The current International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluation is that, "Carbon black is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B)". Short-term exposure to high concentrations of carbon black dust may produce discomfort to the upper respiratory tract, through mechanical irritation.
Total production was around in 2006. About 20% of world production goes into belts, hoses, and other non-tire rubber goods. The balance is mainly used as a pigment in inks, coatings and plastics. For example, it is added to polypropylene because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which otherwise causes the material to degrade.
Carbon black from vegetable origin is used as a food coloring, in Europe known as additive E153.
+Types of carbon black used in tires | ||||||
!Name | !Abbrev. | !ASTM Desig. | !Particle Size nm | !Tensile Strength MPa | !Relative Laboratory Abrasion | !Relative Roadwear Abrasion |
Super Abrasion Furnace | align=centerSAF || | N110 | 20–25 | 25.2 | 1.35 | 1.25 |
Intermediate SAF | align=centerISAF || | N220 | 24–33 | 23.1 | 1.25 | 1.15 |
High Abrasion Furnace | align=centerHAF || | N330 | 28–36 | 22.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Easy Processing Channel | align=centerEPC || | N300 | 30–35 | 21.7 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
Fast Extruding Furnace | align=centerFEF || | N550 | 39–55 | 18.2 | 0.64 | 0.72 |
High Modulus Furnace | align=centerHMF || | N683 | 49–73 | 16.1 | 0.56 | 0.66 |
Semi-Reinforcing Furnace | align=centerSRF || | N770 | 70–96 | 14.7 | 0.48 | 0.60 |
Fine Thermal | align=centerFT || | N880 | 180–200 | 12.6 | 0.22 | align=center|
Medium Thermal | align=centerMT || | N990 | 250–350 | 9.8 | 0.18 | align=center|
Practically all rubber products where tensile and abrasion wear properties are crucial use carbon black, so they are black in color. Where physical properties are important but colors other than black are desired, such as white tennis shoes, precipitated or fumed silica has been used as a substitute for carbon black in reinforcing ability. Silica-based fillers are also gaining market share in automotive tires because they provide better trade-off for fuel efficiency and wet handling due to a lower rolling loss compared to carbon black-filled tires. Traditionally silica fillers had worse abrasion wear properties, but the technology has gradually improved to where they can match carbon black abrasion performance.
Newer methods of producing carbon black have superseded these traditional sources, although some materials are still produced using traditional methods. For artisanal purposes, it is very useful.
The coatings and inks industries prefer grades of carbon black that are acid oxidized. Acid is sprayed in high temperature dryers during the manufacturing process to change the inherent surface chemistry of the black. The amount of chemically-bonded oxygen on the surface area of the black is increased to enhance performance characteristics.
Category:Pigments Category:Inorganic pigments Category:Carbon Category:Rubber properties Category:Elastomers Category:IARC Group 2B carcinogens
bs:E153 de:Ruß es:Negro de carbón fa:دوده fr:Noir de carbone ko:카본 블랙 it:Nero di carbone ja:カーボンブラック ru:Технический углерод pt:fuligem fi:Kimrööki sv:Kimrök th:คาร์บอนแบล็ค tr:İs karası zh:碳煙This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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