", though "Andrea" is feminine in most other languages. Andrew is frequently shortened to "Andy" or "Drew".

The word is derived from the Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas,^[4] itself related to Ancient Greek: ἀνήρ/ἀνδρός aner/andros, "man" (as opposed to "woman"), thus meaning "manly" and, as consequence, "strong", "courageous", and "warrior". In the King James Bible, the Greek "Ἀνδρέας" is translated as Andrew.^[5]

Popularity[link]

Australia[link]

In 1990, the name Andrew was the seventh most popular name in Australia.^[6] In 1980, it was the 19th most common name,^[7] while in 1970, it was the 31st most common name.^[8] Andrew was the second most popular boys name in the Northern Territory in 1980.^[9] In Victoria, Andrew was the third most popular name for a boy in the 1970s.^[10]

Canada[link]

Andrew was the 20th most popular name chosen for male infants in 2005.^[11] Andrew was the 16th most popular name for infants in British Columbia in 2004,^[12] the 17th most popular name in 2003,^[13] and the 19th most popular name in 2002.^[14] In 2001, it was the 18th most common name.^[15] From 1999 - 2003, Andrew was the sixth most often chosen name for a boy.^[16]

Europe[link]

In the United Kingdom in 1974, Andrew was the fourth most common boy's name among infants, and it was third in 1964.^[17]

In Norway, with the spelling 'Andreas', the name has been the second most common boy's name of the 1990s.^[18]

United States[link]

The eleventh most common baby name in 2006,^[46] Andrew was among the ten most popular names for male infants in 2005.^[47] Andrew was the sixth most popular choice for a male infant in 2004.^[48] In 2002 and 2001, Andrew was the seventh most popular baby name in the United States.^[49][50][51] In the 1980s, Andrew was the 19th most popular choice of baby name in the United States.^[52] In the 1970s it was the 31st most popular name.^[53] From the 1960s stretching back at least as far as the 1880s, Andrew was not among the forty most popular names in America.^{[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]}

Andrew variants[link]

• Aindrea, Aindreas or Anndra : Scottish Gaelic for males
• Aindréas, Aindriú, Aindreas : Irish Gaelic for males
• Anaru: New Zealand, for males - Maori transliteration of Andrew
• Ander: Basque for males
• Anders: Danish, Norwegian, Swedish for males
• András, Endre: Hungarian for males
• Andraš Prekmurian for males
• Andraž: Slovene for males
• Andre: Javanese for males
• André: French, Galician, Portuguese, Armenian for males
• Andrea: Albanian, Italian for males; Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, English, Finnish, Galician, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish for females
• Andreas: Austrian, Cypriot Greek, Danish, German, Greek, Norwegian, Icelandic, Swedish, Welsh for males
• Andreea: Romanian for females
• Andrée: French for females
• Andrees: Older Dutch and seldom used Afrikaans for males
• Andrei: Moldovan, Romanian, Russian or Macedonian for males
• Andreia: Portuguese for females
• Andreina: Italian for females
• Andris: Latvian for males
• Andrej or Ondrej: Slovak (Slovakia), Croatian and Serbian, Slovene for males
• Andrey: Russian and Bulgarian for males (Cyrillic and thus often alternatively transliterated as Andrey for both); Romanian for males
• Andreja: Croatian, Slovene for females
• Andres: Estonian for males
• Andrés: Icelandic, Spanish for males
• Andreu: Catalan for males
• Andreus: Greek
• Andrew: English for males
• Andric: English for males
• Andries: Dutch and Afrikaans for males
• Andri: Icelandic for Males
• Andrii: Ukrainian for males
• Andrija: Croatian, Serbian for males
• Andris or Andrejs: Latvian for males
• Andriú: Gaeilge for males
• Andrius: Lithuanian for males
• Andriy: Ukrainian for males
• Andrzej or Jędrzej: Polish for males
• Andrzeja: Polish for females; obsolete
• Ondřej: Czech for males
• Indri: Maltese for males
• In Albanian: Andrea, Endri, Ndreçi (diminutive), Andri, Andi (witch is the same as Andy but fot effects of pronounciation in albanian language is used like Andi), only for males
• Antti : Finnish for males

For alternate forms of Anna, see Anna (name)#Variant forms

Famous Andrews[link]

Saint Andrew[link]

In the Christian Bible, Saint Andrew was the earliest disciple of Jesus and one of the twelve Apostles.

Other saints named Andrew include:

• Saint Andrew of Trier (d. 235), Bishop of Trier
• Saint Andrew of Crete, an 8th century archbishop, theologian, homilist, and hymnographer
• Saint Andrew of Crete (martyr)
• Saint Andrew of Constantinople
• Saints Andrew Dung-Lac An Tran, Andrew Thong Kim Nguyen, Andrew Trong Van Tram, and Andrew Tuong of the Vietnamese Martyrs
• Saint Andrew Kim Taegon of the Korean Martyrs

Kings Andrew[link]

• King Andrew I of Hungary
• King Andrew II of Hungary
• King Andrew III of Hungary

Princes Andrew[link]

• Prince Andrew, Duke of York (1960–), second son of Elizabeth II
• Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944), the aforementioned's paternal grandfather and namesake
• Edward VIII (1894–1972) bore the name Andrew
• Prince William of Gloucester (1941–1972), grandson of George V, was William Henry Andrew Frederick

United States Presidents[link]

• Andrew Jackson (7th President of the United States of America)
• Andrew Johnson (17th President of the United States of America)

Business, culture, science and sport[link]

• Andre Agassi - American tennis player
• Andrew Bloom, American Olympic shot putter
• Andrew Bogut - basketball player
• Andrew Brunette - ice hockey player
• Andrew Buckley - field hockey player
• Andrew Bynum - basketball player
• Andrew Carnegie - steel magnate and philanthropist
• Andrew "Dice" Clay - comedian
• Andrew Clayton - freestyle swimmer
• Andrew Cole - footballer
• Andrew Davies - screenwriter
• Andrew Flintoff - cricketer
• Andrew Rube Foster - Hall of Fame manager for baseball's Negro Leagues
• Andrew Gaze - basketball player
• Andy Gibb - pop singer and composer
• Andrew Graham-Dixon - art historian and broadcaster
• Andy Griffith - actor/singer/comedian
• Andrew Hastie - field hockey player
• Andrew Huxley - physiologist
• Andrew Johns - rugby league player
• Andrew Johnson - footballer
• Andrew Johnston - actor
• Andy Kaufman - comedian
• Andrew Knott - English actor
• Andrew Ladd - ice hockey player
• Andrew Lang - man of letters
• Andrew Lincoln - British actor
• Andrew Lloyd Webber - composer and impresario
• Andrew Luck - American football player
• Andrew Marr - broadcaster
• Andrew Murray - tennis player
• Andrew Marvell - poet
• Andrew Neil - political journalist and broadcaster
• Andrew Raycroft - ice hockey player
• Andy Richter - actor/writer/comedian
• Andrew Ridgeley - English musician
• Andrew Robinson - water polo player
• Andrew Sachs - character actor
• Andrew Sega - American musician
• Andrew "Andy" Shernoff - songwriter/guitarist for the pre-punk band The Dictators
• Andrew Stahl - television and film actor
• Andrew Stanton - "Pixar" producer, director, voice actor, and screenwriter
• Andrew Stockdale - guitarist and singer of Wolfmother
• Andrew Symonds - cricketer
• Andrew Tanenbaum - Computer Scientist
• Andrew Timlin - field hockey player
• Andrew Toney - basketball player
• Andy Van Slyke - baseball player
• Andrew Van Wyngarden - musician
• Andrew W.K. - singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, entertainer, and motivational speaker
• Andrew Wagner - American film director
• Andrew Walter - American football player
• Andy Warhol - famous Pop artist
• Andrew Wood (singer) - singer
• Andrew Towle - Jazz saxophonist

Brother Andrew[link]

• Brother Andrew is a Christian famed for his message to the oppressed church behind the Iron Curtain and for founding the charity Open Doors.

In fiction[link]

• Andrew, angel of death from Touched by an Angel
• Andy Davis, character from Disney Pixar's Toy Story and its sequels
• Andrew, robot from Isaac Asimov's 1976 novella The Bicentennial Man and its 1999 film adaptation
• Andrew Wiggin aka Ender Wiggin, the title character from Orson Scott Card's famous science fiction novel Ender's Game
• Andrew "Drew" Torres, from Degrassi: The Next Generation
• Andrew "Andy" Dufresne, from the Stephen King novel Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption and the film adaption The Shawshank Redemption.

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Andrew"
• All pages beginning with "Andy"
• All pages beginning with "Drew"
• Andy (given name)
• Andre (disambiguation)
• Andreas (disambiguation)
• Andrey
• Andrea
• Andreou

References[link]

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2011)

Johann Paul Friedrich Richter
Born	(1763-03-21)21 March 1763 Wunsiedel, Holy Roman Empire
Died	14 November 1825(1825-11-14) (aged 62) Bayreuth, Germany
Pen name	Jean Paul
Occupation	novelist
Nationality	German
Period	1783-1825
Genres	Humour
Subjects	Education, politics

Jean Paul (21 March 1763 – 14 November 1825), born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, was a German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories.

Life and work[link]

Jean Paul was born at Wunsiedel, in the Fichtelgebirge mountains (Bavaria). His father was an organist at Wunsiedel. In 1765 his father became a pastor at Joditz near Hof, and in 1767 at Schwarzenbach, but he died on 25 April 1779, leaving the family in great poverty. After attending the Gymnasium at Hof, Jean Paul went in 1781 to the University of Leipzig. His original intention was to enter his father's profession, but theology did not interest him, and he soon devoted himself wholly to the study of literature. Unable to maintain himself at Leipzig he returned in 1784 to Hof, where he lived with his mother. From 1787 to 1789 he served as a tutor at Töpen, a village near Hof; and from 1790 to 1794 he taught the children of several families in a school he had founded in nearby Schwarzenbach.

Jean Paul began his career as a man of letters with Grönländische Prozesse ("Greenland Lawsuits", published anonymously in Berlin) and Auswahl aus des Teufels Papieren ("Selections from the Devil's Papers", signed J. P. F. Hasus), the former of which was issued in 1783-84, the latter in 1789. These works were not received with much favour, and in later life Richter himself had little sympathy for their satirical tone. A spiritual crisis he suffered on 15 November 1790, in which he had a vision of his own death, altered his outlook profoundly. His next book, Die unsichtbare Loge ("The Invisible Lodge"), a romance published in 1793 under the pen-name Jean Paul (in honour of Jean Jacques Rousseau), had all the qualities that were soon to make him famous, and its power was immediately recognized by some of the best critics of the day.

Encouraged by the reception of Die unsichtbare Loge, Richter composed a number of books in rapid succession: Leben des vergnügten Schulmeisterleins Maria Wutz in Auenthal ("Life of the Cheerful Schoolmaster Maria Wutz", 1793), the best-selling Hesperus (1795), which made him famous, Biographische Belustigungen unter der Gehirnschale einer Riesin ("Biographical Recreations under the Brainpan of a Giantess", 1796), Leben des Quintus Fixlein ("Life of Quintus Fixlein", 1796), Der Jubelsenior ("The Parson in Jubilee", 1797), and Das Kampaner Tal ("The Valley of Campan", 1797). Also among these was the novel Blumen- Frucht- und Dornenstücke, oder Ehestand, Tod und Hochzeit des Armenadvokaten Siebenkäs ("Flower, Fruit and Thorn Pieces; or, the Married Life, Death and Wedding of Siebenkäs, Poor Man's Lawyer") in 1796-97.

The book's slightly supernatural theme, involving a Doppelgänger and pseudocide, stirred some controversy over its interpretation of the Resurrection, but these criticisms served only to draw awareness to the author. This series of writings assured Richter a place in German literature, and during the rest of his life every work he produced was welcomed by a wide circle of admirers.

After his mother's death in 1797, Richter went to Leipzig, and in the following year to Weimar, where he started work on his most ambitious novel, Titan, published between 1801-02. Richter became friends with such Weimar notables as Herder, by whom he was warmly appreciated, but despite their close proximity, Richter never become close to Goethe and Schiller, both of whom found his literary methods repugnant; but in Weimar, as elsewhere, his remarkable conversational powers and his genial manners made him a favorite in general society. The English writers Thomas Carlyle and Thomas de Quincy took an interest in Jean Paul's work.

In 1801 he married Caroline Meyer, whom he had met in Berlin the year before. They lived first at Meiningen, then at Coburg; and finally, in 1804, they settled at Bayreuth. Here Richter spent a quiet, simple and happy life, constantly occupied with his work as a writer. In 1808 he was fortunately delivered from anxiety about outward necessities by Prince Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg, who gave him an annual pension of 1,000 florins which was later continued by the king of Bavaria.

Jean Paul's Titan was followed by Flegeljahre ("The Awkward Age", 1804-5). His later imaginative works were Dr Katzenbergers Badereise ("Dr Katzenberger's Trip to the Medicinal Springs", 1809), Des Feldpredigers Schmelzle Reise nach Flätz ("Army Chaplain Schmelzle's Voyage to Flätz", 1809), Leben Fibels ("Life of Fibel", 1812), and Der Komet, oder Nikolaus Marggraf ("The Comet, or, Nikolaus Markgraf", 1820–22). In Vorschule der Aesthetik ("Introduction to Aesthetics", 1804) he expounded his ideas on art; he discussed the principles of education in Levana, oder Erziehungslehre ("Levana, or, Pedagogy", 1807); and the opinions suggested by current events he set forth in Friedenspredigt ("Peace Sermon", 1808), Dämmerungen für Deutschland ("Twilights for Germany", 1809), Mars und Phöbus Thronwechsel im Jahre 1814 ("Mars and Phoebus Exchange Thrones in the Year 1814", 1814), and Politische Fastenpredigten ("Political Lenten Sermons", 1817). In his last years he began Wahrheit aus Jean Pauls Leben ("The Truth from Jean Paul's Life"), to which additions from his papers and other sources were made after his death by C. Otto and E. Förster.

Also during this time he supported the younger writer E. T. A. Hoffmann, who long counted Richter among his influences. Richter wrote the preface to Fantasy Pieces, a collection of Hoffmann's short stories published in 1814.

In September 1821 Jean Paul lost his only son, Max, a youth of the highest promise; and he never quite recovered from this shock. He lost his sight in 1824, and died of dropsy at Bayreuth, on 14 November 1825.

Characteristics of his work[link]

Friedrich Schiller said of Jean Paul that he would have been worthy of admiration if he had made as good use of his riches as other men made of their poverty—the classic approach of "Weimar".

But in working out his conceptions, Jean Paul found it appropriate to express any powerful feeling by which he might happen to be moved. He made it his style to use seemingly out-of-the-way facts or psychological notions which occurred to him. Hence every one of his works is irregular in structure and his style lacks directness, though never grace. His imagination was one of extraordinary fertility, and he had a surprising power of suggesting great thoughts by means of the simplest incidents and relations.

The love of nature was one of Jean Paul's deepest pleasures; his expressions of religious feelings are also marked by a truly poetic spirit, for to him visible things were but the symbols of the invisible, and in the unseen realities alone he found elements which seemed to him to give significance and dignity to human life. His humour, the most distinctive of his qualities, cannot be dissociated from the other characteristics of his writings. It mingled with all his thoughts, and to some extent determined the form in which he embodied even his most serious reflections. That it is sometimes extravagant and grotesque cannot be disputed, but it is never harsh nor vulgar, and generally it springs naturally from the perception of the incongruity between ordinary facts and ideal laws.

Jean Paul's personality was deep and many-sided; with all his willfulness and eccentricity he was a man of a pure and sensitive spirit, with a passionate scorn for pretence and an ardent enthusiasm for truth and goodness.

The last scene of Jean Paul's Flegeljahre was the inspiration behind Robert Schumann's composition "Papillons" Op. 2, and Schumann´s Humoreske Op. 20 is inspired by Jean Paul.

19th century works on Jean Paul[link]

Richter's Sämtliche Werke (Complete Works) appeared in 1826-28 in 60 volumes, to which were added 5 volumes of Literarischer Nachlass (literary bequest) in 1836-38; a second edition was published in 1840-42 (33 volumes); a third in 1860-62 (24 volumes). The last complete edition is that edited by R. Gottschall (60 parts, 1879). Editions of selected works appeared in 16 volumes (1865), in Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur (edited by P. Nerrlich, 6 vols, pp. 388–487), &c. The chief collections of Richter's correspondence are:

• Jean Pauls Briefe an F. H. Jacobi (1828)
• Briefwechsel Jean Pauls mit seinem Freunde C. Otto (1829–33)
• Briefwechsel zwischen H. Voss und Jean Paul (1833)
• Briefe an eine Jugendfreundin (1858)
• P. Nerrlich, Jean Pauls Briefwechsel mit seiner Frau und seinem Freunde Otto (1902).

See further:

• The continuation of Richter's autobiography by C. Otto and E. Fürster (1826–33)
• H. Dring, J. P. F. Richters Leben und Charakteristik (1830–32)
• Richard Otto Spazier, JPF Richter: ein biographischer Commentar zu dessen Werken (5 vols, 1833)
• E. Förster, Denkwürdigkeiten aus dem Leben von J. P. F. Richter (1863)
• Paul Nerrlich, Jean Paul und seine Zeitgenossen (1876)
• J. Firmery, Étude sur la vie et les œuvres de J. P. F. Richter (1886)
• P. Nerrlich, Jean Paul, sein Leben und seine Werke (1889)
• Ferdinand Josef Schneider, Jean Pauls Altersdichtung (1901); and Jean Pauls Jugend und erstes Auftreten in der Literatur (1906).
• Thomas Carlyle's two essays on Richter.

Quotations[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jean Paul

• Joy is inexhaustible, unlike seriousness.
• Music is the moonlight in the gloomy night of life.
• Many young people get worked up about opinions that they will share in 20 years.
• Too much trust is a foolishness, too much distrust a tragedy.
• The German language is the organ among the languages. (Die deutsche Sprache ist die Orgel unter den Sprachen.)
• A man never describes his own character so clearly as when he describes another.
• We learn our virtues from our friends who love us; our faults from the enemy who hates us. We cannot easily discover our real character from a friend. He is a mirror, on which the warmth of our breath impedes the clearness of the reflection.
• What a father says to his children is not heard by the world, but it will be heard by posterity.

Works[link]

• Grönländische Prozesse 1783-1784
• Auswahl aus des Teufels Papieren 1789
• Leben des vergnügten Schulmeisterlein Maria Wutz 1790
• Die unsichtbare Loge 1793
• Hesperus (book) 1795
• Biographische Belustigungen 1796
• Leben des Quintus Fixlein 1796
• Siebenkäs 1796
• Der Jubelsenior 1797
• Das Kampaner Tal 1797
• Des Luftschiffers Giannozzo Seebuch 1801
• Titan 1800-03
• Flegeljahre (unfinished) 1804
• Vorschule der Aesthetik 1804
• Levana oder Erziehlehre 1807
• Dr. Katzenbergers Badereise 1809
• Des Feldpredigers Schmelzle Reise nach Flätz 1809
• Leben Fibels 1812
• Bemerkungen über uns närrische Menschen
• Clavis Fichtiana (see also Johann Gottlieb Fichte)
• Das heimliche Klaglied der jetzigen Männer
• Der Komet 1820-1822
• Der Maschinenmann
• Die wunderbare Gesellschaft in der Neujahrsnacht
• Freiheits-Büchlein

English translations[link]

Richter's more important works have been translated into English, for example:

• Quintus Fixlein and Schmelzles Reise, by Carlyle
• Walt and Vult by Lee (1846)
• Titan by Brooks (1863)
• Flower, Fruit and Thorn Pieces by Ewing (1877)
• Levana by Wood (1887)

References[link]

• Fleming, Paul. The Pleasures of Abandonment: Jean Paul and the Life of Humor. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2006.
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  "Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jean Paul

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jean Paul

• Works by Jean Paul on Open Library at the Internet Archive
• Works by Jean Paul at Zeno.org (German)
• Jean Paul's works at Projekt Gutenberg-DE (in German)
• Famous Quotes by Jean Paul Richter
•  James Wood (1907). "Richter, Jean Paul Friedrich". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 

Steve Madden, LTD.

Type	Public (NASDAQ: SHOO)
Industry	Shoes
Founded	1990
Headquarters	52-16 Barnett Ave. Long Island City, New York United States
Key people	Michael Willhite; President Steve Madden; Fashion Director
Products	Shoes
Revenue	$431.0 million USD (2007)
Website	www.SteveMadden.com

A shop located in Beijing

Steve Madden (born 1958) is the founder and former CEO of Steve Madden Ltd., a footwear company.

Born in Far Rockaway, Queens, Madden grew up in adjoining Lawrence in Nassau County, New York.^[1]

Steve Madden, Ltd. was named "Company of the Year" for 2006 at the Footwear News Achievement Awards in New York City on December 5, 2006. Madden said, in accepting the award, that he was going to use this award as a stepping off point for improving his company's image.^[2]

Fraud[link]

Madden's financial affairs were closely entangled with Long Island 'pump and dump' brokerage Stratton Oakmont, cofounded by Madden's childhood friend Danny Porush. In 2001, the SEC filed charges against Madden in Federal Court in New York state, alleging SEC violations. [1] Because the violations weren't criminal in nature, the SEC was seeking to recover $1,637,000 in a combination of illegally avoided losses, interest, and a civil penalty.

In 2002, Madden was convicted of stock manipulation, money, and securities fraud. He was sentenced to 41 months in prison, and was made to resign as CEO from Steve Madden Ltd and from the board of directors.^[3]

Shortly after resigning as CEO, Madden set himself up as a creative consultant with Steve Madden Ltd., a position for which he drew $700,000 even when he was in prison.[2]

Madden served in a federal prison at Eglin Air Force Base, and later Coleman Federal Correctional Complex, near Ocala FL. Madden was released from prison in April 2005.^[4] He then attended a New York City halfway house.^[5] Madden's attorney, Joel Winograd, said that Madden would stay at the house for 60 days.^[6] After his release from a halfway house, he was restricted to home confinement for a period.^[7]

He appears in Jordan Belfort's memoir of the events, The Wolf of Wall Street.

He is currently married to Wendy Ballew, his former director of operations. The couple has two children.

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Ron Telpner, Marketing Magazine: "Ron's Red Shoe Diary". Toronto: Rogers Publishing, September 8, 2003.
• http://www.slate.com/?id=2064214
• Steve Madden: Crisis of the Sole 2001 New York article on Stratton Oakmont and their client Steve Madden.

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