Hughes Road is an arterial road in South Mumbai linking Opera House with Kemps Corner. It is flanked by hanging garden and the Towers of Silence on one side and the Porsche showroom, New Era School, RTI and Westside on the other. It is also a haven for speed demons by night.

Category:Neighbourhoods in Mumbai Category:Streets in Mumbai

Name	Patrick Duff
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Patrick Duff
Born	June 30, 1966
Origin	Bristol, England
Instrument	Guitar, Piano
Genre	Folk/Alternative Rock,
Occupation	Singer-songwriter
Years active	1990 - present
Label	EMI Harvest
Associated acts	Strangelove Moon
Url

Patrick Duff is an English singer-songwriter, and was the lead singer of the alternative rock band Strangelove.

Biography

Patrick Duff was born in Bristol, England, to an Irish father and a Welsh mother on 30 June 1966. After dropping out of school and spending time as a street busker, he became lead singer of the alternative rock band Strangelove, who were signed to Food, Parlophone/EMI. The band released three critically-acclaimed albums, Time For The Rest of Your Life, Love and Other Demons and Strangelove between 1991 and 1998.

After Strangelove ended, Duff briefly formed another band, Moon, who split up after nine months and released one single, "Anaesthesia". Between 2000 and 2004 he went on to travel the world as a solo artist with WOMAD Festival, collaborating with a number of artists, most notably the then 81-year-old veteran African master storyteller and musician Madosini, with whom he lived and worked in the township of Langa, in Cape Town, South Africa.

On returning to the UK, Duff released his first solo album Luxury Problems, produced by Adrian Utley of Portishead and Alex Lee (Goldfrapp/Placebo/Suede/Strangelove). The album was released on EMI’s legendary Harvest Records label – once home to Duff’s childhood hero Syd Barrett – in June 2005.

The following year Patrick was commissioned by Bristol City Council to write a Christmas choral symphony, intended for a one-off exclusive performance at Bristol Cathedral, which he subsequently recorded over six weeks in Salt Lake City, Utah. The 90-minute piece, entitled "Seven Sermons To The Dead", was considered inappropriate by the council and was never staged.

In 2007, he began work on his second solo album, The Mad Straight Road, a collection of 12 songs which Duff describes as “a synthesis of some of the music that has shaped my life – stuff like Disney soundtracks, the Beatles, the Kinks, Bob Dylan, Nick Cave and Johnny Cash – it all went right into the heart of me and came back sounding like this”.

The album features, alongside Patrick, a host of acclaimed musicians, including drummer Damon Reece of Massive Attack, pianist John Baggott (of Robert Plant's Sweet Sensation, Massive Attack and Portishead), Phantom Limb’s bass player Dan Brown (who also provided backing vocals) and pianist Dan Moore, members of the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Alex Lee, who plays the bowed saw on "Dead Man Singing". The Mad Straight Road was produced by Stew Jackson, who also added guitars, banjo, pedal steel, drums, percussion, harmonica, harpsichord and backing vocals, and recorded at Robot Club Studios in Bristol. It was released in early 2010.

Discography

Albums

Luxury Problems

The Mad Straight Road

Singles

"Married With Kids" (2005)

Collaborations

Madosini, Africa (2002)

See also

Strangelove

Madosini

References

External links

Official website

Category:English male singers Category:English songwriters Category:Living people Category:1966 births

Name	Brendan Hughes
Born	16 October 1948
Died	16 February 2008 (aged 59)
Placeofbirth	Belfast, Northern Ireland
Placeofdeath	Belfast, Northern Ireland
Nickname	The Dark
Allegiance	Irish Republican Army Provisional IRA
Rank	Officer Commanding
Battles	The Troubles

Brendan Hughes (16 October 1948 – 16 February 2008), also known as "The Dark", was an Irish republican and former Officer Commanding (OC) of the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), who was mainly known as the leader of the 1980 Irish hunger strike.

Background

Hughes was born into a republican family from the lower Falls Road area of Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was a cousin of Charles Hughes, who was the OC of D Company in the Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade during the Falls Curfew, and was shot and killed in March 1971 by the Official Irish Republican Army during the feud between the Provisional and Official IRA.

Republican activity

Hughes joined the IRA in 1969, sided with the Provisional faction in the split of 1969-70, and was "on the run" in Belfast by 1970. From 1970-1972 Hughes was involved in a number of attacks on British soldiers and bank robberies in order to raise funds for the republican movement.

Hughes described his normal day during that period as "you would have had a call house [a safe meeting place] and you might have robbed a bank in the morning, done a float [gone out in a car looking for a British soldier] in the afternoon, stuck a bomb and a booby trap out after that, and then maybe had a gun battle or two later that night."

Initial prison escape

On 19 July 1973 Hughes was arrested on the Falls Road along with Gerry Adams (now President of Sinn Féin) and Tom Cahill. They were interrogated for in excess of 12 hours at the Springfield Road Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) barracks and later Castlereagh before being transported to Long Kesh.

On 8 December Hughes escaped inside a rolled-up mattress in the back of a dustcart, and fled across the border to Dublin. After ten days he had returned to Belfast after assuming a new identity, becoming a travelling toy salesman named "Arthur McAllister". For five months Hughes lived in Myrtlefield Park near Malone Road, and was believed to be the new O/C of the IRA in Belfast following the arrest of Ivor Bell in February.

On 10 May 1974, Hughes was arrested following a tip-off, and the house was found to contain a submachine gun, four rifles, two pistols and several thousand rounds of ammunition. Hughes was subsequently sentenced to fifteen years in prison. Three years after his arrest Hughes was involved in a fracas, and received an additional five-year sentence for assaulting a prison officer. As he was convicted after 1 March 1976, Hughes was transferred from the compounds to the H-Blocks and lost his Special Category Status. He refused to wear prison uniform and joined the blanket protest. Shortly after arriving in the H-Blocks, Hughes became the OC of the IRA prisoners, and in March 1978 ordered the prisoners to begin the dirty protest.

Hunger strike

Hughes was the Officer Commanding during the 1980 hunger strike. Against the wishes of the IRA Army Council, on 27 October 1980, Hughes along with six other republican prisoners, including John Nixon, Sean McKenna, Tommy McKearney and Raymond McCartney, refused food and started a hunger strike.

During the second month of the hunger strike the British Government led by Margaret Thatcher, sent an intermediary to inform Hughes of a possible compromise, despite previously having publicly rejected any compromise.

Bobby Sands took over as leader of the republican prisoners in the Maze, and, starting on 1 March 1981, led the second hunger strike.

Release

Hughes was released from prison in 1986, and returned to live in Belfast. He was appointed to the IRA's Internal Security Unit and liased between Northern Command and rural units in Tyrone and Armagh.

He resigned from the Army Council in 1994. At the start of the 21st century, he became increasingly critical of the political direction of the Sinn Féin leadership.

In 2000, he criticised the Sinn Féin leadership for allowing building firms in west Belfast to pay low wages to former prisoners and that the republican leadership had sold out on their ideals in order to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. In October 2006, Hughes was pictured on the front page of the Irish News wearing an eye patch, after he underwent an operation to save his sight which had been badly damaged due to his hunger strike. Many former prisoners also experience health problems upon release.

Hughes died in hospital aged 59 on 16 February 2008.

References

External links

Archive of material by Brendan Hughes, containing interviews, transcripts and articles he had written over the years from The Blanket.

review of book about Hughes

Obituaries

The Guardian

Socialist Democracy

Audio slide show on Brendan Hughes' funeral (Argia)

FRFI/RCG

Category:1948 births Category:2008 deaths Category:Irish republicans interned without trial Category:People from Belfast Category:Provisional Irish Republican Army members Category:Prisoners accorded Special Category Status Category:Republicans imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict

:For the Canadian judge, see Ted Hughes (judge).

Name	Ted Hughes
Birthdate	August 17, 1930
Birthplace	Mytholmroyd, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
Deathcause	Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Deathdate	October 28, 1998 (age 68)
Deathplace	London, England
Occupation	Poet
Nationality	British
Spouse	Sylvia Plath (m. 1956-1963)Carol Orchard (m. 1970-1998)
Partner	Assia Wevill (?-1969)
Children	Frieda HughesNicholas Hughes (deceased)Alexandra (deceased)
Influences	Gerard Manley Hopkins, William Shakespeare, Wilfred Owen, Sylvia Plath, William Butler Yeats, Emily Dickinson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Influenced	Simon Armitage, Sylvia Plath, Seamus Heaney
Known for	Poet Laureate

Edward James Hughes OM (17 August 193028 October 1998), more commonly known as Ted Hughes, was an English poet and children's writer. Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation. Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death.

Hughes was married to the American poet Sylvia Plath, from 1956 until her death by suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. His part in the relationship became controversial to some feminists and (particularly) American admirers of Plath. Hughes himself never publicly entered the debate, but his last poetic work, Birthday Letters (1998), explored their complex relationship. These poems make reference to Plath's suicide, but none of them addresses directly the circumstances of her death. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last letter, describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plath's suicide On 22 March 2010, it was announced that Hughes would be commemorated with a memorial in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey, to be installed in early 2011.

Life and career

Early life

Hughes was born on 17 August 1930 at 1 Aspinal Street, in Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire to William Henry and Edith (née Farrar) Hughes and raised among the local farms in the area. According to Hughes, "My first six years shaped everything." When Hughes was seven his family moved to Mexborough, South Yorkshire, where they ran a newsagents and tobacco shop. His brother Gerald was 10 years older and his sister Olwyn, two years older. He attended Mexborough Grammar School, where his teachers encouraged him to write. In 1946 one of his early poems, "Wild West" and a short story were published in the grammar school magazine The Don and Dearne, followed by further poems in 1948.

During the same year Hughes won an Open Exhibition in English at [Pembroke College, Cambridge], but chose to do his National Service first. His two years of National Service (1949–51) passed comparatively easily. Hughes was stationed as a ground wireless mechanic in the RAF on an isolated three-man station in east Yorkshire — a time of which he mentions that he had nothing to do but read and reread Shakespeare and watch the grass grow.

Career

Hughes studied English, anthropology and archaeology at Pembroke College. At this time his first published poetry appeared in the journal he started with fellow students, St. Botolph's Review, and at a party to launch the magazine he met Sylvia Plath. He and Plath married at St George the Martyr Holborn on 16 June 1956, four months after they had first met.

Hughes and Plath had two children, Frieda Rebecca and Nicholas Farrar, but separated in the autumn of 1962. He continued to live at Court Green, North Tawton, Devon irregularly with his lover Assia Wevill after Plath's death on 11 February 1963. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath’s personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including Ariel (1966). He also claimed to have destroyed the final volume of Plath’s journal, detailing their last few months together. In his foreword to The Journals of Sylvia Plath, he defends his actions as a consideration for the couple's young children.

On 25 March 1969, six years after Plath's suicide by asphyxiation from a gas stove, Assia Wevill committed suicide in the same way. Wevill also killed her child, Alexandra Tatiana Elise (nicknamed Shura), the four-year-old daughter of Hughes, born on 3 March 1965.

In August 1970 Hughes married Carol Orchard, a nurse, and they remained together until his death.

Death

He was appointed a member of the Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II just before he died. Hughes continued to live at the house in Devon, until his fatal myocardial infarction in a Southwark, London hospital on 28 October 1998, while undergoing treatment for colon cancer. His funeral was held on 3 November 1998, at North Tawton church, and he was cremated in Exeter. Speaking at the funeral, fellow poet Séamus Heaney, said: "No death outside my immediate family has left me feeling more bereft. No death in my lifetime has hurt poets more. He was a tower of tenderness and strength, a great arch under which the least of poetry's children could enter and feel secure. His creative powers were, as Shakespeare said, still crescent. By his death, the veil of poetry is rent and the walls of learning broken." A memorial walk was inaugurated in 2005, leading from the Devon village of Belstone to Hughes' memorial stone above the River Taw, on Dartmoor.

Nicholas Hughes, the son of Hughes and Plath, died by suicide on 16 March 2009 after battling depression.

Writings

. Held by Bankfield Museum, Yorkshire]] Hughes' earlier poetic work is rooted in nature and, in particular, the innocent savagery of animals, an interest from an early age. He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty and violence in the natural world. Animals serve as a metaphor for his view on life: animals live out a struggle for the survival of the fittest in the same way that humans strive for ascendancy and success. A classic example is the poem "Hawk Roosting."

His later work is deeply reliant upon myth and the British bardic tradition, heavily inflected with a modernist, and ecological viewpoint. Hughes' first collection, Hawk in the Rain (1957) attracted considerable critical acclaim. In 1959 he won the Galbraith prize which brought $5,000. His most significant work is perhaps Crow (1970), which whilst it has been widely praised also divided critics, combining an apocalyptic, bitter, cynical and surreal view of the universe with what sometimes appeared simple, childlike verse.

Hughes worked for 10 years on a prose poem, "Gaudete", which he hoped to have made into a film. It tells the story of the vicar of an English village who is carried off by elemental spirits, and replaced in the village by his enantiodromic double, a changeling, fashioned from a log, who nevertheless has the same memories as the original vicar. The double is a force of nature who organises the women of the village into a "love coven" in order that he may father a new messiah. When the male members of the community discover what is going on, they murder him. The epilogue consists of a series of lyrics spoken by the restored priest in praise of a nature goddess, inspired by Robert Graves's white goddess. It was printed in 1977. Hughes was very interested in the relationship between his poetry and the book arts and many of his books were produced by notable presses and in collaborative editions with artists, for instance with Leonard Baskin. In Birthday Letters, his last collection, Hughes broke his silence on Plath, detailing aspects of their life together and his own behaviour at the time. The cover artwork was by their daughter Frieda. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last letter, describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plath's suicide.

In addition to his own poetry, Hughes wrote a number of translations of European plays, mainly classical ones. HisTales from Ovid (1997) contains a selection of free verse translations from Ovid's Metamorphoses. He also wrote both poetry and prose for children, one of his most successful books being The Iron Man, written to comfort his children after Sylvia Plath's suicide. It later became the basis of Pete Townshend's rock opera of the same name, and of the animated film The Iron Giant.

Hughes was appointed as Poet Laureate in 1984 following the death of John Betjeman. It was later known that Hughes was second choice for the appointment after Philip Larkin, the preferred nominee, declined, because of ill health and writer's block. Hughes served in this position until his death in 1998. In 1993 his monumental work inspired by Graves' The White Goddess was published. Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being is considered to be a unique work among Shakespeare studies. His definitive 1,333-page Collected Poems (Faber & Faber) appeared in 2003.

A previously unpublished poem entitled "Last Letter" which detailed Hughes last encounter with Plath was published in The New Statesman on National Poetry Day 2010.

Archive

Hughes archival material is held by institutions such as Emory University, Atlanta, Exeter University. The British Library also has a large collection comprising over 220 files containing manuscripts, letters, journals, personal diaries and correspondence. From 2010 the library archive will be accessible through the British Library website.

Selected works

Poetry collections

1957 The Hawk in the Rain

1960 Lupercal

1967 Wodwo

1970 Crow: From the Life and the Songs of the Crow

1972 Selected Poems 1957-1967

1975 Cave Birds

1977 Gaudete

1979 ''Remains of Elmet' (with photographs by Fay Godwin)

1979 Moortown

1983 River

1986 Flowers and Insects

1989 Wolfwatching

1992 Rain-charm for the Duchy

1994 New Selected Poems 1957-1994

1997 Tales from Ovid

1998 Birthday Letters — winner of the 1998 Forward Poetry Prize for best collection, the 1998 T. S. Eliot Prize, and the 1999 British Book of the Year award.

2003 Collected Poems

Volumes of translation

Spring Awakening by Frank Wedekind

Blood Wedding by Federico García Lorca

1977 Amen by Yehuda Amichai, Amen, Harper (New York, NY)

1968 Yehuda Amichai, Selected Poems Cape Goliard Press (London, England), revised edition published as Poems, Harper (New York, NY), 1969.

1997 Tales from Ovid by Ovid Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York, NY)

1999 The Oresteia by Aeschylus, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York, NY)

1999 Phèdre by Jean Racine, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York, NY),

1999 Alcestis by Euripides, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York, NY)

Anthologies edited by Hughes

Selected Poems of Emily Dickinson

Selected Poems of Sylvia Plath

Selected Verse of Shakespeare

A Choice of Coleridge's Verse

The Rattle Bag (edited with Séamus Heaney)

The School Bag (edited with Séamus Heaney)

By Heart: 101 Poems to Remember

The Mays

Short story collection

1995 The Dreamfighter, and Other Creation Tales. Faber and Faber (London, England)

1995 Difficulties of a Bridegroom: Collected Short Stories. Picador (New York, NY)

Prose

1967 Poetry in the Making: An Anthology of Poems and Programmes from "Listening and Writing. Faber (London) 1967.

1992 Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York)

1993 A Dancer to God Tributes to T. S. Eliot. (Editor) Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York)

1994 Winter Pollen: Occasional Prose. (Essay collection) . Edited by William Scammell, Faber (London). Picador USA (New York) 1995.

Books for children

Meet my Folks!

How the Whale Became

The Earth Owl and Other Moon-People

Nessie the Mannerless Monster

1970 Poetry Is

The Iron Man

Coming of the Kings and Other Plays

Season Songs

Moon-Whales

Moon-Bells

Under the North Star

Ffangs the Vampire Bat and the Kiss of Truth

Tales of the Early World

The Iron Woman

The Dreamfighter and Other Creation Tales

Collected Animal Poems: Vols. 1–4

''The Mermaid's Purse

''The Cat and the Cuckoo

Plays

The House of Aries (radio play), broadcast, 1960.

The Calm produced in Boston, MA, 1961.

A Houseful of Women (radio play), broadcast, 1961.

The Wound (radio play; also see below), broadcast, 1962

Difficulties of a Bridegroom (radio play), broadcast, 1963.

Epithalamium produced in London, 1963.

Dogs (radio play), broadcast, 1964.

The House of Donkeys (radio play), broadcast, 1965.

The Head of Gold (radio play), broadcast, 1967.

The Coming of the Kings and Other Plays (juvenile)

''The Price of a Bride (juvenile; radio play), broadcast, 1966.

Adapted Seneca's Oedipus (produced in London 1968)

Orghast produced in Persepolis, Iran, 1971.

Eat Crow Rainbow Press (London, England), 1971.

The Iron Man (based on his juvenile book; televised, 1972).

Orpheus 1973.

Limited editions

The Burning of the Brothel (Turret Books, 1966)

Recklings (Turret Books, 1967)

Scapegoats and Rabies (Poet & Printer, 1967)

Animal Poems (Richard Gilbertson, 1967)

A Crow Hymn (Sceptre Press, 1970)

The Martyrdom of Bishop Farrar (Richard Gilbertson, 1970)

Crow Wakes (Poet & Printer, 1971)

Shakespeare's Poem (Lexham Press, 1971)

Eat Crow (Rainbow Press, 1971)

Prometheus on His Crag (Rainbow Press, 1973)

Crow: From the Life and the Songs of the Crow (Illustrated by Leonard Baskin, published by Faber & Faber, 1973)

Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter (Rainbow Press,1974)

Cave Birds (Illustrated by Leonard Baskin, published by Scolar Press, 1975)

Earth-Moon (Illustrated by Ted Hughes, published by Rainbow Press, 1976)

Eclipse (Sceptre Press, 1976)

Sunstruck (Sceptre Press, 1977)

A Solstice (Sceptre Press, 1978)

Orts (Rainbow Press, 1978)

Moortown Elegies (Rainbow Press, 1978)

The Threshold (Illustrated by Ralph Steadman, published by Steam Press, 1979)

Adam and the Sacred Nine (Rainbow Press, 1979)

Four Tales Told by an Idiot (Sceptre Press, 1979)

The Cat and the Cuckoo (Illustrated by R.J. Lloyd, published by Sunstone Press, 1987)

A Primer of Birds: Poems (Illustrated by Leonard Baskin, published by Gehenna Press, 1989)

Capriccio (Illustrated by Leonard Baskin, published by Gehenna Press, 1990)

''The Mermaid's Purse (Illustrated by R.J. Lloyd, published by Sunstone Press, 1993)

''Howls and Whispers (Illustrated by Leonard Baskin, published by Gehenna Press, 1998)

Many of Ted Hughes' poems have been published as limited-edition broadsides.

References

Bibliography

The Epic Poise: a celebration of Ted Hughes, edited by Nick Gammage, Faber and Faber, 1999.

Ted Hughes: the life of a poet, by Elaine Feinstein, W.W. Norton, 2001.

Bound to Please, by Michael Dirda pp 17–21, W.W. Norton, 2005.

Ted Hughes: a literary life, by Neil Roberts, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

External links

PoetryArchive.org Biog, bibliography and audio files. Retrieved 2010-08-13.

Poetry Foundation Biography. Retrieved 2010-08-13

British Library - modern British Collections on Ted Hughes. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Ted Hughes archive at Emory University. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath collection at University of Victoria, Special Collections. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Ted Hughes website with bibliography, biographical information, essays etc. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

The Elmet Trust. Official Ted Hughes website. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Guardian article Son of poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes kills himself 23 March 2009. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Guardian article on Wevill and Hughes' relationship 19 October 2006. Retrieved: 2010-02-22

Dreaming of Foxes - an audio drama loosely based on the childhood of Ted Hughes in Mytholmroyd - online at The Independent

Category:1930 births Category:1998 deaths Category:20th-century poets Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge Category:British Poets Laureate Category:Cancer deaths in England Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in England Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:English astrologers Category:English children's writers Category:English poets Category:Guardian award winners Category:Members of the Order of Merit Category:People from Mytholmroyd Category:Sylvia Plath

Name	Robert Frost
Caption	Robert Frost (1941)
Birthname	Robert Lee Frost
Birthdate	March 26, 1874
Birthplace	San Francisco, California, United States
Deathdate
Deathplace	Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Occupation	Poet, Playwright
Signature	Robert Frost Signature.svg

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was an American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. His work frequently employed settings from rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical themes. A popular and often-quoted poet, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Biography

Early years

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie. Frost's mother joined the Swedenborgian church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult.

Although known for his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the city, and published his first poem in his high school's magazine. He attended Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs – including helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers, and working in a factory as a lightbulb filament changer. He did not enjoy these jobs, feeling his true calling was poetry.

Adult years

, which he described in "Mending Wall."]] In 1894 he sold his first poem, "My Butterfly: An Elegy" (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent) for $15. Proud of his accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish college (at St. Lawrence University) before they married. Frost then went on an excursion to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia, and asked Elinor again upon his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were married at Harvard University, where he attended liberal arts studies for two years.

He did well at Harvard, but left to support his growing family. Shortly before dying, Robert's grandfather purchased a farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; and Robert worked the farm for nine years, while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. Ultimately his farming proved unsuccessful and he returned to the field of education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912 Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, living first in Glasgow before settling in Beaconsfield outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock Poets), T.E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound. Although Pound would become the first American to write a (favorable) review of Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American prosody. Surrounded by his peers, Frost wrote some of his best work while in England.

in Derry, New Hampshire, where he wrote many of his poems, including "Tree at My Window" and "Mending Wall."]] As World War I began, Frost returned to America in 1915 and bought a farm in Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, teaching, and lecturing. This family homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until 1938, and is maintained today as The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference site. During the years 1916–20, 1923–24, and 1927–1938, Frost taught English at Amherst College, in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for the sounds of the human voice in their writing.

For forty-two years – from 1921 to 1963 - Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain campus at Ripton, Vermont. He is credited as a major influence upon the development of the school and its writing programs; the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference gained renown during Frost's time there. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead as a national historic site near the Bread Loaf campus. In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927; while there he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters.

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory indicates Frost received an honorary degree there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities; and was the only person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him. Frost was 86 when he spoke and performed a reading of his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He died in Boston two years later, on January 29, 1963, of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph quotes a line from one of his poems: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."

Frost's poems are critiqued in the Anthology of Modern American Poetry (Oxford University Press) where it is mentioned that behind a sometimes charmingly familiar and rural façade, Frost's poetry frequently presents pessimistic and menacing undertones which often are either unrecognized or unanalyzed.

One of the original collections of Frost materials, to which he himself contributed, is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence, and photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings. The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College also holds a collection of his papers.

Personal life

Robert Frost's personal life was plagued with grief and loss. In 1885 when Frost was 11, his father died of tuberculosis, leaving the family with just eight dollars. Frost's mother died of cancer in 1900. In 1920, Frost had to commit his younger sister Jeanie to a mental hospital, where she died nine years later. Mental illness apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he and his mother suffered from depression, and his daughter Irma was committed to a mental hospital in 1947. Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced bouts of depression.

Selected works

Poems

After Apple-Picking

Acquainted with the Night

The Aim Was Song

An Old Man's Winter Night

The Armful

Asking for Roses

The Bear

Bereft

Birches

The Black Cottage

Bond and Free

A Boundless Moment

A Brook in the City

But Outer Space

Choose Something Like a Star

A Cliff Dwelling

The Code

Come In

A Considerable Speck

The Cow in Apple-Time

The Death of the Hired Man

Dedication

The Demiurge's Laugh

Devotion

Departmental

Desert Places

Design

Directive

A Dream Pang

Dust of Snow

The Egg and the Machine

Evening in a Sugar Orchard

The Exposed Nest

The Fear

Fire and Ice (1920)

Fireflies in the Garden

The Flower Boat

Flower-Gathering

For Once, Then Something

Fragmentary Blue

Gathering Leaves

God's Garden

The Generations of Men

Ghost House

The Gift Outright

A Girl's Garden

Going for Water

Good Hours

Good-bye, and Keep Cold

The Gum-Gatherer

A Hundred Collars

Hannibal

The Hill Wife

Home Burial

Hyla Brook

In a Disused Graveyard

In a Poem

In Hardwood Groves

In Neglect

In White (Frost's Early Version of "Design")

Into My Own

A Late Walk

Leaves Compared with Flowers

The Line-Gang

A Line-Storm Song

The Lockless Door

Love and a Question

Lure of the West

Meeting and Passing

Mending Wall

A Minor Bird

The Mountain

Mowing

My Butterfly

My November Guest

The Need of Being Versed in Country Things

Neither Out Far Nor in Deep

Never Again Would Bird's Song Be the Same

Not to Keep

Nothing Gold Can Stay

Now Close the Windows

October

On a Tree Fallen across the Road

On Looking up by Chance at the Constellations

Once by the Pacific (1916)

One Step Backward Taken

Out, Out- (1916)

The Oven Bird

Pan With Us

A Patch of Old Snow

The Pasture

Plowmen

A Prayer in Spring

Provide, Provide

Putting in the Seed

Quandary

A Question

Range-Finding

Reluctance

Revelation

The Road Not Taken

The Road That Lost its Reason

The Rose Family

Rose Pogonias

The Runaway

The Secret Sits

The Self-Seeker

A Servant to Servants

The Silken Tent

A Soldier

The Sound of the Trees

The Span of Life

Spring Pools

The Star-Splitter

Stars

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Storm Fear

The Telephone

They Were Welcome to Their Belief

A Time to Talk

To E.T.

To Earthward

To the Thawing Wind

Tree at My Window

The Trial by Existence

The Tuft of Flowers

Two Look at Two

Two Tramps in Mud Time

The Vanishing Red

The Vantage Point

War Thoughts at Home

What Fifty Said

The Witch of Coös

The Wood-Pile

Poetry collections

North of Boston (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914)

Mending Wall

Mountain Interval (Holt, 1916)

The Road Not Taken

Selected Poems (Holt, 1923)

: Includes poems from first three volumes and the poem The Runaway

New Hampshire (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924)

Several Short Poems (Holt, 1924)

Selected Poems (Holt, 1928)

West-Running Brook (Holt, 1928? 1929)

The Lovely Shall Be Choosers (Random House, 1929)

Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1930; Longmans, Green, 1930)

The Lone Striker (Knopf, 1933)

Selected Poems: Third Edition (Holt, 1934)

Three Poems (Baker Library, Dartmouth College, 1935)

The Gold Hesperidee (Bibliophile Press, 1935)

From Snow to Snow (Holt, 1936)

A Further Range (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937)

Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1939; Longmans, Green, 1939)

A Witness Tree (Holt, 1942; Cape, 1943)

Come In, and Other Poems (1943)

Steeple Bush (Holt, 1947)

Complete Poems of Robert Frost, 1949 (Holt, 1949; Cape, 1951)

Hard Not To Be King (House of Books, 1951)

Aforesaid (Holt, 1954)

A Remembrance Collection of New Poems (Holt, 1959)

You Come Too (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964)

In the Clearing (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1962)

The Poetry of Robert Frost (New York, 1969)

A Further Range (published as Further Range in 1926, as New Poems by Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937)

''Nothing Gold Can Stay

''What Fifty Said

''Fire And Ice

''A Drumlin Woodchuck

Plays

A Way Out: A One Act Play (Harbor Press, 1929).

The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press, 1929).

A Masque of Reason (Holt, 1945).

A Masque of Mercy (Holt, 1947).

Prose

The Letters of Robert Frost to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963; Cape, 1964).

Robert Frost and John Bartlett: The Record of a Friendship, by Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963).

Selected Letters of Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964).

Interviews with Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966; Cape, 1967).

Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost (State University of New York Press, 1972).

Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Forty Years of Friendship (University Press of New England, 1981).

The Notebooks of Robert Frost, edited by Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press, January 2007).

Published as

Collected Poems, Prose and Plays (Richard Poirier, ed.) (Library of America, 1995) ISBN 978-1-88301106-2.

Pulitzer Prizes

1924 for New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes

1931 for Collected Poems

1937 for A Further Range

1943 for A Witness Tree

Notes

Sources

Burlington Free Press, January 8, 2008 Article: Vandalized Frost house drew a crowd

Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays. 10/1995 Library of America. Robert Frost. Edited by Richard Poirier and Mark Richardson. Trade ISBN 1-883011-06-X.

External links

Robert Frost at Find a Grave

Yale College Lecture on Robert Frost audio, video and full transcripts from Open Yale Courses

A Boy's Will

Poems by Robert Frost An extensive collection of Frost's poetry

Poems by Robert Frost at PoetryFoundation.org

Robert Frost at Modern American Poetry

North of Boston and A Boy's Will from American Studies at the University of Virginia.

Robert Frost Collection in Special Collections, Jones Library, Amherst, MA

Robert Frost Collection in Archives and Special Collections, Amherst College, Amherst, MA

Robert Frost at Bread Loaf (Middlebury College)

Robert Frost Farm in Derry, NH

Robert Frost Out Loud: audio recordings and commentary on many Frost poems

Robert Frost page on Ketzle.com - poems, links

Robert Frost's mention on the Writer's Almanac: audio of the poem Neither Out Far nor In Deep

Student finds Frost poem lost for 88 years

The Frost Foundation

The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference center in Franconia, N.H.

Poemhunter.com 116 Frost Poems

Robert Frost by Dejan Stojanović

Category:American Poets Laureate Category:Amherst College faculty Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients Category:Dartmouth College alumni Category:English-language poets Category:Formalist poets Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Writers from New Hampshire Category:People from Lawrence, Massachusetts Category:People from San Francisco, California Category:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners Category:Sonneteers Category:University of Michigan faculty Category:Middlebury College faculty Category:People from Bennington, Vermont Category:Writers from California Category:People from Derry, New Hampshire Category:1874 births Category:1963 deaths Category:Plymouth State University people

For the literary character, see American Psycho. For the Guardian journalist, see The Wire Re-up.

Paul Andrew Owen (born June 9, 1969 in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a former cricketer. He played 3 first-class matches for Gloucestershire County Cricket Club in 1990.

External links

CricInfo

Category:1969 births Category:Canadian cricketers Category:Gloucestershire cricketers Category:Sportspeople from Saskatchewan Category:Living people